scholarly journals Large heterogeneity of the obesity epidemic in Danish adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit L Heitmann ◽  
Ulla Strøger ◽  
Kim L Mikkelsen ◽  
Claus Holst ◽  
Thorkild IA Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractObjective:To examine to what extent the obesity epidemic is a general phenomenon in adults by assessing the secular change, by birth cohort and age, in the prevalence of obesity and median body mass index (BMI) in Danish men and women measured between 1964 and 1994.Design:Multiple cross-sectional population surveys.Setting:The greater Copenhagen area of Denmark.Subjects:The study included 17 065 men (30 336 observations) and 13 417 women (24 065 observations), aged 20–84 years.Main outcome measures:Trends in median BMI and prevalence of obesity estimated from measured height and weight in 10-year age groups.Results:In general the prevalence of obesity was increasing, although in an irregular way: among men in two phases, during the 1970s and 1990s and among women only during the 1990s. Great heterogeneity was observed between birth cohorts and age groups. There was only little indication of an increasing trend in obesity prevalence for women, except for the 55–64-year-olds. In men, the prevalence of obesity was increasing in all age groups except in the youngest ones, and it was statistically significant only for men aged 35–74 years. There was no significant linear change in median BMI in any group, except for an increasing trend among men aged 50 years and above.Conclusion:Although the overall Danish trend for obesity prevalence, similar to trends world-wide, showed a marked increase, the trend was very heterogeneous and generally neither uniform nor significantly positive; the changes were irregular, different among men and women, and different in the different age and birth cohorts. The obesity problem in middle-aged and older men of certain birth cohorts poses a specific public health challenge. Future studies of determinants behind the heterogeneity in the development of the obesity epidemic may provide clues to its causes.

scholarly journals Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Adeline Renuy ◽  
Claire Rives-Lange ◽  
Claire Carette ◽  
Guillaume Airagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
French Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThis study provides trends in obesity prevalence in adults from 2013 to 2016 in France. 63,582 men and women from independent samples upon inclusion from the Constances cohort were included. Anthropometrics were measured at Health Screening Centers and obesity defined as a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; obesity classes according to BMI are as follows: class 1 [30–34.9]; class 2 [35–39.9]; class 3 [≥ 40 kg/m2]. Linear trends across obesity classes by sex and age groups were examined in regression models and percentage point change from 2013 to 2016 for each age category calculated. All analyses accounted for sample weights for non-response, age and sex-calibrated to the French population. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2 to 15.2% and from 14 to 15.3% in women and men respectively from 2013 to 2016. Class 1 obesity category prevalence was the only one to increase significantly across survey years in both men and women (p for linear trend = 0.04 and 0.01 in women and men respectively). The only significant increase for obesity was observed in the age group 18–29 y in both women and men (+ 2.71% and + 3.26% point increase respectively, equivalent to an approximate rise of 50% in women and 93% in men, p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for survey non-response and for age and sex distribution, the results show that class 1 obesity prevalence has significantly increased in both women and men from 2013 to 2016, and only in young adults in a representative sample of the French population aged 18–69 years old.

Self-rated health and indicators of SES among the ageing in three types of communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli P. Nummela ◽  
Tommi T. Sulander ◽  
Heikki S. Heinonen ◽  
Antti K. Uutela
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Rated Health

Aims: This paper examines associations between self-rated health, three indicators of SES (self-reported education, disposable household income, adequacy of income) and three types of communities (urban, densely or sparsely populated rural areas) among ageing men and women in the Province of Päijät-Häme, Southern Finland. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the magnitude of community type when examining the relation between subjective health and SES. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data gathered in the spring of 2002 for a prospective follow-up of community interventions were used. These data, together with a number of clinical and laboratory measurements, yielded the baseline for a 10-year community intervention study. A representative stratified (age, gender, area) sample of men and women living in the province and belonging to the birth cohorts 1926—1930, 1936—1940, and 1946—1950 was obtained from the National Population Registry. The target sample was 4,272, with 2,815 persons responding (66% response rate). Results: Positive associations between indicators of SES and self-rated health were observed in all three community types. After adjusting for other factors, adequacy of income showed the strongest (positive) association with self-rated health in urban areas in all age groups. A similar pattern of associations, with varying statistical significance, though, was found in the two rural areas. Conclusions: This study supports the view that while actual income is positively correlated to health, adequacy of income is an even stronger predictor of it. Thus, there was a significant link between better financial standing and good health among ageing people, especially in urban areas.

