scholarly journals Waist circumference as a determinant of hypertension and diabetes in Brazilian women: a population-based study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTA Olinto ◽  
LC Nacul ◽  
DP Gigante ◽  
JSD Costa ◽  
AMB Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the role of central adiposity, as evaluated by the measurement of waist circumference (WC), as an independent risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the setting of a developing country.Design:Population-based, cross-sectional study.Setting:A medium-sized town in southern Brazil.Participants:One thousand and ninety-five non-pregnant women, 20 to 69 years old, recruited by cluster random sampling between 1999 and 2000. Their mean WC was 85.3 cm (standard deviation 13.9 cm) and 23.3% (n = 255) were obese (body mass index >30 kg m−2). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 25.6% (n = 280) and 6.2% (n = 68), respectively.Results:The risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly related to WC measurement. Women with WC > 80 cm had increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 6.2, P < 0.001). The association remained significant (OR = 1.04 per cm increase in WC, P = 0.02) after adjusting for confounders. The effect of WC on diabetes was modified by age. The effect was stronger in women younger than 40 years old (OR = 12.7, P = 0.016) than in those over 40 years old (OR = 2.8, P = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio was 5.7 (P = 0.12) in those under 40 years old and 2.8 (P = 0.008) in older women.Conclusions:Waist circumference is an independent determinant for hypertension and diabetes in women in this population. The stronger association between WC and diabetes in younger women suggests that the validity of this indicator to assess abdominal adiposity is age-specific. Further studies should validate the usefulness of WC measurement in different age groups.

scholarly journals Risk for mental illness and family composition after migration to Sweden

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251254
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Mangrio ◽  
Karin Sjöström ◽  
Mathias Grahn ◽  
Slobodan Zdravkovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Significant Odds Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Objectives The aim of the present study is to determine how marital status and certain post-migration family structures are associated with the risk of mental illness among recently arrived Arabic- speaking refugees in Sweden. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015 and 2016. The study population was recruited by inviting all adult refugees who participated in the mandatory public integration support programme. All refugees that participated had received refugee status. A total of 681 of the invited participants returned the GHQ-12 questionnaires, through which the risk for mental illness was measured and only Arabic- speaking refugees (N = 638) were included in the analyses. Results Marital status per se was not associated with a risk for mental illness. However, for the whole study sample there was a statistical significant odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI 1.03–2.86). For male Arabic-speaking refugees with a spouse or child left behind in the home country there was a borderline significant increased risk for mental illness, odds ratio = 1. 87 (95% CI 0.99–3.56). The risk for female Arabic-speaking refugees was non-significant, odds ratio = 1.35 (95% CI 0.55–3.33). Conclusions Arabic- speaking refugees who were separated from family members reported an increased risk for mental illness after arriving in the host country. Actions to facilitate family reunion after arriving as a refugee (in Sweden) seems to be an important factor to promote mental health among refugees.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Profiles of Health Among Women of Different Generations: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Jodie C. Avery ◽  
Lisa J. Moran ◽  
Vivienne Moore ◽  
Renae C. Fernandez ◽  
Melissa Whitrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women

Objective: Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a lifelong disorder, very little is understood about the diagnosis and impact of this condition in women outside of the peak reproductive years. We examined the frequency of diagnosed PCOS and concurrent health conditions in women across the lifespan. Methods: Data were analysed from 1509 women aged 15–95 years participating in a cross-sectional, face-to-face population survey in South Australia, 2015. We assessed the prevalence of PCOS in 10-year age groups and the frequency of comorbidities in women with and without PCOS subgrouped by age (< 45, [Formula: see text] 45 years). The main outcome measures were Diagnosed PCOS and other chronic conditions; lifestyle factors. Logistic regression analyses determined the risk of comorbidities in women with PCOS adjusting for age and BMI. Results: Overall prevalence of PCOS was 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.9%), peaking in the 35–44 year age group (9.1%), and lowest in those aged 15–24 (4.1%) or [Formula: see text] 65 (3.7%) years. Women with PCOS and aged <45 years were more likely to report diabetes (16.7% vs. 3.8%), cardiovascular disease (15.5% vs. 7.2%) and arthritis (15.5% vs. 7.2%) than their peers; these differences were diminished in the [Formula: see text] 45 year age group. The odds of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were more than doubled among women with PCOS (adjOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49–4.31; adjOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.68). Conclusion: PCOS is underdiagnosed in young and post-menopausal women. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key comorbidities requiring greater attention in younger women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Association of cleft lip and palate on mother-to-infant bonding: a cross-sectional study in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Tsuchiya ◽  
◽  
Masahiro Tsuchiya ◽  
Haruki Momma ◽  
Takeyoshi Koseki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Cleft lip and/or palate is among the most prevalent congenital birth defects, and negatively affects maternal psychological status and may consequently result in higher prevalence of child maltreatment. However, the association of childbirths of infants with cleft lip and/or palate with maternal emotional involvement still remains unclear. We examined the association between childbirths of infants with cleft lip and/or palate and mother-to-infant bonding, using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a nationwide birth cohort study. Methods A cross-sectional study using the jecs-an-20,180,131 dataset was performed. A total 104,065 fetuses in 15 regional centres in Japan were enrolled after obtaining informed written consent. The Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale, a self-report scale consisting of 10 items, was used to evaluate maternal bonding at one year after childbirth. Finally, the participants consisted of 79,140 mother-infant pairs, of which 211 mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate were included in our analyses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using multiple imputation for missing data was performed to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval in the estimation of the association between bonding disorders and childbirths with cleft lip and/or palate. Results No increased risk of bonding disorders was observed among all the mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 0.97 [0.63–1.48], p = 0.880), however, advanced maternal age or multiple parity may adversely affect the associations between bonding disorders and cleft lip and/or palate, respectively. After stratification with a combination of maternal age and parity, a significant association of cleft lip and/or palate with bonding disorders was found only among advanced-age multiparae (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.51 [1.17–5.37], p = 0.018), but it was weakened after additional adjustment for maternal depression. Conclusions Childbirths of infants with cleft lip and/or palate may increase the risk of bonding disorders among advanced-age multiparae, possibly through maternal depression. This finding provides valuable information for the provision of multidisciplinary cleft care.

