scholarly journals Haematological response to haem iron or ferrous sulphate mixed with refried black beans in moderately anaemic Guatemalan pre-school children

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Schümann ◽  
ME Romero-Abal ◽  
A Mäurer ◽  
T Luck ◽  
J Beard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Iron Preparation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Haem Iron

AbstractObjectiveCombating iron deficiency in toddlers with iron-fortified food has proved difficult in countries with phytate-rich diets. For this purpose, a new haem iron preparation was developed. The study compared changes in iron status after administration of refried beans with beans fortified with a haem iron preparation or ferrous sulphate (FeSO4).DesignIn a masked, stratified-randomised intervention trial, children received five 156-g cans of refried black beans per week for 10 consecutive weeks. The beans-only (control), FeSO4 and haem iron groups were offered a cumulative dose of 155 mg, 1625 mg and 1700 mg of iron from the bean intervention, respectively. Haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin concentrations were determined at baseline and after 5 and 10 weeks. Compliance was examined weekly.SettingA low-income community in Guatemala City.SubjectsOne hundred and ten children aged 12–36 months with initial Hb values between 100 and 115 g l−1.ResultsThe cumulative intake of beans was approximately 80% of that offered, signifying an additional ~1300 mg of either haem or inorganic iron in the corresponding treatment groups over 10 weeks. Hb concentrations increased by the order of 7.3–11.4 g l-1 during the intervention, but without significant differences across treatments. Average ferritin concentrations were unaffected by treatment assignment. However, post hoc analysis by subgroups of initial high ferritin and initial low ferritin found the Hb increments after 10 weeks in the haem iron group (13.1±7.7 g l−1) to be significantly greater than the respective increases (6.8±11.2 and 6.4±8.5 g l−1) in the inorganic iron and beans-only groups.ConclusionsCanned refried beans are a candidate vehicle for fortificant iron. Given the improved colour and organoleptic properties imparted by haem iron added to refried beans, its additional potential for benefiting the iron status of consumers with iron deficiency may recommend it over FeSO4.

scholarly journals IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
Jawaria Khalid ◽  
Muhammed Mehboob Ahmed ◽  
Misbah Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Asghar Butt ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ferrous sulfate with iron polymaltosecomplex in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children in terms of rise in hemoglobin. Studydesign: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Department of Paediatric Medicine Unit I AlliedHospital Faisalabad. Study duration: 6 months. Methodology: All the children of age group6 month to 12year with hemoglobin level <10g/dl, MCV<70fl corrected for age, MCHC<32%,serum ferritin<8μg/l were included. All other cases of anemia other than iron deficiency anemiasuch as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, lead poisoning etc, patients with severe anemia(hb≤6g/dl) because they need blood transfusion to correct anemia, those with decompensatedheart failure or acute infection were excluded. After enrolment patients were randomly dividedinto two groups by lottery method. Group A, patients were given ferrous sulphate. Group B,patients were given iron polymaltose complex (IPC). Both iron preparations were given inthe dose of 5mg/kg/day of elemental iron in three divided dosage 30 minutes before meals.Patients were assessed at one month interval after the start of treatment and hemoglobin waschecked at follow up visit by taking 2cc blood. Results: Sixty children were studied. Meanage was 2.5 ± 5.1 years, range 7 months to 12 years with 32 girls, 28 boys. The patients wereevenly distributed between the two treatment groups (IPC, n = 30, 50%; ferrous sulfate, n =30, 50%). All erythrocyte-related hematologic parameters after one month treatment showed asignificant improvement from baseline with both treatments. A significant improvement in Hbwas observed after one month treatment in the IPC group 9.5 ± 1.1g/dL to 10.6 ±1.0 g/dL andthe ferrous sulfate group 9.4 ± 1.6 g/dL to 11.2 ± 0.9 g/dL which was statistically significant.Conclusion: From this randomized study, it is concluded that both ferrous sulphate and ironpolymaltose complex have equal efficacy in treatment of iron deficiency anemia

scholarly journals Comparison Study of Iron Bioaccessibility from Dietary Supplements and Microencapsulated Preparations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Bryszewska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Ferrous Lactate

