scholarly journals Salivary antioxidants and periodontal disease status

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean V. Sculley ◽  
Simon C. Langley-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
High Degree

Periodontal disease is a common chronic adult condition. The bacteriumPorphyromonas gingivalishas been implicated in the aetiology of this disease, which causes destruction of the connective tissue and bone around the root area of the tooth. It has been observed that invadingP. gingivalisbacteria trigger the release of cytokines such as interleukin 8 and tumour necrosis factor α, leading to elevated numbers and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN). As a result of stimulation by bacterial antigens, PMN produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst as part of the host response to infection. Patients with periodontal disease display increased PMN number and activity. It has been suggested that this proliferation results in a high degree of ROS release, culminating in heightened oxidative damage to gingival tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Antioxidant constituents in plasma have been well-documented, being chiefly ascorbate, albumin and urate, and these are known to display sensitivity to dietary antioxidant intakes. The concentration of antioxidants in saliva does not appear to mirror those of plasma. The extent of dietary influence upon salivary antioxidant status is unclear. Urate is the predominant salivary antioxidant, with albumin and ascorbate providing minor contributions. Previous research has found reduced salivary antioxidant activity in patients suffering from periodontal disease. An improved understanding of the role antioxidants play in periodontitis, and the influence of nutrition on antioxidant status, may lead to a possible nutritional strategy for the treatment of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals 2577. Periodontal Disease and the Oral Microbiome in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S895-S896
Author(s):  
Brianna K Meeks ◽  
Jen Barb ◽  
Sarah E Mudra ◽  
Narjis Kazmi ◽  
Ralph T S Tuason, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Abstract Background Periodontal disease results from a polymicrobial infection composed of pathogenic bacteria that colonize the oral cavity, resulting in loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis can increase the risk or exacerbate other comorbidities. Alcohol use increases the risk of periodontitis, but there is little knowledge about periodontitis among people who misuse alcohol. Methods As part of a larger oral and gut microbiome study, this analysis examines the oral microbiome in the occurrence and severity of periodontitis among alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects undergoing a 28-day inpatient alcohol treatment program. Tongue brushings were collected from 22 subjects within the first week of admission, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. All subjects had a dental examination during the inpatient stay. This analysis divided periodontal disease status into three major groups–no disease, mild or moderate disease, and severe disease. One-way ANOVA was used to compare microbial genera across the 3 groups. Results Nineteen (86%) of the subjects had periodontitis: 16 had mild or moderate disease, and 3 had severe disease. Statistically different microbial genera in at least one of the three groups (P ≤ 0.05 corresponding to FDR ≤ 0.25) that had a relative abundance of at least 0.5% include: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Treponema. Surprisingly, the subjects with no periodontitis had increased abundances of genera that are often pathogens, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus. Subjects with severe periodontitis had increased abundances of known pathogens Treponema and Parvimonas, as well as Lactobacillus, which has been associated with dental caries. Conclusion We observed that periodontitis accompanies chronic AD, given that 86% of our subjects had the disease. While some microbiome differences for individuals with and without periodontitis were not consistent with the existing literature, this may have many explanations. Future studies should consider how chronic AD could change the microbial ecology of the mouth and lead to further infection as well as utilizing multiple oral sites and a larger sample size to better understand the relationship between AD and periodontal disease. Intramural funds from NIH Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Periodontal evaluation using a non-invasive imaging method (ultrasonography)

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. S20-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Chifor ◽  
Alexandru Florin Badea ◽  
Ioana Chifor ◽  
Delia-Alexandrina Mitrea ◽  
Maria Crisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Non Invasive

The periodontal disease and gingival bleeding are highly prevalent in the adult population worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) data shows that 90–100% of the 34-year-old adults present gingival inflammation. Therefore, an investigation method is required to allow the assessment of the periodontal disease as well as the monitoring of the evolution of the gingival inflammation after periodontal treatments. Non-invasive and operator-independent methods for periodontal examination are necessary for diagnosing and monitoring the periodontal disease. The periodontal ultrasonography is a reliable technique for visualizing the anatomical elements which are necessary to diagnose the periodontal status. Using this imaging technique the dentino-enamel junction, the cortical bone, the radicular surface from the crown to the alveolar bone, the gingival tissue can be seen without interfering with those elements during the examination. Also, calculus visualization is possible before and after scaling in order to evaluate the quality of the treatment. Using 2D ultrasonography is not feasible in dental practice as it requires extensive experience and is also time consuming. The reproducibility of the 2D slices is very difficult in order to have the possibility to compare different investigations efficiently. 3D reconstructions of the periodontal tissue can be a very good alternative to eliminate the operator dependence. Ultrasonography allows the practitioner to visualize the anatomic elements involved in making a periodontal diagnosis. It also allows tracking of subsequent changes. This method is not commonly used for periodontal examination and further studies are required. Previous studies show that ultrasonography can be a reliable non-invasive method to diagnose and monitor the periodontal disease.

