scholarly journals Body weight patterns in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City, Albania

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laidon Shapo ◽  
Joceline Pomerleau ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Richard Coker ◽  
Agron Ylli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

AbstractObjective:This paper reports the distribution and determinants of body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Tirana City (Albania).Design:Cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2001.Setting:Tirana City.Subjects:One thousand one hundred and twenty adults aged 25 years and over (response rate 72.7%), selected using multi-stage cluster sampling.Results:Over three-quarters of male and female respondents had an excess body weight. The overall population prevalence of obesity in Tirana was estimated to be 22.0% in men and 30.9% in women. Obesity affected both genders (age-standardised prevalence in males 22.0%, females 30.9%; age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.89; 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.67) and all age groups, but most particularly middle-aged women. The age-standardised overall prevalence of central obesity was 21.6% in men and 29.4% in women (age-adjusted OR 1.58; 99% CI 1.11–2.25), increasing with age (P<0.01). In women, the likelihood of being obese was inversely related to educational achievement (trendP= 0.001) and alcohol consumption (trendP= 0.009). Income, smoking and leisure-time physical activity were not associated with obesity.Conclusions:Excess weight and obesity are major public health problems in the adult population of Tirana, but most particularly in middle-aged women. The high obesity prevalence observed along with the recent decrease in physical activity, dietary changes and increase in smoking prevalence make it probable that there will be substantial increases in many non-communicable diseases in Albania in the coming decades. Health promotion strategies are needed that prevent excess weight gain in the Albanian population.

scholarly journals Variables independently associated with self-reported obesity in the European Union

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1a) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Martínez ◽  
JM Kearney ◽  
A Kafatos ◽  
S Paquet ◽  
MA Martínez-Gonzélez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Eu

AbstractObjectiveThe rapid increase in obesity rates over recent years suggest that cultural and societal influences are affecting the adjustment in the energy balance equation in addition to other physiopathological or genetic determinants. Therefore, a pan-EU study was carried out to explore the influence of sociodemographic factors as well as some attitudes (smoking and exercise) on the prevalence of obesity in the adult population of all 15 member states of the EU.DesignOverall, a sample of 15 239 individuals aged 15 years and upwards in the EU completed the questionnaire. Subject selection was quota-controlled to make the sample nationally representative following a multistage stratified cluster sampling. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI).ResultsFrom the EU average results, it can be seen that only about half of the EU population (48%) is within the normal weight range, while the obesity (BMI > ≥ 30 kg m−2) prevalence was about 10% in the EU and the overweight prevalence was 36.6% and 25.6% among men and women, respectively. UK subjects had the highest prevalence of obesity (12%), while Italians, French and Swedes had the lowest levels of obesity (about 7%). Concerning age and social class interactions, logistic regression analysis showed that high social class and younger individuals in all groups had a lower odds ratio for obesity prevalence. People with a higher level of education are less likely to be obese, while the interaction between educational levels and obesity was different for men and women. A low participation in various leisure-time physical activities, the lack of interest (precontemplation) in being involved in exercise/physical activity and the increasing number of hours sitting down at work appear to be predictors of obesity. Single individuals were less prone to become obese than couples or widowed/divorced people. Finally, smoking status was statistically linked to the prevalence of obesity, since non-smokers or ex-smokers for more than 1 year presented a higher tendency for a BMI > 30.ConclusionsThis survey confirms that a priority area for health intervention aimed at preventing the development of obesity should be to increase levels of physical activity, although the approach will depend on the population, especially with respect to educational and socioeconomic aspects.

PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF BODY MASS INDEX IN FOUR GROUPS OF QUEBEC ADULTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGUES PLOURDE ◽  
BERTRAND NOLIN ◽  
OLIVIER RECEVEUR ◽  
MARIELLE LEDOUX
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Psychosocial Correlates ◽  
Old Men