Iron deficiency is the most common form of malnutrition. Factors responsible for this so-called “hidden hunger” include poor diet, increased micronutrient needs and health problems such as diseases and infections. Body iron status can be increased by the intake of dietary supplements and fortified food. The aim of the present study was to compare iron bioaccessibility from commercial nutritional supplements and iron microcapsules. A comparison study was performed under conditions mimicking gastric and gastrointestinal digestion. A preparation of encapsulated ferrous sulphate or lactate and vitamin C, in a formula, showed bioaccessibility factors of up to 100% when digested individually, and around 60% in the presence of a food matrix. The degree of oxidation of the ferrous ions differed, depending on the type of preparation, the presence of vitamin C and the food matrix. The highest percentage content of ferrous ion, in the soluble fractions after gastrointestinal digestion, was shown by the preparation containing microencapsulated ferrous lactate or ferrous sulphate and vitamin C. Encapsulation seems to limit the interaction of iron with the food matrix and protect it against oxidation, thus making it more accessible for intestinal uptake.

scholarly journals The impact of consuming iron from non-food sources on iron status in developing countries

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip WJ Harvey ◽  
Patricia B Dexter ◽  
Ian Darnton-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haem Iron

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of contaminant iron and geophagy on iron intake and status of persons living in developing countries.DesignLiterature for review was identified by searching Medline and Agricola, from appropriate other texts and from three reports from the Opportunities for Micronutrient Interventions (OMNI) Project of USAID.SettingThe dietary intake of iron by people living in developing countries is generally high but iron deficiency remains prevalent. This apparent paradox is because the iron being consumed is predominantly in the non-haem form, which is poorly absorbed. Some of this non-haem iron is from contamination of food with iron from soil, dust and water; iron leaching into food during storage and cooking; contamination during food processing such as milling; and the practice of geophagy.ResultsAlthough the contribution of contaminant iron to overall iron intake is well documented, its absorption and thus its impact on iron status is not. To be available for absorption, contaminant iron must join the common non-haem pool, i.e. be exchangeable. The absorption of exchangeable contaminant iron is subject to the same interactions with other constituents in the diet as the non-haem iron that is intrinsic to food. The limited available evidence suggests wide variation in exchangeability. In situations where a significant fraction of the contaminating iron joins the pool, the impact on iron status could be substantial. Without a simple method for predicting exchangeability, the impact of contaminant iron on iron status in any particular situation is uncertain.ConclusionsInterventions known to increase the absorption of iron intrinsic to foods will also increase absorption of any contaminant iron that has joined the common pool. Any positive effect of geophagy resulting from an increased intake of iron is highly unlikely, due to inhibiting constituents contained in soils and clays. The efficacy of approaches designed to increase the intake of contaminant iron remains encouraging but uncertain. An approach using multiple interventions will continue to be essential to reduce iron deficiency anaemia.

scholarly journals Inflammation Mediates the Relationship Between BMI and Serum Ferritin Among Women With Normal to High BMI in Azerbaijan but Not Malawi: BRINDA Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1023
Author(s):  
Jennie Davis ◽  
Charles Arnold ◽  
Anne Williams ◽  
Parminder Suchdev ◽  
Melissa Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Objectives Considering the known metabolic relationships between adiposity, inflammation, and iron status, we examined whether inflammation mediates the relationship between BMI and serum ferritin (SF) concentration among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) with normal to high BMI in a low-income country (Malawi) and an upper-middle income country (Azerbaijan). Methods Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. Women with underweight (BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2), pregnancy, or a positive malaria test were excluded (total for analysis: Malawi, n = 594; Azerbaijan, n = 2528). Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the proportion of women with overweight/obesity (OwOb, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), any inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP] &gt;5 μg/L or α-1-acid glycoprotein [AGP] &gt;1 g/L), and iron deficiency (inflammation-adjusted SF &lt; 15 μg/L). The relationship between BMI and unadjusted SF concentration and potential mediation by CRP and AGP was assessed separately in each country via structural equation modeling procedures, accounting for the complex survey designs. Results In Malawi, the proportion of women with OwOb was 16%, inflammation 12%, and inflammation-adjusted iron deficiency 14% (12% unadjusted). In Azerbaijan, the proportions were: 57%, 35%, and 45% (31% unadjusted), respectively. In Malawi, BMI was not associated with SF concentration (P = 0.65). In Azerbaijan, a 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 3.3% (95% CI: 2.5, 4.3) increase in SF concentration. Approximately 61% of this relationship was mediated by CRP and AGP, of which 46% was via CRP and 15% via AGP. Conclusions Iron status is commonly adjusted for inflammation in populations with high expected burden of undernutrition and infectious disease. Considering that obesity is a source of inflammation, these data suggest that measurement and adjustment for inflammation may improve assessment of iron status in populations in which OwOb is common. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, HarvestPlus, and the United States Agency for International Development.

scholarly journals Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes after Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo ◽  
Florian Cassel ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
Martina U. Muckenthaler ◽  
Max Gassmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Iron ◽  
In Pregnancy

