Home parenteral nutrition and the psyche: psychological challenges for patient and family

Julian Stern

doi:10.1079/pns2006497

Home parenteral nutrition and the psyche: psychological challenges for patient and family

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2006497 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 222-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Julian Stern

Keyword(s):

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

External Support ◽

Nutrition Service ◽

The Family ◽

Psychological Medicine ◽

Food And Feeding ◽

The Individual ◽

Family Setting

The paper discusses the case histories of three patients who have faced the emotional implications of being initiated onto long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). In each case the patient's personal and family history, relationship to their illness and the presence or relative absence of resentments and grievances have influenced their ability to tolerate the training and the transition to home PN (HPN). In addition, the emotional importance of food and feeding from a developmental and social perspective is explored, together with the numerous psychological and social ‘losses’ experienced by all patients on PN and the adaptations required within the family setting. The ‘meaning’ of PN to the individual and the need for both internal and external support are identified and, based on clinical experience, a number of features are described that may be indicative of the relative abilities of different patients to cope with HPN. Finally, the role of a dedicated Psychological Medicine Unit closely allied to a nutrition service is discussed.

Download Full-text

Family As a Factor of Socialization

Scientific Research and Development Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology ◽

10.12737/article_5b28cd9877d776.29088440 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Т. Серебрякова ◽

T. Serebryakova ◽

Л. Семенова ◽

L. Semenova ◽

В. Семенова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Development ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Talcott Parsons ◽

The Family ◽

Fundamental Research ◽

The Individual ◽

High Level ◽

Fundamental Values

The purpose of this article is to acquaint with the results of empirical understanding of the role of the family in the process of socialization of the individual. Application of the method of theoretical analysis allows to draw a conclusion about long — term and very steady interest of representatives of different branches of human knowledge to the most different aspects of a problem of socialization of the personality, including, — to the factors and conditions influencing success of socialization, at different levels of ontogenetic development of the personality. Fundamental research carried out by philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists (works by A. Adler, W. James, J. Math. Kelly, A. Maslow, J. Mead G. Allport, Talcott Parsons; V.L. Abushenko, B.G. Ananyeva, A.A. Bodalev, L.S. Vygotsky, A.G. Kovalev, I.S. Kon, A.F. Lazursky, V.N. Myasishchev, V.S. Mukhina, A.A. Reina, M.V. Roma, D.B. Elkonin, etc.), indicate that the process of formation of fundamental values and motivational attitudes as well as spiritual and moral sphere of the personality that are crucial for the process of socialization, carried out primarily in the family. The family is of particular importance for the socio-cultural development of children of early and preschool age. The study conducted by us objectively proved that only 40% of children who took part in the study have a high level of socio-cultural development. The majority of children of preschool age have the level of their socialization below the age standards and opportunities. Considering the socialization of the individual as a multifaceted process of integration of the individual and society, in the structure of socio-cultural development, we highlight the affective, cognitive and behavioral components and believe that their comprehensive study allows not only to draw an objective conclusion about the level of socio-cultural development of the subject, but also to design a developmental program aimed at effective socialization of the child in family education.

Download Full-text

CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL PREFERENCES IN PEDAGOGICAL DYNASTIES

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.04.02.021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

N. V. SHAMANIN ◽

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

The Family ◽

The Individual ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Parent Child Relationships ◽

Professional Preferences ◽

Parent Child

The article raises the issue of the relationship of parent-child relationships and professional preferences in pedagogical dynasties. Particular attention is paid to the role of the family in the professional development of the individual. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between parent-child relationships and professional preferences.

Download Full-text

The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies

10.1093/oso/9780198805434.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David M. Willumsen

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

Costs And Benefits ◽

Parliamentary Democracies ◽

Survey Questions ◽

Ideal Policy ◽

Central Argument ◽

The Individual ◽

Policy Incentives

The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.