SummaryThe objective of the present analysis was to study the associations between body weight psychosocial correlates and body mass index (BMI) among four groups of adults in the Quebec population. Data were taken from the Social Lifestyles and Health 1998 Survey performed by the Institut de la Statistique du Québec (ISQ). The suggested guidelines of the ISQ were used to estimate the population's proportions and for statistical analysis. The groups studied were 25- to 44- and the 45- to 64-year-old men and women. In all groups, currently trying to lose weight increased the odds of reporting an excess weight. Better perceived eating habits was associated with lower BMI in most groups except in the 25- to 44-year-old women, where the trend was not significant. Higher number of physical activities related to transport and cigarette smoking were associated with lower BMI in both men groups. In both women groups, more frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages decreased significantly the odds of reporting excess body weight. A university degree was associated with a lower BMI only in the 25- to 44-year-old men. Regular practise of leisure time physical activity was associated with a lower BMI only in 45- to 64-year-old women. Opposite associations were observed between perceived health and BMI. In the 45- to 64-year-old men, better perceived health increased the odds of reporting an excess weight. Conversely, the odds of reporting excess weight decreased with better health in 25- to 44-year-old women. Many correlates differ between age group and sex. The identification of these factors illustrates the need to adapt obesity-related programmes toward specific sub-groups within the general population.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on dietary habits and physical activity in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Abduljalil Bakhsh ◽  
Jomana Khawandanah ◽  
Rouba Khalil Naaman ◽  
Shoug Alashmali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose strict hygiene and national lockdown measures, which in turn has changed the dietary and lifestyle habits of the world’s population. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate whether dietary and physical activity behaviors of Saudi Arabia’s adult population changed during the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods An electronic questionnaire which assessed changes in body weight, dietary habits, and physical activity of Saudi Arabia’s adult population (n = 2255) during the COVID-19 quarantine was distributed on social media between June and July 2020. To test the differences between changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors in relation to changes in body weight a Chi-square test was used. Results Over 40 and 45% of participants reported eating and snacking more, respectively, which led to weight gain in around 28%. Most participants reported that they consumed home-cooked (73%) and healthy meals (47%), while only 7% reported that they consumed foods from restaurants. Feelings of boredom and emptiness (44%) and the availability of time for preparing meals (40%) were the main reasons for changing dietary habits. Honey (43%) and vitamin C (50%) were the most consumed immune-boosting food and dietary supplement, respectively. COVID-19 also had a negative impact on physical activity, lowering the practice in 52% subjects, which was associated with significant weight gain (p < 0.001). Conclusion Assessing the changes to the population’s dietary habits and physical activity during the lockdown will help predict the outcome of the population’s future health and wellbeing after the pandemic.

Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Have Different Relationships With Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Working Nurses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Helen M. Parker ◽  
Robyn Gallagher ◽  
Christine Duffield ◽  
Ding Ding ◽  
David Sibbritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Activity Questionnaires

Background: Recent research has focused on the potential benefits of physical activity in occupational settings in addition to leisure time. However, occupational physical activity (OPA) differs substantially for occupations that require heavy and repetitive physical work, such as nursing. We explored associations between leisure time and OPA and health outcomes in working nurses and midwives. Methods: Nurses who were enrolled in the Fit For the Future study (New South Wales, Australia) and who completed physical activity questionnaires (n = 4343) were classified according to high (HO) or low (LO) occupational and high (HL) or low (LL) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA): HO performed walking/heavy labor most/all of the time at work; HL met the guidelines of 150 minutes per week moderate to vigorous LTPA, creating 4 categories: HOLL, HOHL, LOHL, and LOLL. Results: HL predicted better self-rated health (unstandardized B = 0.51, 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.57) and lower likelihood of ≥3 sick days in the past 12 months (OR: 0.71, 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.83), whereas HO predicted higher likelihood of ≥3 sick days (OR: 1.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.35), adjusting for all variables. Conclusions: OPA may not confer the same health benefits as LTPA for nurses. Health-promoting interventions should emphasize the importance of achieving adequate moderate to vigorous LTPA for all, including those undertaking substantial OPA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity in school adolescents in Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimala Sharma ◽  
Rosemary Cosme Chavez ◽  
Eun Woo Eun Woo Nam
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
World Health ◽  
After School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity in adolescents in Peru. METHODS: We used a self-administered questionnaire developed from Global school-based Student Health Survey to collect information from secondary school students in North Lima and Callao in 2015. We carried out Poisson regression with robust variance using generalized linear models to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of insufficient physical activity for its correlates. RESULTS: We have found that 78% of the adolescents did not meet the global recommendation of the World Health Organization on physical activity in the last week before the survey. Female respondents (APR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.21), respondents who perceived themselves as overweight (APR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.03–1.18), and respondents who consumed insufficient vegetables and fruits [no vegetables (APR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.06–1.59), no fruits (APR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.00–1.31) as compared to those who consumed ≥ 2 servings every day in the last seven days] were more likely to report insufficient physical activity. Adolescents who worked after school (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.84–0.99), had physical education classes five times per week (APR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.88–0.99), and had parental supervision (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.87–0.98) were less likely to report insufficient physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Sex, work after school, perceived body weight, physical education class, parental support, and healthy dietary behaviors were associated with insufficient physical activity. Attempts to improve physical activity should look for ways to enhance leisure-time physical activity, parental support, physical education classes, healthy dietary behaviors, and normal body weight maintenance in adolescents with integrated efforts from the family and school.

