scholarly journals Distinct expression patterns of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases during the germination of Solanaceous seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Petruzzelli ◽  
Kerstin Müller ◽  
Katrin Hermann ◽  
Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Solanaceous Species ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Micropylar Endosperm ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe expression patterns of β-1,3-glucanases (βGlu) and chitinases (Chn) were investigated during the seed germination of members of the Cestroideae (three Nicotiana species, Petunia hybrida) and the Solanoideae (Capsicum annuum, Physalis peruviana) subgroups of Solanaceous species. Rupture of the micropylar testa (seed coat) and rupture of the micropylar endosperm, i.e. radicle emergence, were distinct and temporally separate events during the germination of Cestroideae-type seeds. βGlu accumulation in imbibed Cestroideae-type seeds, occurring after testa rupture but prior to endosperm rupture, was inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) and promoted by gibberellins (GA) and light, in strict association with germination, and appeared to be caused by transcriptional regulation of the class I βGlu genes. The micropylar cap of Solanoideae-type seeds does not allow a distinction between testa and endosperm rupture, but βGlu accumulation occurred prior to radicle emergence of pepper and P. peruviana seeds. ABA inhibited endosperm rupture and βGlu accumulation in the micropylar cap of pepper seeds. In contrast to tomato, βGlu accumulation in pepper seeds was not only confined to the micropylar cap, was due to distinct, tissue-specific βGlu isoforms, and was not accompanied by Chn accumulation. In conclusion, ABA inhibition of germination and βGlu accumulation in the micropylar endosperm appears to be a widespread event during the seed germination of Solanaceous species. In contrast, accumulation of Chn and distinct βGlu isoforms in the embryo, prior to germination, appears to be a species-specific phenomenon within the Solanaceae. In addition, a post-germination co-induction of βGlu and Chn in the root of the emerged seedling was found in endospermic and non-endospermic species and could represent an evolutionarily conserved event during dicot seedling development.

Functions and regulation of β-1,3-glucanases during seed germination, dormancy release and after-ripening

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Class I ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Endosperm Weakening ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Micropylar Endosperm

Abstractβ-1,3-Glucanase (βGlu) expression in seeds plays important roles in the regulation of seed germination, dormancy and in the defence against seed pathogens. A thick β-1,3-glucan layer is typical for the seed envelope of cucurbitaceous species, confers seed semipermeability and is degraded during germination. In many species with coat-imposed dormancy, the seed envelope confers a physical constraint to radicle emergence. In the solanaceous species, the micropylar endosperm and testa have this function, and endosperm weakening appears to be a prerequisite for germination. Class I βGlu is transcriptionally induced in the micropylar endosperm of tobacco, tomato and other solanaceous seeds just prior to radicle emergence. βGlu induction and germination are tightly linked in response to plant hormones and environmental factors, e.g. they are both promoted by gibberellins and inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA). Sense and antisense transformation of tobacco reveals two sites of βGlu action: after-ripening-mediated release of testa-imposed dormancy and endosperm rupture during germination. The use of an ABA-inducible chimeric sense-transgene resulted in overexpression of class I βGlu in seeds and provided direct evidence that βGlu contributes to endosperm rupture. A model integrating βGlu, seed dormancy, after-ripening and germination is presented, and possible mechanisms for βGlu action are discussed. It is proposed that βGlu not only helps defend seeds against pathogens, but is also a key factor in regulating coat-imposed dormancy and germination of seeds in response to environmental and hormonal cues.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Rhythmic Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase mRNA Degradation Is Essential for the Maintenance of Its Circadian Oscillation

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 3232-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Don Kim ◽  
Jong-So Kim ◽  
Jong Heon Kim ◽  
Jihwan Myung ◽  
Hee-Don Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mrna Degradation ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Oscillatory Mechanism ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Mrna Profile ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

ABSTRACT Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase [AANAT]) is the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis regulated by circadian rhythm. To date, our understanding of the oscillatory mechanism of melatonin has been limited to autoregulatory transcriptional and posttranslational regulations of AANAT mRNA. In this study, we identify three proteins from pineal glands that associate with cis-acting elements within species-specific AANAT 3′ untranslated regions to mediate mRNA degradation. These proteins include heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNP R), hnRNP Q, and hnRNP L. Their RNA-destabilizing function was determined by RNA interference and overexpression approaches. Expression patterns of these factors in pineal glands display robust circadian rhythm. The enhanced levels detected after midnight correlate with an abrupt decline in AANAT mRNA level. A mathematical model for the AANAT mRNA profile and its experimental evidence with rat pinealocytes indicates that rhythmic AANAT mRNA degradation mediated by hnRNP R, hnRNP Q, and hnRNP L is a key process in the regulation of its circadian oscillation.

scholarly journals Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Siaka Dembélé ◽  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Adama Coulibaly ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Jonathan P. Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

scholarly journals Does polyembryony reduce seed germination and seedling development in Eriotheca pubescens (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)?

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1613-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clesnan Mendes-Rodrigues ◽  
Marli A. Ranal ◽  
Paulo E. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Development

scholarly journals Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains

AoB Plants ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risolandia Bezerra de Melo ◽  
Augusto César Franco ◽  
Clovis Oliveira Silva ◽  
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade ◽  
Cristiane Silva Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Development

Acorn characteristics, seed germination, seedling development, and leaf traits of three oak species from Talamanca, Costa Rica1

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco V. Gutiérrez-Soto ◽  
Susana Meoño-Piedra ◽  
Maritza Guerrero-Barrantes ◽  
Oscar J. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Seedling Development

scholarly journals Muskmelon seed germination and seedling development in response to seed priming

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley Marcos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Important factors affecting seed priming have not been extensively reported in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) studies. The optimization of the seed priming technique becomes very important at the commercial scale. Little information has been reported on seedling development of muskmelon subsequent to seed priming. Seeds of muskmelon were primed in darkness at 25°C in different solutions and three osmotic potentials. Seeds were also primed with and without aeration during different periods. In relation to osmotic solutions, an osmotic potential around -1.30 MPa is most adequate for muskmelon priming. Salt solutions gave better germination rate but were deleterious for seed germination, especially at higher osmotic potentials. Aeration of the soaking salt solution gave faster germination at 17°C, and because of the early germination, these treatments probably presented a better seedling development. Deleterious effect on total seed germination was observed for long soaking periods with aeration. Fungal growth increased on seeds primed in aerated solutions. Seeds from priming treatments had a better germination rate and seedling development under 17 and 25°C.

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