scholarly journals The association of gout with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among stroke survivors in New Zealand: A cross-sectional study using routinely collected electronic health data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204800401986323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Eufemia D San Gabriel ◽  
Julia Slark
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background There is a paucity of data relating to the association of gout with the occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with stroke. This study aimed to determine the association of gout with the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a cohort of stroke patients from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke survivors in South and East Auckland, New Zealand from the years 2010 to 2014. Electronic health record data were collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Multivariate logistic regression modelling adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity was conducted to determine the association of gout with the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients discharged with a diagnosis of stroke. Results The age-, gender-, and ethnicity-adjusted odds ratio for having hypertension and diabetes mellitus among stroke survivors with gout history were 3.25 (95% confidence interval 1.32–8.03) and 1.94 (95% confidence interval 1.12–3.36), respectively. Māori stroke survivors with gout history had the highest risk of having diabetes mellitus with age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of 5.10 (95% confidence interval 1.90–18.93). Conclusion The findings from this study suggest gout may be independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with stroke. Māori who are the indigenous population of New Zealand show a greater risk of diabetes mellitus associated with a gout diagnosis compared to other populations. This finding highlights the importance of the need for further research with Māori stroke survivors and other indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Hearing threshold levels and hearing loss among people in Zhejiang, China: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahui Wang ◽  
Huai Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Ma ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Frequency Hearing Loss

Hearing loss (≥26 dB threshold in the better ear), as a common chronic condition in humans, is increasingly gaining attention. Relevant research in China is relatively scarce, so we conduct a population-based study to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss among age groups, genders and ears in Zhejiang province, China, from September 2016 to June 2018.Study designPopulation-based cross-sectional studyParticipantsA total of 3754 participants aged 18–98 years and living in Zhejiang province, China.Outcome measuresPure-tone audiometric thresholds were measured at frequencies of 0.125–8 kHz for each subject. All participants were asked to complete a structured questionnaire, in the presence of a healthcare official.ResultsThe prevalence of speech-frequency and high-frequency hearing loss was 27.9% and 42.9%, respectively, in Zhejiang. There were significant differences in auditory thresholds at most frequencies among the age groups, genders (male vs female: 31.6%vs24.1% at speech frequency; 48.9% vs 36.8% at high frequency) and ears. In addition to the common factors affecting both types of hearing loss, a significant correlation was found between personal income and speech-frequency hearing loss (OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.92), and between hyperlipidaemia and high-frequency hearing loss (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.07).ConclusionThe prevalence of hearing loss was high among people living in Zhejiang, particularly males, and in the left ear. Moreover, hearing thresholds increased with age. Several lifestyle and environment factors, which can be influenced by awareness and education, were significantly associated with hearing loss.

scholarly journals Association of high birth weight with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years: a national, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
Zhongping Yang ◽  
Zhaogeng Yang ◽  
Xijie Wang ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has drastically increased 57 times over the past 30 years, and to control birth weight is an effective way to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity across the life course.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to evaluate the association of high birth weight (HBW) with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years.MethodsAll students with HBW (n=4981) aged 6–18 years were selected from a cross-sectional survey from seven provinces of China, and 4981 other students with normal birth weight (NBW) were randomly sampled with matched gender, age and province. Anthropometric parameters were measured and characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR of overweight and obesity with HBW, unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsParticipants with HBW revealed higher body mass index in childhood. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in the HBW group than in the NBW group (overweight 15.3% vs 13.1%, p<0.05; obesity 16.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.05), and the results were similar for overweight in all age groups except age 6–7, age 14–15 and age 16–18. Additionally, HBW was positively associated with overweight (OR=1.230; 95% CI 1.056 to 1.432) and obesity (OR=1.611; 95% CI 1.368 to 1.897) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsHBW leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity in childhood; thus, measures to control birth weight, such as controlling gestational weight gain, should be taken from the earliest beginning of life.Trial registration numberNCT02343588; Post-results.

