scholarly journals Calcium and protein in bone health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bess Dawson-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Impact

Dietary protein has several opposing effects on Ca balance and its net effect on bone is not well established. It has long been recognized that increasing protein intake increases urinary Ca excretion. More recently, it has been observed that increasing dietary protein raises the circulating level of insulin-like growth factor-1, a growth factor that promotes osteoblast formation and bone growth. Other effects of protein on the Ca economy have been suggested in some studies, but they are less well established. Several studies have examined associations between protein intake and bone loss and fracture rates. In the original Framingham cohort subjects with lower total and animal protein intakes had greater rates of bone loss from the femoral neck and spine than subjects consuming more protein. In another study higher total (and animal) protein intakes were associated with a reduced incidence of hip fractures in post-menopausal women. In contrast, a high animahplant protein intake has been associated with greater bone loss from the femoral neck and a greater risk of hip fracture in older women. Higher total and higher animal protein intakes have also been associated with increased risk of forearm fracture in younger post-menopausal women. In a recent study it was found that increasing dietary protein was associated with a favourable (positive) change in bone mineral density of the femoral neck and total body in subjects taking supplemental calcium citrate malate with vitamin D, but not in those taking placebo. The possibility that Ca intake may influence the impact of dietary protein on the skeleton warrants further investigation.

Reversal of adverse effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on bone turnover in pre- and post-menopausal women with zoledronic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 556-556
Author(s):  
R. Aft ◽  
M. Naughton ◽  
K. Trinkuas ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
K. Weilbaecher
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Turnover Markers ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Impact

556 Background: Ovarian failure secondary to adjuvant chemotherapy is known to have an adverse effect on bone mineral density and to increase bone turnover markers. The effects of chemotherapy with growth factor support in the absence of hormonal changes have not been described. The impact of zoledronic acid on these changes was also explored. Methods: We evaluated bone turnover markers in 82 women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for localized stage II/III breast cancer at initial diagnosis prior to treatment and after 4 cycles of epirubicin (75mg/m2)-docetaxel (75mg/m2) with pegylated G-CSF support with or without zoledronic acid. 47% of patients were post-menopausal and all groups were balanced for other variables. Women were randomized to receive zoledronic acid 4 mg IV every 3 weeks concurrently with chemotherapy (n=41) versus no bisphosphonate treatment (n=41). Bone turnover markers included: urinary N-telopeptide (NTx), serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP)and osteocalcin (OSTEO). Results: Women, regardless of menopausal status, who received no bisphosphonate had statistically significant increases in NTx, from baseline after 3 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using multivariable mixed repeated measures (p=0.0213). Women who received zoledronic acid concurrently with neoadjuvant chemotherapy had statistically significant decreases in NTx (p<0.0001), BAP (p<0.0001) and OSTEO (p=0.0295) from baseline. This is the first demonstration that anthracycline-taxane chemotherapy with growth factor support increased bone turnover markers in both post-menopausal and pre-menopausal women independent of hormone therapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anthracycline- taxane and growth factor support increased bone resorption markers in both post-menopausal and pre-menopausal women. Zoledronic acid given concurrently with each cycle of chemotherapy reversed this increase in bone turnover markers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Brisk Walking Reduces Calcaneal Bone Loss in Post-Menopausal Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Brooke-Wavell ◽  
Peter R. M. Jones ◽  
Adrianne E. Hardman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

1. This study examined the influence of brisk walking on skeletal status in post-menopausal women. 2. Subjects were 84 healthy women aged 60–70 years who were previously sedentary and at least 5 years post-menopausal. Subjects were randomly assigned to walking (n = 43) and control (n = 41) groups. Walkers followed a 12-month, largely unsupervised programme of brisk walking. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and calcaneus and broadband ultrasonic attention of the calcaneus were measured at baseline and after 12 months. 3. Forty control subjects and 38 walkers completed the study. Walkers built up to 20.4 ± 3.8 min/day (mean ± SD) of brisk walking. Body mass increased in control subjects relative to walkers [mean change (SE) ± 0.9 (0.3) and −0.1 (0.3) kg respectively; P = 0.04]. Predicted maximum oxygen uptake increased in walkers by 2.1 (0.9) ml min−1 kg−1 (P = 0.02). Bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and calcaneus fell in control subjects [–0.005 (0.004) and −0.010 (0.004) g/cm2, respectively] but not in walkers [+0.006 (0.004) and +0.001 (0.004) g/cm2]. The difference in response between groups was significant in the calcaneus (P = 0.04) but not in the lumbar spine (P = 0.08). Mean femoral neck bone mineral density did not change significantly in either group, although changes in walkers were related to the amount of walking completed (r = 0.51, P = 0.001). The change in broadband ultrasonic attenuation of the calcaneus differed between groups [control subjects, −3.7 (0.8); walkers, −0.7 (0.8) dB/MHz; P = 0.01]. 4. Walking decreased bone loss in the calcaneus and possibly in the lumbar spine. It also improved functional capacity and enabled walkers to avoid the increase in body mass seen in control subjects.