In pregnancy, iron deficiency and iron overload increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the effects of maternal iron status on long-term child health are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to systematically review and analyze the literature on maternal iron status in pregnancy and long-term outcomes in the offspring after birth. We report a systematic review on maternal iron status during pregnancy in relation to child health outcomes after birth, from database inception until 21 January 2021, with methodological quality rating (Newcastle-Ottawa tool) and random-effect meta-analysis. (PROSPERO, CRD42020162202). The search identified 8139 studies, of which 44 were included, describing 12,7849 mother–child pairs. Heterogeneity amongst the studies was strong. Methodological quality was predominantly moderate to high. Iron status was measured usually late in pregnancy. The majority of studies compared categories based on maternal ferritin, however, definitions of iron deficiency differed across studies. The follow-up period was predominantly limited to infancy. Fifteen studies reported outcomes on child iron status or hemoglobin, 20 on neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the remainder on a variety of other outcomes. In half of the studies, low maternal iron status or iron deficiency was associated with adverse outcomes in children. Meta-analyses showed an association of maternal ferritin with child soluble transferrin receptor concentrations, though child ferritin, transferrin saturation, or hemoglobin values showed no consistent association. Studies on maternal iron status above normal, or iron excess, suggest deleterious effects on infant growth, cognition, and childhood Type 1 diabetes. Maternal iron status in pregnancy was not consistently associated with child iron status after birth. The very heterogeneous set of studies suggests detrimental effects of iron deficiency, and possibly also of overload, on other outcomes including child neurodevelopment. Studies are needed to determine clinically meaningful definitions of iron deficiency and overload in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Diagnostic work up of anemic patients: role of iron deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Meiser ◽  
Lale Kayikci ◽  
Matthias Orth
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Work Up

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosing disturbances in iron metabolism can be challenging when accompanied by inflammation. New diagnostic tools such as the “Thomas-plot” (TP) (relation of soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]/log ferritin to reticulocyte hemoglobin content [RET-He]) were established to improve classification of anemias. Aim of this retrospective study was to assess the added diagnostic value of the TP in anemia work up.MethodsPatients from December 2016 to September 2018 with a complete blood count, iron status, RET-He and sTfR were manually classified into the four quadrants of the TP on basis of conventional iron markers. Manual and algorithm-based classifications were compared using cross tabulations, Box–Whisker-Plots as well as Receiver-Operating-Characteristics (ROC) to calculate the diagnostic accuracy using Area under the Curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsA total of 3,745 patients with a conventional iron status, including 1,721 TPs, could be evaluated. In 70% of the cases the manual classification was identical to the TP, in 10% it was deviant. 20% could not clearly be classified, mostly due to inflammatory conditions. In the absence of an inflammatory condition, ferritin was a reliable parameter to define iron deficiency (ID) (AUC 0.958). In the presence of inflammation, the significance of the ferritin index (AUC 0.917) and of the RET-He (AUC 0.957) increased.ConclusionsThe TP can be useful for narrowing down the causes of anemia in complex cases. Further studies with focus on special patient groups, e.g., oncological or rheumatic patients, are desirable.

scholarly journals Iron-Containing Contraceptives and Their Effect on Hemoglobin and Biomarkers of Iron Status: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2340
Author(s):  
Jordie A. J. Fischer ◽  
Carolina S. Sasai ◽  
Crystal D. Karakochuk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Hb Concentration

Oral contraceptive use has been associated with decreased menstrual blood losses; thus, can independently reduce the risk of anemia and iron deficiency in women. Manufacturers have recently started to include supplemental iron in the non-hormonal placebo tablets of some contraceptives. The aims of this narrative review are: (i) to describe the relationship between oral contraceptive use and both anemia and iron status in women; (ii) to describe the current formulations of iron-containing oral contraceptives (ICOC) available on the market; and (iii) to systematically review the existing literature on the effect of ICOC on biomarkers of anemia and iron status in women. We discovered 21 brands of ICOC, most commonly including 25 mg elemental iron as ferrous fumarate, for seven days, per monthly tablet package. Our search identified one randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of ICOC use compared to two non-ICOC on increasing hemoglobin (Hb) and iron status biomarker concentrations in women; whereafter 12 months of contraception use, there were no significant differences in Hb concentration nor markers of iron status between the groups. ICOC has the potential to be a cost-effective solution to address both family planning needs and iron deficiency anemia. Yet, more rigorous trials evaluating the effectiveness of ICOC on improving markers of anemia and iron deficiency, as well as investigating the safety of its consumption among iron-replete populations, are warranted.