scholarly journals Association of central adiposity with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2137-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn D Ferguson ◽  
Rosemary Brown ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Paul Welsh ◽  
Donald M Lyall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the independent association of central adiposity, assessed by waist circumference, with odds of psoriasis, PsA and RA prevalence after controlling for general adiposity (BMI).MethodsA cross-sectional study of UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 years was performed. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of psoriasis, PsA and RA occurrence compared with controls without these conditions by waist circumference, adjusting for covariates: age, sex, smoking status, socioeconomic deprivation and self-reported physical activity (Model 1), followed additionally by BMI (Model 2).ResultsA total of 502 417 participants were included; 5074 with psoriasis (1.02%), 905 with PsA (0.18%), 5532 with RA (1.11%) and 490 906 controls without these conditions. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (Model 1) for psoriasis, PsA and RA, per s.d. (13.5 cm) higher waist circumference were 1.20 (95% CI 1.16, 1.23), 1.30 (95% CI 1.21, 1.39) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.17, 1.24), respectively (all P < 0.001). These ORs remained significant after further adjustment for BMI (Model 2) in psoriasis [OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.12, 1.27), P < 0.001] and RA [OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.12, 1.26), P < 0.001], but not in PsA [OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.95, 1.29), P = 0.127].ConclusionCentral adiposity as measured by waist circumference is associated with greater odds of psoriasis and RA prevalence after adjustment for confounders and for BMI. Our findings add support for central adiposity as a long-term clinically relevant component of these conditions.

scholarly journals Can Meals Outside Homes Impact Sodium Intake?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Pita Ruiz ◽  
Margareth Guimarães Lima ◽  
Lhais de Paula Barbosa Medina ◽  
Renata Luz Pinto ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACT Background The WHO currently recommends a daily sodium intake of 2 g and has established the goal of a 30% reduction in mean salt intake by 2025. Objective We sought to estimate sodium intake in study participants according to the locations of where they consumed meals and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and practices related to salt consumption. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2574 individuals aged ≥10 y who answered the 2015 Campinas-Brazil Nutrition Survey. Mean sodium intake was estimated using a 24-h recall log and associations with the independent variables were tested using generalized regression analysis stratified by age group. Results Sodium intake was higher in male participants as well as adolescents and adults who reported eating ≥1 meal outside the home (6.07% and 7.06% increase, respectively). Per meal, sodium was consumed more outside the home at breakfast, during an afternoon snack, and at dinner among adolescents. No significant differences were found in the analysis by type of meal among the adults and seniors. Conclusions Sodium intake exceeded the WHO recommendation in all age groups analyzed. Having ≥1 meal outside the home was associated with greater sodium intake among adolescents and adults. Measures to regulate the food industry and dietary/nutritional education strategies targeting consumers are important to reducing the sodium intake of the population.

Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Methods Use in Piple, Chitwan of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Rajani Shah ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Malla
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Living Children

 Background: Family planning contributes in preventing maternal and child mortality and empowers women. For the past ten years contraceptive prevalence rate has remained stagnant in Nepal. This study aimed at iden­tifying the use and factors associated with modern contraceptive methods in Piple, Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Piple village development com­mittee was selected purposively, in which two wards were randomly se­lected. Married women of reproductive age (n=332) of each household were interviewed. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: About half (49%) of the respondents had used a modern contra­ceptive method. Women in the age groups 25-39 years [aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16 - 4.92] and 40-49 years [aOR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.71 - 12.70] were more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the women in the age group 15-24 years. Similarly, women having 3 or more living children [aOR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.19 - 7.50] were more likely to use the modern contracep­tives than women with upto two children. Women whose husbands would approve of using the contraceptives [aOR: 11.33; 95% CI: 3.93-32.62] were more likely to use the methods than those who got or perceived no ap­proval from husband. Conclusions: Information and service on modern contraceptive methods should be focused to younger women. Involvement of husbands in family planning program would contribute to use of modern contraceptives by women.

scholarly journals Tattooing and risk for transfusion-transmitted diseases: The role of the type, number and design of the tattoos, and the conditions in which they were performed

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DE A. NISHIOKA ◽  
T. W. GYORKOS ◽  
L. JOSEPH ◽  
J.-P. COLLET ◽  
J. D. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Conditions

Tattoos have been shown to be associated with transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs), particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Very little is known about the association between different categories of tattoos and TTDs. In a cross-sectional study in Brazil, we studied 182 individuals with tattoos and assessed the odds of testing positive for a TTD according to tattoo type, number, design and performance conditions. Major findings were significant associations between an increasing number of tattoos and HBV infection (odds ratio (OR) of 2·04 for two tattoos and 3·48 for [ges ] 3 tattoos), having a non-professional tattoo and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 3·25), and having [ges ] 3 tattoos and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 2·98). We suggest that non-professional tattoos and number of tattoos should be assessed as potential deferral criteria in screening blood donors.

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