scholarly journals Abdominal obesity: prevalence, sociodemographic- and lifestyle-associated factors in adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian R. Tebar ◽  
Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei ◽  
Catarina C. Scarabotollo ◽  
Edner F. Zanuto ◽  
Bruna T. C. Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Obesity Prevalence

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors among adolescents, independent of confounders. Method: A sample of 14–17-year-old individuals (n=1.231), who were students from Londrina/PR-Brazil public schools, was studied. A questionnaire about physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic conditions was applied. Anthropometry was composed of body weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI=kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm). The association of abdominal obesity and independent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and the magnitude of associations was verified using Binary Logistic Regression in an unadjusted model and adjusted for confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behaviour). The confidence interval and statistical significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively, using SPSS v15.0. Results: The abdominal obesity prevalence was 17.5% (CI = 15.4%–19.6%), and was higher in boys than in girls. Adolescents with abdominal obesity had higher values of body weight, height, body mass index and sedentary behaviour compared to eutrophic individuals. Being male increased the risk of abdominal obesity by 36% in adolescents. This risk was two times higher in those with high levels of sedentary behaviour. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender and high levels of sedentary behaviour, regardless of confounding factors. Lifestyle habits are important modifiable risk factors that can effectively contribute to the reduction of obesity from an early age.

Abstract 15214: Commuting by Public Transportation is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Excess Body Weight, Hypertension, and Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisako Tsuji ◽  
Ichiro Shiojima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Commuting Mode ◽  
Car Driving

Background: Physical activity reduces body weight and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined associations of commuting mode with prevalence of excess body weight, hypertension and DM. Methods: We studied 16,397 subjects who had the annual health checkup offered to adult citizens of Moriguchi city, Osaka, Japan in 2012. The subjects were asked about their work (Is your work physically active, sedentary or "cannot say"?) and commuting mode (walking or cycling / bus or train / car driving). Odds ratios (OR) of prevalence of excess body weight (body mass index >25.0 kg/m 2 ), hypertension, and DM with 95% confidence intervals (CI) relative to the car driving group were calculated using logistic regression analyses adjusted for clinical variables. Results: There were 5,908 eligible workers. Characteristics of the subjects according to commuting mode are presented in the table. Compared to the car driving group, logistic regression analyses showed that the public transportation group had a significantly lower prevalence of excess body weight (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.45 to 0.69, p<0.0001) after adjustment for basic covariates (age, sex, smoking status, hypercholesterolemia, and physical activity of work) and hypertension, a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.59 to 0.90, p=0.0035) after adjustment for basic covariates and excess body weight, and a significantly lower prevalence of DM (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.99, p=0.0427) after adjustment for basic covariates, hypertension, excess body weight, and family history of DM. Conclusions: The use of public transportation was associated with lower prevalence of excess body weight, hypertension, and DM.

scholarly journals Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among adults in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zeiher ◽  
M Duch ◽  
L E Kroll ◽  
G B M Mensink ◽  
J D Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Physical Measurements