PERIODONTAL DISEASE STATUS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND TREATMENT NEEDS OF PREGNANT WOMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Thien Nguyen Duc ◽  
Tai Tran Tan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Periodontal disease is a prominent and important issue of public health, especially in pregnant women. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics; learn knowledge, attitudes, practice oral hygiene and assess the need for treatment of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 210 pregnant women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Clinical examination and interview questions on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral care for all subjects. Results: The incidence of gingivitis was 100%, with mild gingivitis of 4,3% and moderate gingivitis of 95.7%. There was a difference in incidence rates of gingivitis in the gestational period (p<0.001). The incidence of periodontitis is 17.6% and there is no difference in gestational age (p>0.05). The mean values of GI and BOP indices differed by gestation period (p<0.05) and PD, OHI-S, PlI have statistically significant relationship with gestation period (p>0.05). The incidence of periodontal disease is 80.5%; The percentage of pregnant women who abstain from brushing their teeth after birth is 61.4%. Prevalence of brushing once a day: 7.1%; Twice a day: 70.5% and 3 times daily: 22.4%; The mean values of GI, PD, BOP, OHI-S and PlI were inversely proportional to the number of brushing (p<0.001). The rate of dental hygiene is just 3.3%; The rate of oral hygiene, dental plaque and plaque removal was 94,3%; The proportion of subjects required for intensive treatment is 2.4%. Conclusion: Periodontal disease, especially for pregnant women, is high. It is necessary to educate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of proper oral hygiene and to better meet the demand for periodontal disease treatment for pregnant women. Key words: Periodontal disease, pregnant women, knowledge, attitude, practice for oral hygiene, treatment needs

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Periodontal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Mikihito Kajiya ◽  
Hidemi Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent human infectious diseases, is characterized by chronic inflammatory tissue destruction of the alveolar bone and the connective tissues supporting the tooth [...]

Febuxostat Attenuates the Progression of Periodontitis in Rats

Pharmacology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Naseratun Nessa ◽  
Miyuki Kobara ◽  
Hiroe Toba ◽  
Tetsuya Adachi ◽  
Toshiro Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Periodontitis is a lifestyle-related disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation in gingival tissue. Febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Objective: The present study investigated the effects of febuxostat on periodontitis in a rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, periodontitis, and febuxostat-treated periodontitis groups. Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature wire around the 2nd maxillary molar and the administration of febuxostat (5 mg/kg/day) was then initiated. After 4 weeks, alveolar bone loss was assessed by micro-computed tomography and methylene blue staining. The expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a bone resorption inhibitor, was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and immunological staining, and the number of osteoclasts in gingival tissue was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), in gingival tissue were measured using quantitative RT-PCR and immunological staining. Oxidative stress in gingival tissue was evaluated by the expression of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). To clarify the systemic effects of periodontitis, blood pressure and glucose tolerance were examined. Results: In rats with periodontitis, alveolar bone resorption was associated with reductions in OPG and increases in osteoclast numbers. The gingival expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG was up-regulated in rats with periodontitis. Febuxostat significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress. It also attenuated periodontitis-induced glucose intolerance and blood pressure elevations. Conclusion: Febuxostat prevented the progression of periodontitis and associated systemic effects by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Relationship between NAFLD and Periodontal Disease from the View of Clinical and Basic Research, and Immunological Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3728
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hatasa ◽  
Sumiko Yoshida ◽  
Hirokazu Takahashi ◽  
Kenichi Tanaka ◽  
Yoshihito Kubotsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontopathic Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model ◽  
The Relationship