Download Full-text

INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY OF CANDIDATES TO PARENTS IN SUBSTITUTE FAMILIES

Young Scientist ◽

10.32839/2304-5809/2020-11-87-11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (87) ◽

Author(s):

Elena Vishtalenko ◽

◽

Emma Andreasyan ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Foster Parents ◽

Foster Families ◽

The Family ◽

Role Of Parents ◽

Life Path ◽

The Individual ◽

High Level

Most researchers of socialization processes agree that the primary socialization carried out in the family is crucial. The phenomenon of the family was considered in terms of psychological, sociological, anthropological, philosophical, biological and cultural approaches. Now the question of surrogacy is being studied in terms of the psychology of the life path of the individual; as manifestations of the meaning of life, will, responsibility; as a world of the subjective, where is always something more. Many scientists pay attention to the methodology, organization, functioning of foster families; the problems of lifestyle of orphan children in general, and in particular – in a professionally foster family. Scientists have considered the motivation of the adopted child into the family and some socio-psychological characteristics of parents. However, there are almost no studies of some individual-typological features that dysfunctionally affect family relationships, although these features may be the reason for the denial of the family's ability to be a substitute. The relevance of the study is due to the need of supplement the structural and semantic components of the psychological diagnosis of potential parents in foster families. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the Odessa Regional Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth, a territorial division of the Odessa Regional State Administration. In testing took a part about 30 applicants for foster parents. With the help of Individual-typological questionnaire LM Sobchyk (ITO) there was created an average statistical portrait of candidates for the role of parents in foster families. They are characterized by a high level of extraversion (48.6%); average level of rigidity (82.9%), aggression (54.3%), anxiety (82.9%), introversion (71.5%), lability (74.3%), sensitivity (62.9%), spontaneity (60%). All these qualities positively characterize all members of the sample and confirm their reliability as potential parents in foster families. These conclusions can be used by psychologists in the selection of candidates for the role of foster parents in foster families, as well as in psychological counseling.

Download Full-text

The Things that Help, the Things that Get in the Way: Working Together to Improve Outcome Following Acquired Brain Injury

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1017/brimp.2018.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 258-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacinta M. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Life Changes ◽

Major Life ◽

The Family ◽

Working Together ◽

The Impact ◽

The Way

Working in neurological rehabilitation brings with it numerous opportunities to gain an understanding of the factors that contribute to shaping meaningful living and wellbeing for those tackling the major life changes encountered following acquired brain injury (ABI). These opportunities come in many forms: challenging and brave clients, wise and worrying families, questioning and inspiring colleagues, empowering and limiting work environments and rigid and advancing policy and legislative contexts.Our personal and collective understanding ofthe things that helpandthe things that get in the wayof effective rehabilitation continuously emerges from the convergence of the experience and knowledge afforded by these opportunities. The aim of this paper is to considerthe things that helpandthe things that get in the wayas they have been identified by people with ABI, their families and those who work with them and have been further evidenced through research targeted towards improving short, medium and long-term outcomes for those living with the consequences of ABI. Thesethingsas discussed in this paper capture the essential role of the self, the importance of rights and access to rehabilitation, the impact of the family and the contribution of social connection.

Download Full-text

Cognition in construction grammar: Connecting individual and community grammars

Cognitive Linguistics ◽

10.1515/cog-2019-0023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 309-337

Author(s):

Lynn Anthonissen

Keyword(s):

Language Change ◽

Linguistic Knowledge ◽

Small Individual ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

Term Change ◽

Language User ◽

The Individual ◽

Linguistic Behavior

AbstractThis paper examines, on the basis of a longitudinal corpus of 50 early modern authors, how change at the aggregate level of the community interacts with variation and change at the micro-level of the individual language user. In doing so, this study aims to address the methodological gap between collective change and entrenchment, that is, the gap between language as a social phenomenon and the cognitive processes responsible for the continuous reorganization of linguistic knowledge in individual speakers. Taking up the case of the prepositional passive, this study documents a strong community-wide increase in use that is accompanied by increasing schematicity. A comparison of the 50 authors reveals that regularities arising at the macro-level conceal highly complex and variable individual behavior, aspects of which may be explained by studying the larger (social) context in which these individuals operate (e. g., age cohorts, community of practice, biographical insights). Further analysis, focusing on how authors use the prepositional passive in unique and similar ways, elucidates the role of small individual biases in long-term change. Overall, it is demonstrated that language change is an emergent phenomenon that results from the complex interaction between individual speakers, who themselves may change their linguistic behavior to varying degrees.

