Public health implications of the infection of egg-laying hens with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Health Implications

scholarly journals Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: a study involving naturally infected hens

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Humphrey ◽  
A. Baskerville ◽  
S. Mawer ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
S. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Egg Laying

SUMMARYTwo small flocks of egg-laying hens, naturally infected with Salmonella enteritidis. were housed in individual cages so that their eggs could be identified. During a longitudinal study where the contents of 1119 eggs were examined, 11 were positive for S. enteritidis. One isolate was phage type (PT) 33 the others were PT4. The production of infected eggs was clustered though intermittent. The positive eggs. which were produced by 10 of the 35 hens, were all found to contain fewer than 10 salmonellas. Some birds were also apparently carrying S. hadar PT14 as this organism was isolated from the contents of six Cracked eggs.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis in England and Wales: increases in unusual phage types in 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
L Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Phage Types

Although Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4, responsible for the major epidemic during the late 1980s and early 1990s (1), has continued to decline, there have been increases in a number of the more unusual phage types of S. Enteritidis (2). Isolates of S. Enteritidis PT 3, 6a, 13a and 14b and 21 confirmed by the Public Health Laboratory Service Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (PHLS LEP) in England have all increased during 2002 (table 1) (3).

Detection and Enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in Fresh and Stored Eggs Laid by Experimentally Infected Hens

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
C. W. BEARD
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refrigerator Temperature

Laying hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Eggs laid by the infected hens were collected daily between the 4th and 14th d postinoculation and randomly allocated into three groups. One group of eggs was sampled on the day of collection, one group was held for 7 d at 7.2°C before sampling, and one group was held for 7 d at 25°C before sampling. The frequency and level of detectable contamination of egg contents by SE were determined for each group. Only 3% of the freshly laid eggs and 4% of the eggs held for 7 d at refrigerator temperature were identified as having SE-contaminated contents, whereas SE was isolated from the contents of 16% of eggs held for 7 d at room temperature. Enumeration of SE in contaminated eggs indicated greater numbers of SE in eggs held for 7 d at 25°C than in eggs from the other two groups, although most contaminated eggs in all three groups contained relatively small numbers of SE (generally less than 10/ml and rarely exceeding 100/ml).

Salmonella Enteritidis Deposition in Eggs after Experimental Infection of Laying Hens with Different Oral Doses

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
RUPA GURAYA ◽  
JEAN GUARD
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Oral Doses

The continuing attribution of human Salmonella Enteritidis infections to internally contaminated eggs has necessitated the commitment of substantial public and private resources to Salmonella Enteritidis testing and control programs in commercial laying flocks. Cost-effective risk-reduction requires a detailed and comprehensive understanding of how Salmonella Enteritidis infections in hens result in deposition of the pathogen inside eggs. The present study sought to resolve some incompletely defined aspects of the relationship between Salmonella Enteritidis oral-exposure dose levels in experimentally infected laying hens and the frequency and location of subsequent egg contamination. In two trials, groups of specific-pathogen-free hens were experimentally inoculated with oral doses of 104, 106, or 108 CFU of a phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strain. Eggs were collected 5 to 23 days postinoculation, and the yolk and albumen of each egg were cultured separately to detect Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. Larger oral doses of Salmonella Enteritidis administered to hens were associated with significant increases in the frequencies of both yolk and albumen contamination. Moreover, Salmonella Enteritidis was found in the albumen of a far-higher proportion of contaminated eggs from hens given the largest dose than from the other two groups. Salmonella Enteritidis contamination was detected in 0.7% of yolk and 0.2% of albumen samples after inoculation of hens with 104 CFU, 4.0% of yolk and 1.7% of albumen samples after inoculation with 106 CFU, and 6.5% of yolk and 10.8% of albumen samples after inoculation with 108 CFU. These results demonstrate that oral-exposure doses of Salmonella Enteritidis for laying hens can significantly affect both the frequency and location of deposition of this pathogen inside eggs.

Pathologic and Bacteriologic Findings in 27-Week-Old Commercial Laying Hens Experimentally Infected with Salmonella enteritidis, Phage Type 4

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kinde ◽  
H. L. Shivaprasad ◽  
B. M. Daft ◽  
D. H. Read ◽  
A. Ardans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type

SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE 4 INFECTION OF BROILER CHICKENS: A HAZARD TO PUBLIC HEALTH

The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 334 (8660) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rampling ◽  
Rebecca Upson ◽  
LindaR. Ward ◽  
JaniceR. Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type

Influence of feeding patterns on the artificial infection of laying hens with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4

1993 ◽  
Vol 132 (16) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Humphrey ◽  
A. Baskerville ◽  
A. Whitehead ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
A. Henley
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Feeding Patterns

Airborne infection of laying hens with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4

1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (18) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baskerville ◽  
T. Humphrey ◽  
R. Fitzgeorge ◽  
R. Cook ◽  
H. Chart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Airborne Infection
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