Economic Stabilization, Supply Side Economics, And The Social Economist

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. McDaniel ◽  
John E. Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Side ◽  
Social Economist ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Stabilization

scholarly journals Reversing the Malthusian paradigm on retirement age

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Deboosere ◽  
Hadewijch Vandenheede
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Economic Thinking

RésuméLa démographie a toujours influencé la pensée politique. La décision récente d’aug­menter l’âge à la pension dans beaucoup de pays développés est inspirée par l’évo­lution importante de la composition par âge de la population. Mais il y a en réalité peu d’arguments pour augmenter l’âge à la retraite si l’on tient compte de l’ensem­ble des données démographiques et économiques. Une interprétation souvent trop simpliste et même parfois erronée d’indicateurs démographiques contribue à cette démarche. L’utilisation systématique d’indicateurs démographiques dans la discussion sur la viabilité du système des pensions et de la sécurité sociale est selon nous souvent inspirée par la théorie de l’économie de l’offre. Un aspect crucial est le fait que la croissance de la productivité est ignorée ou minimisée. À cet égard, la discussion actuelle présente une profonde similitude avec l’approche Malthusienne de la population.AbstractDemography always influenced political thinking. The recent decision to increase the age of retirement in many high-income countries is driven by a dramatic chan­ge in the age composition of the population. We argue that there is in fact no need to increase the age of retirement and that many aspects of the current evolution both in demography and in economy are overlooked. Moreover, some demographic indicators such as life expectancy or the dependency ratio are often interpreted in a simplistic and erroneous way. The systematic use of demographic indicators to discuss the sustainability of the pension system and of the social security system is in our view often inspired by the supply-side way of economic thinking. A crucial aspect is that productivity increase is ignored or minimalized in the discussion. In this regard the discussion has many similarities with the Malthusian approach of the population question.

“España Verde”

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-311
Author(s):  
Till Maximilian Schuh ◽  
Dora Agapito ◽  
Patrícia Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
German Market ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Destination Management Organizations

This study aims at measuring the image of the tourism brand “España Verde” by using the social media platform Facebook. The ever-increasing competition within the tourism industry makes it vital for destinations to address their target group by tailored marketing measures. Furthermore social media channels are changing the interaction between Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) and customers. With the aim of exploring España Verde's image, a three components approach—cognitive, affective and conative was applied. Related to the measurement of the cognitive component, the study also focuses on España Verde's touristic potential ranging from a rich and diverse culture as well as a unique natural heritage to a suitable infrastructure for touristic purposes. Although the supply side seems to fit the target group's desires when choosing a vacation destination, the exploratory results reveal that there is currently only little awareness for España Verde on the German market.

Subsidizing the Housing Costs of Lower-Income Tenants

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Meen ◽  
Christine Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Private Renting ◽  
Housing Subsidies ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

Chapter 12 turns to tenant subsidies. Since the introduction of income-related housing subsidies to tenants in the early 1970s there has been continuing debate about the relative weight to be given to demand side and supply side subsidies. The numbers helped by the second is limited by available supply while in the UK the first provides an as of right benefit to all eligible households in both the social and private rented sectors. Other issues relate to the efficiency and capacity to target assistance, the relative public expenditure costs to achieve government objectives, and their impact on the allocation of affordable housing and on work incentives. One of the most important and unpredicted changes in housing has been the growth of private renting which now accommodates around 20 per cent of households in the UK. The chapter discusses these tenure shifts and examines how austerity, regulation and changes to welfare policy have impacted on households and affordability.

scholarly journals A Two-Sided Incentive Program for Coordinating the Influenza Vaccine Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Arifoğlu ◽  
Christopher S. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Balanced Budget