Download Full-text

Junior Scholars in Search of Equity for Women and Minorities

Journalism & Communication Monographs ◽

10.1177/152263790500600402 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 151-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramona R. Rush ◽

Carol E. Oukrop ◽

Katharine Sarikakis ◽

Julie Andsager ◽

Billy Wooten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Communication ◽

Mass Communications ◽

Promotion And Tenure ◽

Unequal Treatment ◽

The Status ◽

Academic Units ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Individual

This paper reflects upon the 2002 report on the status of women in journalism and mass communications education that updated and expanded the 1972 study by senior authors Rush and Oukrop. Survey data from the 1972 and the 2002 studies are compared in a highlights section. The focus of this monograph is on the demographic group of “junior scholars” from the 2002 database. It argues that the majority of junior scholars perceive discrimination in several aspects of academic life, including the processes of hiring, promotion, and tenure. The major area of discrimination reported is salary, although rewards other than financial are also subject to unequal treatment. Furthermore, junior scholars are still confronted with centuries-old prejudices that define the role of women as caretakers and impose that role upon them, with effects on women's professional development. The working conditions in the academy are finally reflected in the research outcomes and knowledge produced. The 2002 study report demonstrates that 30 years later women still perceive discrimination. Women and minorities have made great strides in the national organization, the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), but discrimination remains a significant issue in the individual academic units of universities. This monograph argues that the Ratio of Recurrent and Reinforced Residuum (R3) consistently fits data about women in journalism and mass communication both in the academy and in media professions around the world. This paper includes reflections and comments of younger scholars currently at different stages on the academic ladder and makes recommendations for short and long-term actions that new scholars, academic units, and communications organizations should take to help correct inequality.

Download Full-text

Journeys From Addiction to Recovery

Research and Theory for Nursing Practice ◽

10.1891/1541-6577.22.4.256 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 256-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mary Hansen ◽

Barbara Ganley ◽

Chris Carlucci

Keyword(s):

Transformative Learning ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

New Combination ◽

Transtheoretical Model Of Change ◽

Behavior Support ◽

The Road ◽

The Family ◽

The Individual ◽

Recovering Addicts

Addiction affects us all. It has wide-reaching consequences for the individual, the family, and society as a whole. This article attempts to assist providers and addicts in understanding the road to recovery. Transformation from addiction to recovery is best explained by recovering addicts themselves. In this qualitative study, nine participants describe their experiences with long-term recovery. The transtheoretical model of change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) was combined with Mezirow’s (1997) transformative learning theory to structure a framework that highlights the transition of these individuals as they moved from addiction to recovery. This new combination model can be used to anticipate behavior, support, and encourage patients in the change from active addiction to a healthier lifestyle without drugs and alcohol.

Download Full-text

Novel Astroviruses in Insectivorous Bats

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00857-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 82 (18) ◽

pp. 9107-9114 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

D. K. W. Chu ◽

L. L. M. Poon ◽

Y. Guan ◽

J. S. M. Peiris

Keyword(s):

Virus Detection ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Insectivorous Bats ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Human Astroviruses ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Family ◽

Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT Bats are increasingly recognized to harbor a wide range of viruses, and in most instances these viruses appear to establish long-term persistence in these animals. They are the reservoir of a number of human zoonotic diseases including Nipah, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. We report the identification of novel groups of astroviruses in apparently healthy insectivorous bats found in Hong Kong, in particular, bats belonging to the genera Miniopterus and Myotis. Astroviruses are important causes of diarrhea in many animal species, including humans. Many of the bat astroviruses form distinct phylogenetic clusters in the genus Mamastrovirus within the family Astroviridae. Virus detection rates of 36% to 100% and 50% to 70% were found in Miniopterus magnater and Miniopterus pusillus bats, respectively, captured within a single bat habitat during four consecutive visits spanning 1 year. There was high genetic diversity of viruses in bats found within this single habitat. Some bat astroviruses may be phylogenetically related to human astroviruses, and further studies with a wider range of bat species in different geographic locations are warranted. These findings are likely to provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of astroviruses and reinforce the role of bats as a reservoir of viruses with potential to pose a zoonotic threat to human health.

Download Full-text