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic oral microorganisms that leads to the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissues around the teeth. Although many studies have shown that periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontal disease has not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this review was to reveal the relationship between NAFLD and periodontal disease based on epidemiological studies, basic research, and immunology. Many cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies have indicated that periodontal disease is a risk factor for NAFLD. An in vivo animal model revealed that infection with periodontopathic bacteria accelerates the progression of NAFLD accompanied by enhanced steatosis. Moreover, the detection of periodontopathic bacteria in the liver may demonstrate that the bacteria have a direct impact on NAFLD. Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and accumulation of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes. Th17 may be a key molecule for explaining the relationship between periodontal disease and NAFLD. In this review, we attempted to establish that oral health is essential for systemic health, especially in patients with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of collagen and inflammatory cells in periodontal disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranko Golijanin ◽  
Bojan Kujundzic ◽  
Zoran Milosavljevic ◽  
Dragan Milovanovic ◽  
Zlatibor Andjelkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Test System ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Immunochemical Method

Background/Aim. Periodontal disease affects gingival tissue and supporting apparatus of the teeth leading to its decay. The aim of this study was to highlight and precisely determine histological changes in the gum tissue. Methods. Gingival biopsy samples from 53 healthy and parodontopathy-affected patients were used. Clinical staging of the disease was performed. Tissue specimens were fixed and routinely processed. Sections, 5 ?m thin, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, histochemical Van-Gieson for the collagen content, Spicer method for mast-cells and immunochemical method with anti-CD68 and anti-CD38 for the labelling of the macrophages and plasma-cells. Morphometric analysis was performed by a M42 test system. Results. While the disease advanced, collagen and fibroblast volume density decreased almost twice in the severe cases compared to the control ones, but a significant variation was observed within the investigated groups. The mast-cell number increased nearly two times, while the macrophage content was up to three times higher in severe parodontopathy than in healthy gingival tissue. However, the relative proportion of these cells stayed around 6% in all cases. Plasma-cells had the most prominent increase in the number (over 8 times) compared to the control, but again, a variation within investigated groups was very high. Conclusion. Gingival tissue destruction caused by inflammatory process leads to significant changes in collagen density and population of resident connective tissue cells. Although inflammatory cells dominated with the disease advancing, a high variation within the same investigated groups suggests fluctuation of the pathological process. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP1704391E">10.2298/VSP1704391E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals The occurrence of Entamoeba gingivalis among patients with periodontal disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Luszczak ◽  
Michal Bartosik ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska ◽  
Agnieszka Sochaczewska-Dolecka ◽  
Ewa Tomaszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Oral Diseases

AbstractAccording to some studies, the Entamoeba gingivalis colonizing the gingival tissue is an important agent in bringing about periodontitis. Other studies, however, deem it an opportunist that is able to survive in the medium induced by periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis infection in patients from the Department of Periodontology, and compare this population with that of healthy people, so as to analyze the relationships between infection and patient sex and age. The result of this work is that in both groups, a correlation (p = 0,19) has been noted between the occurrence of amoebae and other diseases in the oral cavity. Indeed, 81,4% of all patients with some periodontal disease showed the presence of amoeba. Among those who are not afflicted with oral diseases, the presence of amoeba was indicated in 62,5% of the total. In addition, a correlation between the person's age and the presence of protozoa (p = 0,15) was strongly marked among women (p = 0,19). In the three age groups of women in this study (40-49, 60-69, and above 80 years), we observed a 100% presence of protozoa.Our study leads us to the conclusion that infections with Entamoeba gingivalis should be regarded as an factor that is associated with the pathological changes occurring in patients with periodontal diseases.

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Chronic Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Shreeya Aryal ◽  
Ameena Pradhan ◽  
Shilu Shrestha ◽  
Surendra Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attachment Loss

Introduction: Obesity is regarded as unnecessary body fat in ratio to lean body mass. Besides being an established risk factor for cardiovascular and other systemic diseases, obesity has been suggested to be a potential threat for periodontitis as well. Objective: The objective of the study was to learn relationship between body mass index (BMI) and periodontal disease. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at People’s Dental College from February 16 to April 15, 2021 after ethical approval. Seventy-two participants were selected conveniently who, on the basis of calculation of weight and height were allocated into two groups: Group A: participants with normal BMI, Group B: Obese/ overweight individuals. Plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket, and clinical attachment loss were recorded in both the groups to assess the periodontal disease status. On basis of findings, the two groups were statistically compared. Results: The result showed clinical attachment loss was significantly higher (P <0.001) in overweight/obese group than in normal BMI group (P =0 .001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that obesity and overweight can be a possible predisposing factor for periodontal disease.

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