The effect of voluntary restraint agreements: a case study of the steel industry

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Canto
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Voluntary Restraint

scholarly journals Contrasts in Innovation: Pittsburgh Then and Now

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Madison
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Assessments of the relationship among law, innovation, and economic growth often begin with one or more propositions of law or law practice and predict how changes might affect innovation or business practice. This approach is problematic when applied to questions of regional economic development, because historic and contemporary local conditions vary considerably. This paper takes a different tack. It takes a snapshot of one recovering post-industrial economy, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. For most of the 20th century, Pittsburgh's steelmakers were leading examples worldwide of American economic prowess. Pittsburgh was so vibrant with industry that a late 19th century travel writer called Pittsburgh "hell with the lid taken off," and he meant that as a compliment. In the early 1980s, however, Pittsburgh's steel economy collapsed, a victim of changing worldwide demand for steel and the industry's inflexible commitment to a large-scale integrated production model. As the steel industry collapsed, the Pittsburgh region collapsed, too. Unemployment in some parts of the Pittsburgh region peaked at 20%. More than 100,000 manufacturing jobs disappeared. Tens of thousands of residents moved away annually. Over the last 30 years, Pittsburgh has slowly recovered, building a new economy that balances limited manufacturing with a broad range of high quality services. In 2009, President Barack Obama took note of the region's rebirth by selecting the city to host a summit of the Group of 20 (G-20) finance ministers. The paper describes the characteristics of Pittsburgh today and measures the state of its renewal. It considers the extent, if any, to which law and the legal system have contributed to Pittsburgh's modern success, and it identifies lessons that this Pittsburgh case study might offer for other recovering and transitioning post-industrial regions.

Modeling the Supply Chain in the Semi-Integrated Steel Industry: A Case Study in Colombia

2009 ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Edgar Gutierrez-Franco ◽  
Jairo R. Montoya-Torres ◽  
Luz Helena Mancera ◽  
Jaime Cabra
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Steel Industry

The Creative Destruction of the Chicago River Harbor: Spatial and Environmental Dimensions of Industrial Capitalism, 1881–1909

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-275
Author(s):  
Joshua A. T. Salzmann
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Chicago River ◽  
A Site

This essay examines the implications of rapid technological and economic change, or what economist Joseph Schumpeter called “creative destruction,” for the urban environment. Taking the Chicago River Harbor as a case study, it argues that industrial capitalism was marked by fundamental spatial and environmental contradictions that resulted in the frequent destruction and reinvention of urban landscapes. The essay shows how transformations in the Great Lakes shipping industry and the rise of the steel industry rendered Chicago River Harbor infrastructure obsolete. That obsolescence, in turn, sparked a public debate over whether the port should be retrofitted or if the river should be harnessed for different uses. So many stakeholders—streetcar companies, commuters, City Beautiful advocates, and sanitary engineers—had conflicting ideas about the use of the river that it was practically impossible to retrofit the port. The resulting decline of industrial freight traffic on the Chicago River enabled urban planner Daniel Burnham to reinvent the riverfront as a site of leisure and consumption.

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