scholarly journals Trends in body mass index and blood pressure associations from 1989 to 2018: co-ordinated analysis of 145,399 participants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bann ◽  
Shaun Scholes ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Dara O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Age

BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is an important contributor to higher blood pressure (BP) levels and its deleterious consequences. However, the strength of this association may be context-specific and differ across time due to increases in medication use or secular changes in body composition. Thus, we utilised two independent data sources to investigate if associations between BMI and systolic BP (SBP) in Britain changed from 1989-2018.MethodsWe used 23 repeated cross-sectional datasets—the Health Survey for England (HSE) at ≥25 years (1994–2018; N=126,742); and three British birth cohorts (born 1946, 1958, and 1970) with outcomes available at 43-46 years (N=18,657). Anthropometry and BP were measured using standard protocols. We used linear and quantile regression to investigate cross-sectional associations between BMI and SBP.ResultsIn HSE, associations were weaker in subsequent years, and this trend was most pronounced amongst older adults—after accounting for sex, treatment and education, the mean difference in SBP per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI amongst adults ≥55 years was 0.75mmHg (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90) in 1994, 0.66mmHg (0.46, 0.85) in 2003, and 0.53mmHg (0.35, 0.71) in 2018. In cohorts, BMI and SBP associations were of similar magnitude in 1958 and 1970 cohorts and weaker in the 1946 cohort. Quantile regression analyses suggested that associations between BMI and SBP were present both below and above the hypertension threshold.ConclusionThe consequences of BMI may differ across time and by age —associations between BMI and SBP appear to have weakened in recent decades, particularly in older ages. Thus, at older ages, this weakening strength of association may partly offset the public health impacts of increases in obesity prevalence. However, BMI remains positively associated with SBP in all adult age groups, highlighting the potential adverse consequences of the ongoing obesity epidemic.

scholarly journals Trends in Obesity and Metabolic Status Among a Health Check-Up Population in Beijing and Hunan Between 2012 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Qingqi Liu ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background: Previous cross-sectional studies have reported the prevalence of obesity and metabolic status in China. However, the trend of change in obesity and metabolic status, especially in different sex and age groups are lacking. Methods: In a series cross-sectional study, data on 256,782 participants surveyed between 2014 and 2020 in Beijing and 697,170 participants surveyed between 2012 and 2020 in Hunan were analyzed. Anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, and blood tests were performed according to standard protocols. Trends in obesity and metabolic status were evaluated using the Joinpoint software to estimate annual percentage changes in slopes.Results: Based on age- and sex-standardized values, the mean BMI values in Beijing and Hunan participants were 23.94 (95%CI: 23.93, 23.95) and 23.68 (95%CI: 23.67, 23.69) kg/m2, respectively. Between 2014-2020, the overall obesity prevalence among Beijing participants increased from 12.70% (95%CI: 12.17%, 13.23%) to 14.33% (95% CI: 13.97%, 14.70%) (P=0.009), mainly derived by the 20-39 and 40-59 age groups. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolically healthy obese significantly increased from 2.07% (95%CI: 1.84%, 2.30%) to 4.33% (95% CI: 4.13%, 4.53%) in Beijing. Between 2012-2020, no significant trend in obesity was found among overall Hunan participants, but the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obese significantly increased from 5.36% (95% CI: 5.18%, 5.54%) to 7.35% (95% CI: 7.11%, 7.58%), mainly derived by the 20-39 and 40-59 age groups.Conclusions: The trends in obesity and metabolic status were different between Hunan and Beijing. National weight control plan is needed in China, with a particular focus on young and middle-aged population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Libyan Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lemamsha ◽  
G. Randhawa ◽  
C. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Libya is following the trend observed in developing countries of steadily becoming more obese, such that obesity in Libya has reached epidemic proportions in the twenty-first century. The prevalence of obesity in Libya has more than doubled in the last three decades, with the numbers of overweight and obese adults being continuing to grow. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyan men and women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Libyan population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 401 Libyan adults randomly from the Benghazi electoral register. Qualified nurses were allocated to take anthropometric measurements (including visceral fat and Body Mass Index (BMI)) from participants using the Segmental Body Composition Analyser and a portable Stadiometer. The response rate achieved in this cross-sectional study was 78%. Four hundred and one Libyan adult, aged 20-65 years, participated; 253 were female (63%). The prevalence of obesity, overweight, and normal weight among Libyan adults was 42.4%, 32.9%, and 24.7%, respectively. The results also revealed that approximately 75.3% of Libyan adults were overweight and obese, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women was significantly higher than that in men (the prevalence of overweight was 33.2% in women compared to 32.4% in men, while the prevalence of obesity was 47.4% in women compared to 33.8% in men, respectively). The findings of this study confirmed that obesity and overweight are the fastest growing issues and have become one of the most serious public health challenges confronting the Libyan authorities. As the obesity epidemic in Libya continues to escalate, with a complete absence of prevention interventions to reduce obesity, more research is desperately needed to follow the trend of gender difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyans adults across the Libyan state to improve the effective interventions for preventing obesity.