Problem definition: The U.S. influenza (flu) vaccine supply chain is decentralized and experiences frequent supply and demand mismatches caused by two key factors: (1) the vaccine production process (yield) is highly uncertain; and (2) individuals are self-interested and do not completely take into account positive and negative externalities that they impose on others. To improve matching of supply and demand, we counteract these factors by developing an ex ante budget-neutral incentive program. Academic/practical relevance: We establish the sources of inefficiency in the flu vaccine supply chain. To eliminate the inefficiency, we develop a two-sided incentive program that policymakers can implement to finance vaccines under an ex ante balanced budget. Methodology: We model the flu vaccine supply chain as a decentralized system consisting of self-interested individuals on the demand side, and a profit-maximizing manufacturer with uncertain yield on the supply side. We use backward induction to characterize the subgame-perfect equilibrium of the sequential game that models the interactions between individuals and the manufacturer. Results: We develop a two-sided incentive program that proposes “vaccination incentives” to be given to individuals on the demand side, and “a menu of transfer payments” between the social planner and manufacturer on the supply side. When the realized vaccine supply is high (or low), our incentive program provides positive (negative) vaccination incentives for individuals to stimulate (or curb) the demand and eliminate positive (or negative) externalities by making vaccination more affordable (or costly). When social benefits from vaccination are significantly high, our incentive program uses a menu of transfer payments to penalize (or subsidize) the manufacturer for low (or high) yield realizations so that it produces the socially optimal quantity. We show that our incentive program can attain the social optimum, maintain an ex ante balanced budget (i.e., budget-neutral in expectation), and distribute the maximum social welfare between individuals and the manufacturer arbitrarily. Managerial implications: Vaccination incentives to individuals can ensure their access to the vaccine, but they are not enough to entice the manufacturer to ensure vaccine availability. A menu of contracts contingent on realized yield provides necessary incentives to the manufacturer and assures the availability.

Competitiveness and Democracy

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Political Leadership ◽  
Development Spectrum ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Efficiency Improve

AbstractAfter reviewing progress in Latin America's economic stabilization and international competitiveness in the last two decades, this essay discusses the current post–Washington Consensus “social democratic convergence” agenda, which aims to sharpen market efficiency, improve the quality of democratic governance, and advance equity goals by attacking the social deficit. Two illustrative examples, at opposite ends of the development spectrum, are Nicaragua's pro-CAFTA agenda and Chile's Chile Compete program. More generally, pluralistic democracy can hamper progress by giving veto powers to recalcitrant vested interests; but enlightened political leadership can make gains by combining carefully crafted coalitions, international support, popular pressures, and an attractive ideological message.

scholarly journals “That’s Our Traditional Way as Indigenous Peoples”: Towards a Conceptual Framework for Understanding Community Support of Sustainable Energies in NunatuKavut, Labrador

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6050
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mercer ◽  
Amy Hudson ◽  
Debbie Martin ◽  
Paul Parker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Transition

There is a substantial body of literature in North America regarding the social acceptance of renewable energies, particularly wind energy. However, limited research focuses on the experiences of Indigenous Peoples. Furthermore, several researchers have called for a rapid transition to renewable energies in Indigenous off-grid diesel powered communities in Canada, while limited research has considered local support for this transition, which neglects the Indigenous right of free, prior, and informed consent for developments on or which affect their territories. Working in partnership with nine Indigenous off-grid communities in southeast Labrador, we assess community-member perceptions and support of sustainable energies via hybrid interviews/surveys (n = 211) and key informant interviews (n = 11). Applying directed content analysis and participatory methodologies, we find that five primary themes influence Indigenous support for sustainable energies in southeast Labrador: (1) Community familiarity and understanding; (2) association with previous projects; (3) relationships with culture and sustenance; (4) endogeneity of resources; (5) energy security impacts. The themes should be viewed as a framework for understanding community support, not a definitive recipe for reaching consent. Applying these themes, we demonstrate broad community support for conventional renewables (wind, solar), reluctance towards emerging renewables (biomass, tidal, wave) and energy storage (pumped hydro, battery), and wide opposition for hydroelectricity and small modular nuclear. We demonstrate that energy efficiency applications maintain substantially higher support than most supply-side options. Supply-side sustainable energies have the potential to perpetuate the colonial or extractive nature of resource development in Indigenous communities, while energy efficiency applications more directly facilitate energy security and protect energy sovereignty.

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