The archaeology of osteoporosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Turner-Walker ◽  
Unni Syversen ◽  
Simon Mays
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Uk

The application of medical scanning technologies to archaeological skeletons provides novel insights into the history and potential causes of osteoporosis. The present study investigated bone mineral density (BMD) in medieval skeletons from England and Norway. Comparisons between the two adult populations found no statistically significant differences. This compares with a modern fracture incidence for the femoral neck in women from Norway that is almost three times that in the UK. The pattern of age-related bone loss in medieval men was similar to that seen in men today. In contrast, the pattern in medieval women differed from that of modern young women. On average, medieval women experienced a decrease in BMD at the femoral neck of approximately 23 per cent between the ages of 22 and 35. These losses were partially recovered by age 45, after which BMD values show a decline consistent with post-menopausal bone loss in modern western women. A possible explanation of the rapid decline in BMD in young medieval women is bone loss in connection with pregnancy and lactation in circumstances of insufficient nutrition.

scholarly journals Association of total protein intake with bone mineral density and bone loss in men and women from the Framingham Offspring Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2570-2576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
Kerry E Broe ◽  
Katherine L Tucker ◽  
Robert R McLean ◽  
Douglas P Kiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo examine (i) the association of percentage of total energy intake from protein (protein intake %) with bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and bone loss at the femoral neck, trochanter and lumbar spine (L2–L4) and (ii) Ca as an effect modifier.SettingThe Framingham Offspring Study.SubjectsMen (n 1280) and women (n 1639) completed an FFQ in 1992–1995 or 1995–1998 and underwent baseline BMD measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1996–2000. Men (n 495) and women (n 680) had follow-up BMD measured in 2002–2005.DesignCohort study using multivariable regression to examine the association of protein intake % with each BMD, adjusting for covariates. Statistical interaction between protein intake % and Ca (total, dietary, supplemental) intake was examined.ResultsThe mean age at baseline was 61 (sd 9) years. In the cross-sectional analyses, protein intake % was positively associated with all BMD sites (P range: 0·02–0·04) in women but not in men. Significant interactions were observed with total Ca intake (<800 mg/d v. ≥800 mg/d) in women at all bone sites (P range: 0·002–0·02). Upon stratification, protein intake % was positively associated with all BMD sites (P range: 0·04–0·10) in women with low Ca intakes but not in those with high Ca intakes. In the longitudinal analyses, in men, higher protein intake % was associated with more bone loss at the trochanter (P = 0·01) while no associations were seen in women, regardless of Ca intake.ConclusionsThis suggests that greater protein intake benefits women especially those with lower Ca intakes. However, protein effects are not significant for short-term changes in bone density. Contrastingly, in men, higher protein intakes lead to greater bone loss at the trochanter. Longer follow-up is required to examine the impact of protein on bone loss.

Pamidronate Therapy for One Year after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (AlloBMT) Reduces Bone Loss from the Lumbar Spine, Femoral Neck and Total Hip.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Grigg ◽  
Peter Shuttleworth ◽  
John Reynolds ◽  
Jeff Szer ◽  
Anthony P. Schwarer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We and others have demonstrated that substantial loss of bone mineral density (BMD) is very common following alloBMT, in part due to prolonged use of glucocorticoids. Intravenous (IV) pamidronate is a potent bisphosphonate with efficacy in preventing glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in the non-BMT setting. 116 alloBMT recipients were randomised at 5 institutions to receive pamidronate 90mg IV monthly from day-7 to one year post-transplant (n=63) or no pamidronate (n=53) in an open label, prospective, controlled trial. All patients received oral vitamin D and calcium supplements and all women also received hormone therapy with an oestrogen and progestin. The primary end-point was the reduction in bone loss from the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip at 12 months post BMT. Age, sex and conditioning regimen (total body irradiation versus chemotherapy only) were not significantly different between the groups. 37 patients were not evaluable, predominantly due to early death (n=29) or protocol violations (n=4). Significant reductions in BMD loss at 12 months were seen in all 3 evaluated sites in patients treated with pamidronate. Site No pamidronate Pamidronate p value n % change* n % change* *percentage change in BMD at 12 months Lumbar Spine 28 −3.77 46 2.53 <.0001 Femoral neck 27 −9.33 45 2.82 <.0001 Total Hip 23 −8.35 38 −3.32 .0072 There were no significant differences in the 12-month changes associated with age class (<30, 30–40, 40–50, >50 years) or sex. In preliminary analyses of steroid dose subgroups, statistically significant improvements in BMD loss were found in patients whose average daily equivalent prednisolone dosage in the first six months post transplant was i) >25mg for all sites and ii) 10–25mg daily for the lumbar spine. We conclude that prophylactic pamidronate significantly reduces bone loss from the spine and hip after alloBMT. The impact on clinically relevant endpoints such as the subsequent incidence of fractures and avascular necrosis in these patients will determine the utility of this intervention.