scholarly journals Obesity prevalence in Colombian adults is increasing fastest in lower socio-economic status groups and urban residents: results from two nationally representative surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Kasper ◽  
Oscar F Herrán ◽  
Eduardo Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Prevalence Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Vulnerable Subpopulations

AbstractObjectiveLow- and middle-income countries are experiencing rises in the prevalence of adult obesity. Whether these increases disproportionately affect vulnerable subpopulations is unclear because most previous investigations were not nationally representative, were limited to women, or relied on self-reported anthropometric data which are subject to bias. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the prevalence of obesity from 2005 to 2010 in Colombian adults; overall and by levels of sociodemographic characteristics.DesignTwo cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys.SettingColombia.SubjectsMen and women 18–64 years old (n 31 105 in 2005; n 81 115 in 2010).ResultsThe prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 13·9 % in 2005 and 16·4 % in 2010 (prevalence difference = 2·7 %; 95 % CI 1·9, 3·4 %). In multivariable analyses, obesity was positively associated with female sex, age, wealth, and living in the Pacific or National Territories regions in each year. In 2010, obesity was also associated with living in an urban area. The change in the prevalence of obesity from 2005 to 2010 varied significantly according to wealth; 5·0 % (95 % CI 3·3, 6·7 %) among the poorest and 0·3 % (95 % CI −1·6, 2·2 %) in the wealthiest (P, test for interaction = 0·007), after adjustment. Obesity rates also increased faster in older than younger people (P, test for interaction = 0·01), among people from urban compared with non-urban areas (P, test for interaction = 0·06) and in adults living in the Atlantic region compared with others.ConclusionsAdult obesity prevalence has increased in Colombia and its burden is shifting towards the poor and urban populations.

scholarly journals A Review of Adult Obesity Prevalence, Trends, Risk Factors, and Epidemiologic Methods in Kuwait

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stalo Karageorgi ◽  
Osama Alsmadi ◽  
Kazem Behbehani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Trends ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective. Kuwait is among the countries with the highest obesity rates worldwide; however, little is known about the state of obesity epidemiology research in Kuwait. In this paper, we therefore review the findings and methodology of studies on the prevalence, trends and risk factors of obesity in Kuwait.Methods. The PubMed database was searched using the keyword combination: obesity and adults and Kuwait. Out of 111 articles, 39 remained after abstract review, and 18 were selected after full-text review.Results. The studies were all cross-sectional and published in the last fifteen years (1997–2012). The sample size ranged from 177 to 38,611 individuals. Only 30% of studies used random sampling. The prevalence (BMI ≥ 30) in studies with a nationally representative sample ranged from 24% to 48% overall and in adults>50 years was greater than 52%. Rates were significantly higher in women than those in men. Studies that examined trends showed an increase in obesity prevalence between 1980 and 2009. Multiple risk factors including sociocultural factors were investigated in the studies; however, factors were only crudely assessed.Conclusion. There is a need for future studies, particularly surveillance surveys and prospective cohort studies utilizing advanced methods, to monitor trends and to comprehensively assess the factors contributing to the obesity epidemic in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Variables independently associated with self-reported obesity in the European Union

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1a) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Martínez ◽  
JM Kearney ◽  
A Kafatos ◽  
S Paquet ◽  
MA Martínez-Gonzélez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Eu

