scholarly journals Physical activity and resting metabolic rate

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Speakman ◽  
Colin Selman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Daily Energy

The direct effects of physical activity interventions on energy expenditure are relatively small when placed in the context of total daily energy demands. Hence, the suggestion has been made that exercise produces energetic benefits in other components of the daily energy budget, thus generating a net effect on energy balance much greater than the direct energy cost of the exercise alone. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the largest component of the daily energy budget in most human societies and, therefore, any increases in RMR in response to exercise interventions are potentially of great importance. Animal studies have generally shown that single exercise events and longer-term training produce increases in RMR. This effect is observed in longer-term interventions despite parallel decreases in body mass and fat mass. Flight is an exception, as both single flights and long-term flight training induce reductions in RMR. Studies in animals that measure the effect of voluntary exercise regimens on RMR are less commonly performed and do not show the same response as that to forced exercise. In particular, they indicate that exercise does not induce elevations in RMR. Many studies of human subjects indicate a short-term elevation in RMR in response to single exercise events (generally termed the excess post-exercise O2 consumption; EPOC). This EPOC appears to have two phases, one lasting 2 h and a smaller much more prolonged effect lasting up to 48 h. Many studies have shown that long-term training increases RMR, but many other studies have failed to find such effects. Data concerning long-term effects of training are potentially confounded by some studies not leaving sufficient time after the last exercise bout for the termination of the long-term EPOC. Long-term effects of training include increases in RMR due to increases in lean muscle mass. Extreme interventions, however, may induce reductions in RMR, in spite of the increased lean tissue mass, similar to the changes observed in animals in response to flight.

The Influence of Self-rated Health on the Development of Change in the Level of Physical Activity for Participants in Prescribed Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Thomas Bredahl ◽  
John Singhammer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The Influence of Self-rated Health on the Development of Change in the Level of Physical Activity for Participants in Prescribed Exercise Background: Knowledge is needed concerning whether intense prescribed exercise interventions are effective in regards to long term effects on physical activity levels. A successful and lasting outcome of a behaviour-change intervention is believed to be contingent on the inclusion of psychological issues such as self-rated quality of life and self-rated health. This study extends previous research conducted on the long-term influence of prescribed exercise on psychosocial issues. Specifically, it was hypothesized that participants' level of self-rated health (good or poor) at baseline was decisive for level of physical activity in the long term. Methods: This study is based on a secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental study of the impact of counseling on level of physical activity. The study included a baseline analysis of participants in a treatment group (TG) and follow-up after 4, 10 and 16 months. The TG included individuals with lifestyle diseases who followed supervised group-based training and received motivational counselling. The TG was divided into "good" and "poor" self-rated health at baseline. Linear growth curve analyses (multilevel linear regression) were used to examine the data. Results: The results yielded a statistical significant difference of 1.71 metabolic equivalents (MET) between participants with good versus poor health at baseline. Also, a difference of MET was observed at 10 months. MET increased by 0.85 units for participants with good self-rated health (SE = 0.094) from baseline to 16 months, though the increase between subsequent points in time was small and non-significant. In contrast, considerably more variation in the development of MET over time was observed among participants with poor self-rated health. Overall, MET increased by 2.53 units across the whole time span. Results were influenced by the overall proportion of drop-out for participants with good and poor self-rated health with values of 28% and 79%, respectively. Conclusions: Exercise on Prescription (EoP) improves levels of physical activity (MET) of participants with good and poor self-rated health in the long term enough to accommodate national guidelines of levels of physical activity. Participants with poor self-rated health will improve their level of physical activity to a clinical relevant level in the long term, if they manage to stay compliant during the observation period. An assessment of good and poor self-rated health supplemented by a discussion of psychical and physical domains of self-rated health as barriers by the general practitioner (GP), could possibly enhance compliance and thereby long-term adherence to physical activity.

scholarly journals Early nutrition and phenotypic development: ‘catch-up’ growth leads to elevated metabolic rate in adulthood

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1642) ◽  
pp. 1565-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Criscuolo ◽  
Pat Monaghan ◽  
Lubna Nasir ◽  
Neil B Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Adult Body Mass ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is responsible for up to 50% of total energy expenditure, and so should be under strong selection pressure, yet it shows extensive intraspecific variation and a low heritability. Environmental conditions during growth are thought to have long-term effects through ‘metabolic programming’. Here we investigate whether nutritional conditions early in life can alter RMR in adulthood, and whether this is due to growth acceleration or the change in diet quality that prompts it. We manipulated dietary protein levels during the main growth period of zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) such that an episode of poor nutrition occurred with and without growth acceleration. This produced different growth trajectories but a similar adult body mass. Only the diet that induced growth acceleration resulted in a significant (19%) elevation of RMR at adulthood, despite all the birds having been on the same diet after the first month. This is the first study to show that dietary-induced differences in growth trajectories can have a long-term effect on adult metabolic rate. It suggests that modification of metabolic efficiency may be one of the mechanisms mediating the observed long-term costs of accelerated growth, and indicates links between early nutrition and the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER PARTICIPANTS FROM THE MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT STUDY (MACS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S549-S549
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Schrack ◽  
Todd T Brown ◽  
Joseph B Margolick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lower Physical Activity

Abstract Energy utilization becomes more inefficient with age and is linked to low physical activity and functional decline. Persons aging with HIV exhibit accelerated functional decline, but the effect of chronic HIV infection on energy utilization and free-living physical activity remains unclear. We investigated cross-sectional associations between age and: resting metabolic rate, peak walking energy (VO2), and 7-day physical activity by accelerometry in 100 men in the MACS (age: 60.8+/-6.8 years, 35% black, 46.1% HIV+, 94% virally suppressed). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, BMI, race, chronic conditions, and HIV viral load, HIV+ men had a higher resting metabolic rate (β=103.2 kcals/day, p=0.03) and lower peak walking VO2 (β=-1.8 ml/kg/min, p<0.02) than HIV- men. Moreover, HIV+ men demonstrated lower physical activity, overall and by time of day (p<0.05). These results suggest that energy utilization differs by HIV serostatus, which may contribute to lower physical activity and function with aging.

Determination of total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and physical activity in lean and overweight people

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thielecke ◽  
J. Möseneder ◽  
A. Kroke ◽  
K. Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
H. Boeing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight People

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Purcell ◽  
Ryan J. Marker ◽  
Marc-Andre Cornier ◽  
Edward L. Melanson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass

Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment. Longitudinal studies suggest that BCS reduce self-reported energy intake and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Although some evidence suggests that resting metabolic rate is higher in BCS than in age-matched controls, no study has measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in this population. Whether physical activity levels are altered in BCS is unclear, but evidence suggests that light-intensity physical activity is lower in BCS compared to age-matched controls. We also discuss the mechanisms through which estrogen suppression may impact energy balance and develop a theoretical framework of dietary intake and TDEE interactions in BCS. Preclinical and human experimental studies indicate that estrogen suppression likely elicits increased energy intake and decreased TDEE, although this has not been systematically investigated in BCS specifically. Estrogen suppression may modulate energy balance via alterations in appetite, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity. There are several potential areas for future mechanistic energetic research in BCS (e.g., characterizing predictors of intervention response, appetite, dynamic changes in energy balance, and differences in cancer sub-types) that would ultimately support the development of more targeted and personalized behavioral interventions.

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