scholarly journals Change in Bone Mineral Density in Post Menopausal Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Aghaei ◽  
Sima Sedighi ◽  
Naser Behnampour ◽  
Sharabeh Hezarkhani ◽  
Mona Shirashiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Post Menopausal

Introduction: Low bone mass is a serious complication of post menopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. We determined the Change in Bone Mineral Density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on consecutive postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis who were referred to the Azar 5th teaching hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, North of Iran in 2009. The required data were gathered from the patients’ medical records. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests. Results: We studied 98 postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Mean number of years since menopause and mean duration of disease were 9.39 and 5.13 respectively. T Score mean in femoral neck and lumbar spines was -1.45±1.26 and -2.45±1.44 respectively. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis at both the lumbar spine and femoral neck was 13.3. We have found a significant correlation between age, duration of disease, duration of menopause and bone mineral density (P-Value<0.01). Conlusion: Our results indicate a negative effect of age, number of years since menopause and duration of disease on bone mineral density. So, BMD should be measured in high risk women prior to the implementation of any treatment or prevention program. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April’13 Page 158-163 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14944

scholarly journals The Impact of the “Osteo” Component of Osteosarcopenia on Fragility Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Yen-Huai Lin ◽  
Yu-Tai Shih ◽  
Michael Mu Huo Teng
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
T Score ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Impact

Osteosarcopenia, the coexistence of bone and muscle loss, is common in older adults, but its definition lacks international consensus. This cross-sectional study (n = 1199 post-menopausal women) aimed to determine the association between osteosarcopenia and fragility fractures and to investigate the impact of the definition of the “osteo” component. Bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the trabecular bone score (TBS), respectively. The “osteo” component of osteosarcopenia was classified as osteoporosis (T-score ≤ −2.5 SD), osteopenia/osteoporosis (T-score < −1 SD), and high-fracture-risk osteopenia (−2.5 SD < T-score < −1 SD)/osteoporosis (T-score ≤ −2.5 SD). The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool was used to identify high-fracture-risk osteopenia. Altogether, 30.3%, 32.2%, 14.4%, and 23.1% of participants had osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis alone, sarcopenia alone, and neither condition, respectively. The odds ratios between osteosarcopenia and fragility fractures were 3.70 (95% CI: 1.94–7.04) for osteosarcopenia, 2.48 (95% CI: 1.30–4.71) for osteoporosis alone, and 1.87 (95% CI: 0.84–4.14) for sarcopenia alone. Women with osteosarcopenia also had lower TBS, indicating worse bone microarchitecture. In conclusion, women with osteosarcopenia were more likely to have previously sustained a fracture compared to those without osteosarcopenia, with sarcopenia alone, and with osteoporosis alone. The relationship between osteosarcopenia and fracture risk may be best identified when considering high-fracture-risk osteopenia and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study to assess bone mineral density and its association with contributing factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in selected villages of District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Garg ◽  
Viji Mol G. ◽  
Deepika Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Development of peak bone mass and premenopausal bone loss is determined by the menstrual status of women. Decline in bone mass with age becomes accelerated during menopause. Menopausal bone loss refers to the accelerated bone loss that occurs during the BM) of premenopausal and post-menopausal women, to identify the contributing factors associated with BMD among pre and post-menopausal women, to compare the level of BMD and the contributing factors of pre-menopausal women with post-menopausal women.Methods: It was quantative research approach and epidemiological analytic research design was used. Total enumeration technique was adopted in this study.Results: Analysis of data was done in accordance with the objectives of the study. Findings show that among premenopausal women 45.10% of the women had osteopenia and 8.20% of the women had osteoporosis, among postmenopausal women 50.00% of the women had oestriopenic and 41.2% of the women had osteoporosis. The analysis shows that factors such as BMI, Health status, life style, age, economic status and dietary patter plays important role to accelerate the level of T-score more than -1 in both group either premenopausal women or post-menopausal women. It shows the significance at the level of p<0.001.Conclusions: The study was completed in July 2016, concludes that there are many factors that can lead to have risk of osteoporosis related fracture. As age is increased the risk is also increased to get the fracture. Every woman can go for screening of BMD test to control the risk of fracture.

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