AbstractObjectiveThe rapid increase in obesity rates over recent years suggest that cultural and societal influences are affecting the adjustment in the energy balance equation in addition to other physiopathological or genetic determinants. Therefore, a pan-EU study was carried out to explore the influence of sociodemographic factors as well as some attitudes (smoking and exercise) on the prevalence of obesity in the adult population of all 15 member states of the EU.DesignOverall, a sample of 15 239 individuals aged 15 years and upwards in the EU completed the questionnaire. Subject selection was quota-controlled to make the sample nationally representative following a multistage stratified cluster sampling. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI).ResultsFrom the EU average results, it can be seen that only about half of the EU population (48%) is within the normal weight range, while the obesity (BMI > ≥ 30 kg m−2) prevalence was about 10% in the EU and the overweight prevalence was 36.6% and 25.6% among men and women, respectively. UK subjects had the highest prevalence of obesity (12%), while Italians, French and Swedes had the lowest levels of obesity (about 7%). Concerning age and social class interactions, logistic regression analysis showed that high social class and younger individuals in all groups had a lower odds ratio for obesity prevalence. People with a higher level of education are less likely to be obese, while the interaction between educational levels and obesity was different for men and women. A low participation in various leisure-time physical activities, the lack of interest (precontemplation) in being involved in exercise/physical activity and the increasing number of hours sitting down at work appear to be predictors of obesity. Single individuals were less prone to become obese than couples or widowed/divorced people. Finally, smoking status was statistically linked to the prevalence of obesity, since non-smokers or ex-smokers for more than 1 year presented a higher tendency for a BMI > 30.ConclusionsThis survey confirms that a priority area for health intervention aimed at preventing the development of obesity should be to increase levels of physical activity, although the approach will depend on the population, especially with respect to educational and socioeconomic aspects.

Muscle CSA, Force Production, and Activation of Leg Extensors during Isometric and Dynamic Actions in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
Markku Alen ◽  
Mauri Kallinen ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Kirsi Jokelainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Leg Extensors

Forty-two healthy men and women in two age groups (40 and 70 years) were examined for muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), maximal voluntary bilateral isometric force, force-time characteristics, maximal concentric 1 RM. and power performance of the leg extensors in a sitting position, squat jump, and standing long-jump. The results suggested that the decline in maximal strength with increasing age is related to the decline in muscle CSA; however, particularly in older women, the force/CSA ratio may also be lowered. Explosive force seems to decrease with increasing age even more than maximal strength. suggesting that muscle atrophy with aging is greater in fast-twitch fibers. The voluntary activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles seems to vary depending on the type of muscle action and/or velocity and time duration of the action in both age groups but to a greater extent in older people. There appears to be an age-related increase in antagonist co activation. especially in dynamic explosive movements.

Disparities in obesity prevalence and obesity-related behaviors among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colwick Wilson ◽  
Susan Woolford ◽  
Leon Wilson ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Winetta Oloo
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective African Americans adolescents have disproportionately high rates of obesity compared to their Caucasian peers. Little is known about the rates of obesity among adolescents of African descent in countries with diverse populations. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and weight-related behaviors among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago and to explore differences by race and gender. Methods In this cross-sectional study, students from a national stratified sample of high schools (n = 42) in Trinidad and Tobago completed a self-administered survey regarding their health habits. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height (via a portable stadiometer) and weight (via a digital scale), and BMI percentiles determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. Univariate calculations and χ2 analyses were performed to determine obesity prevalence and explore associations between obesity and self-reported demographic factors and weight-related behaviors. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test mean difference in weight status and multivariate analyses explored the role of gender and race after adjusting for covariates. Results Of the 3618 adolescents in the study, 56.3% were female. Race: 31.9% Black-Trinidadian, 33.7% Indo-Trinidadian and 33.4% Mixed-Race. Mean age was 17.6 years. The overall prevalence of obesity was 7%, but this differed by race (Black-Trinidadians 17%, Mixed-Trinidadians 2%, Indo-Trinidadians 1%). Black-Trinidadian girls were most likely to be obese (28.1%) and to engage in obesity related habits than their peers. Conclusion Black-Trinidadian girls have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity than their peers. Further work should explore culturally tailored interventions to address obesity prevention and treatment in this group.

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