scholarly journals Prenatal Iron Deficiency and Replete Iron Status Are Associated with Adverse Birth Outcomes, but Associations Differ in Ghana and Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brietta M Oaks ◽  
Josh M Jorgensen ◽  
Lacey M Baldiviez ◽  
Seth Adu-Afarwuah ◽  
Ken Maleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious literature suggests a U-shaped relation between hemoglobin concentration and adverse birth outcomes. There is less evidence on associations between iron status and birth outcomes.ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the associations of maternal hemoglobin concentration and iron status with birth outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of data from 2 cohorts of pregnant women receiving iron-containing nutritional supplements (20–60 mg ferrous sulfate) in Ghana (n = 1137) and Malawi (n = 1243). Hemoglobin concentration and 2 markers of iron status [zinc protoporphyrin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)] were measured at ≤20 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation. We used linear and Poisson regression models and birth outcomes included preterm birth (PTB), newborn stunting, low birth weight (LBW), and small-for-gestational-age.ResultsPrevalence of iron deficiency (sTfR >6.0 mg/L) at enrollment was 9% in Ghana and 20% in Malawi. In early pregnancy, iron deficiency was associated with PTB (9% compared with 17%, adjusted RR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.33) and stunting (15% compared with 23%, adjusted RR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.94) in Malawi but not Ghana, and was not associated with LBW in either country; replete iron status (sTfR <10th percentile) was associated with stunting (9% compared with 15%, adjusted RR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.77) in Ghana, but not PTB or LBW, and was not associated with any birth outcomes in Malawi. In late pregnancy, iron deficiency was not related to birth outcomes in either country and iron-replete status was associated with higher risk of LBW (8% compared with 16%, adjusted RR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.09) and stunting (6% compared with 13%, adjusted RR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.21, 3.77) in Ghana, but was not associated with birth outcomes in Malawi.ConclusionsThe associations of low or replete iron status with birth outcomes are population specific. Research to replicate and extend these findings would be beneficial. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866 (Ghana) and NCT01239693 (Malawi).

Iron and Hematological Status among Adolescent Athletes Tracked through Puberty

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Noreen D. Willows ◽  
Susan K. Grimston ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
David A. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

This study assessed change in hematological status among physically active children as they progressed through puberty. Values for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all stages of puberty were within the normal range of reference values. Significant changes in serum ferritin were not detected in the different pubertal stages, although serum ferritin was highest in prepubertal boys and girls. There were no significant differences in marginal or deficient iron stores between the sexes at any pubertal stage, suggesting that gender was not predisposing for iron deficiency; however, girls had a greater overall incidence for both measures. With more children under consideration, these trends may have reached significance. Boys in TS4 and TS5 had higher hemoglobin and hematocrit compared with earlier stages of puberty, and compared with girls at the same stages of puberty. This can be explained by testosterone production in boys. Among girls, pubertal progression had no significant effect on hemoglobin or hematocrit. In the absence of controls, there was no direct evidence that involvement in sports had an adverse effect on iron status.

scholarly journals Consumption of a Double-Fortified Salt Affects Perceptual, Attentional, and Mnemonic Functioning in Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 2297-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Wenger ◽  
Laura E Murray-Kolb ◽  
Julie EH Nevins ◽  
Sudha Venkatramanan ◽  
Gregory A Reinhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Mnemonic Function

Abstract Background: Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have been shown to have negative effects on aspects of perception, attention, and memory. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the extent to which increases in dietary iron consumption are related to improvements in behavioral measures of perceptual, attentional, and mnemonic function. Methods: Women were selected from a randomized, double-blind, controlled food-fortification trial involving ad libitum consumption of either a double-fortified salt (DFS) containing 47 mg potassium iodate/kg and 3.3 mg microencapsulated ferrous fumarate/g (1.1 mg elemental Fe/g) or a control iodized salt. Participants' blood iron status (primary outcomes) and cognitive functioning (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline and after 10 mo at endline. The study was performed on a tea plantation in the Darjeeling district of India. Participants (n = 126; 66% iron deficient and 49% anemic at baseline) were otherwise healthy women of reproductive age, 18–55 y. Results: Significant improvements were documented for iron status and for perceptual, attentional, and mnemonic function in the DFS group (percentage of variance accounted for: 16.5%) compared with the control group. In addition, the amount of change in perceptual and cognitive performance was significantly (P < 0.05) related to the amount of change in blood iron markers (mean percentage of variance accounted for: 16.0%) and baseline concentrations of blood iron markers (mean percentage of variance accounted for: 25.0%). Overall, there was evidence that the strongest effects of change in iron status were obtained for perceptual and low-level attentional function. Conclusion: DFS produced measurable and significant improvements in the perceptual, attentional, and mnemonic performance of Indian female tea pickers of reproductive age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01032005.

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