Effect of N‐(n‐butyl)thiophosphoric triamide added to peat and leather in urea‐based fertilizers on urea hydrolysis and ammonia volatilization

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 3177-3191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gioacchini ◽  
Camilla Giovannini ◽  
Claudio Marzadori ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
Andrea Simoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis

scholarly journals Using Soil Water to Control Ammonia Emission from Acid Soils with and Without Chicken Litter Biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Maru Ali ◽  
Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽  
Nik Muhamad Abd Majid ◽  
Walter Charles Primus ◽  
Nathaniel Maikol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Chicken Litter

Although urea use in agriculture is on the increase, increase in pH at soil microsite due to urea hydrolysis which causes ammonia emission can reduce N use efficiency. Among the interventions used to mitigate ammonia loss include urease inhibitors, clinoptilolite zeolite, coated urea, and biochar but with little attention to the use of soil water levels to control ammonia volatilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil water levels on ammonia volatilization from soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Dry soils with and without chicken litter biochar were subjected to 0%, 25% 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% soil water. There was no urea hydrolysis in the soil without water. Chicken litter biochar as soil amendment effectively mitigated ammonia loss at 1% to 32% and 80% to 115% field capacity. However, urea used on soil only showed lower ammonia loss at 33% to 79% and 116% to 125% field capacity compared with the soils with chicken litter biochar. At 50% field capacity ammonia loss was high in soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Although chicken litter biochar is reputed for improving soil chemical properties, water levels in this present study affected soil chemical properties differently. Fifty percent field capacity, significantly reduced soil chemical properties. These findings suggest that timely application of urea at the right field capacity can mitigate ammonia emission. Therefore, whether soils are amended with or without chicken litter biochar, urea application should be avoided at 50% field capacity especially in irrigated crops.

Pertes d'azote par volatilisation ammoniacale après fertilisation en forêt de pin gris

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carrier ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Increasing Precipitation ◽  
Underlying Soil

In a field study, percentage of nitrogen lost as ammonia from a jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) soil increased with increasing rates of urea application between 112 and 448 kg N/ha. After 7 days, losses amounted to 18–28% of a 224 kg urea-N/ha application, representing 60–87% of the total losses measured over a 6-week period. Maximum volatilization rates occurred between the third and the fifth day after fertilization, at which time urea hydrolysis was virtually complete. Negligible ammonia losses were measured in plots treated with ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and sulfur-coated urea. Applying superphosphate with urea markedly depressed ammonia volatilization, an effect which was enhanced by a joint application of K2SO4•MgSO4. Reduction of volatilization by artificial precipitation was significant and increased with increasing precipitation when the latter was applied soon after fertilization; decreases in volatilization were then related to the amount of residual urea subject to diffusion into the humus layer or to leaching towards the underlying soil horizons.

Problems in the use of microplots for assessing the fate of urea applied to flooded rice

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
ACF Trevitt ◽  
JR Freney ◽  
JR Simpson ◽  
WA Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Heat Penetration

The effects of differences in size of microplot and type of enclosure on the floodwater parameters determining ammonia volatilization were studied. The results show that the use of enclosures can retard urea hydrolysis, suppress the maximum daytime pH values (an effect which is cumulative over a number of days), and significantly reduce the potential for ammonia volatilization. These effects are the consequence of lowered light (and heat) penetration in the enclosed area due to shading of the floodwater by the enclosure walls. The magnitude of these effects varies with plot size and shape, and the material used for construction of the plot wall. A preliminary analysis suggests that, if errors due to shading are acceptable when 90% or more of the incident solar radiation always penetrates to the enclosed floodwater, then square plots with opaque walls must be at least 1.2 m along a side and cylindrical plots must be at least 1.2 m in diameter when wall height is 0.1 m above the floodwater.

Rétention de l'azote et évolution des propriétés d'un humus brut de station de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) après application d'engrais azotés

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cationic Exchange

The addition of urea invitro to the coarse humus of a jack pine nursery has led to an increased pH following urea hydrolysis, with the result that the cationic exchange capacity was increased while the organic matter in the humus was partly dissolved. Furthermore, considerable losses of nitrogen due to ammonia volatilization are likely to occur following the application of urea. The use of nitrate mineral fertilizers ((NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, or (NO3)2Ca), though these are not subject to losses through ammonia volatilization, produces a significant displacement of soil elements. Moreover, the nitrogen in such fertilizers is more prone to leaching than mineral nitrogen freed by urea hydrolysis.

Nitrogen transformations and ammonia volatilization losses from 15N-urea as affected by the co-application of composted pig manure

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Jung Choi ◽  
Scott X Chang ◽  
Jin-Hyeob Kwak ◽  
Jae-Woon Jung ◽  
Sang-Sun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
15N Urea

Co-application of composted manure (compost) and urea is considered an environment-friendly fertilization practice; however, the high urease activity in compost may stimulate NH3 volatilization and cause N loss from co-applied urea. To test the above hypothesis, we investigated the fate of urea co-applied with compost in a loam-textured soil through two laboratory incubation experiments. Urea (150 mg N kg-1) was co-applied with 0, 4.9, 9.8, and 14.6 g of compost (oven-dry basis) kg-1 of soil, designated as treatments UC0, UC1, UC2, and UC3, respectively. Co-application of compost and urea enhanced urea hydrolysis and increased the 1st order rate constant of urea hydrolysis from 0.047 h-1 in the UC0 to 0.139 h-1 in the UC3 treatments. Soil pH increased from 7.0 for UC0 to 7.6 for UC3, leading to greater NH3 volatilization (up to two times more) in the soils receiving 9.8 g kg-1 or more of compost. Compost co-application also increased the immobilization of urea-derived N, probably because the organic matter added in compost stimulated microbial growth or NH4+ fixation. Between 15 and 17% of urea-N was not recovered at the end of the incubation, but there was no difference in N loss among the treatments resulting from the contrasting effects (NH3 volatilization vs. NH4+ immobilization) of compost on N losses. Our results clearly show that application of compost with high urease activity increases NH3 volatilization loss of N from the co-applied urea, but the total amount of N lost is also affected by immobilization of NH4+ by the organic matter added to the soil through the applied compost. Key words: Ammonia volatilization, nitrogen dynamics, nitrogen-15 recovery, organic carbon, urease activity

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