Abstract Background Studies show that occupational physical activity (OPA) has less health-enhancing effects than leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The spare data available suggests that OPA rarely includes aerobic PAs with little or no enhancing effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a possible explanation. This study aims to investigate the associations between patterns of OPA and LTPA and CRF among adults in Germany. Methods 1,204 men and 1,303 women (18-64 years), who participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 2008-2011, completed a standardized sub-maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Job positions were coded according to the level of physical effort to construct an occupational PA index and categorized as low vs. high OPA. LTPA was assessed via questionnaires and dichotomized in no vs. any LTPA participation. A combined LTPA/OPA variable was used (high OPA/ LTPA, low OPA/LTPA, high OPA/no LTPA, low OPA/no LTPA). Information on potential confounders was obtained via questionnaires (e.g., smoking and education) or physical measurements (e.g., waist circumference). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to analyze associations between OPA/LTPA patterns and VO2max. Results Preliminary analyses showed that less-active men were more likely to have a low VO2max with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.80 for low OPA/LTPA, 1.84 for high OPA/no LTPA and 3.46 for low OPA/no LTPA compared to high OPA/LTPA. The corresponding ORs for women were 1.11 for low OPA/LTPA, 3.99 for high OPA/no LTPA and 2.44 for low OPA/no LTPA, indicating the highest likelihood of low fitness for women working in physically demanding jobs and not engaging in LTPA. Conclusions Findings confirm a strong association between LTPA and CRF and suggest an interaction between OPA and LTPA patterns on CRF within the workforce in Germany. Women without LTPA are at high risk of having a low CRF, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Key messages Women not practicing leisure-time physical activity are at risk of having a low cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Different impact of domains of physical activity should be considered when planning interventions to enhance fitness among the adult population.

scholarly journals Association between leisure-time physical activity and the risk of chronic diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dedele ◽  
A Miskinyte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization, non-communicable diseases or chronic diseases, account for 71 percent of all deaths globally, affecting individuals of all age groups and countries. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between a lack of physical activity (PA) and the risk of raised blood pressure, increased body mass index and obesity that can lead to chronic diseases. Methods The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between leisure-time PA and the risk of chronic diseases among adult population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 470 men and 641 women who participated in “The Impact of Sustainable Mobility, Physical Activity and Environmental Factors on Urban Population Health Study (ISMA)” in Lithuania. Leisure-time PA was self-reported and divided into three levels: low, moderate and high. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of chronic diseases according to leisure-time PA. Results More than half (55%) of the study population engaged in a moderate intensity PA and 12% of participants engaged in a high intensity leisure-time PA. Men 1.6 times more often than women reported engaging in a high intensity PA in leisure time (p = 0.004). Adults who engaged in low intensity leisure-time PA had almost 3 times (OR = 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-5.24) higher risk of chronic diseases, whereas those adults who reported moderate intensity leisure-time PA had an OR of 1.63 (95% CI 0.92-2.87) compared to individuals who engaged in a high-level PA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high levels of leisure-time PA could reduce the risk of chronic diseases and this effect was significantly stronger in men. Key messages Global decline in PA is related to inaction during leisure time and sedentary behaviour at work and at home that has a major health impact worldwide. High levels of leisure-time PA are important factor for chronic disease prevention.

scholarly journals Burden of prediabetes, undiagnosed, and poorly or potentially sub-controlled diabetes: Lolland-Falster health study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Esmailzadeh Bruun-Rasmussen ◽  
George Napolitano ◽  
Allan Kofoed-Enevoldsen ◽  
Stig Egil Bojesen ◽  
Christina Ellervik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Perception ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, poorly and potentially sub-controlled diabetes in a rural-provincial general adult population in Denmark. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the Lolland-Falster Health Study, we examined a total of 10,895 individuals aged 20 years and above. Results Prevalence of prediabetes was 5.8% (men: 6.1%; women: 5.5%); of undiagnosed diabetes 0.8% (men: 1.0%; women: 0.5%); of poorly controlled diabetes 1.2% (men: 1.5%; women: 0.8%); and of potentially sub-controlled diabetes 2% (men: 3.0%; women: 1.3%). In total, 9.8% of all participants had a diabetes-related condition in need of intervention; men at a higher risk than women; RR 1.41 (95% CI 1.26–1.58); person aged + 60 years more than younger; RR 2.66 (95% CI 2.34–3.01); obese more than normal weight person, RR 4.51 (95% CI 3.79–5.38); smokers more than non-smokers, RR 1.38 (95% CI 1.19–1.62); persons with self-reported poor health perception more than those with good, RR 2.59 (95% CI 2.13–3.15); low leisure time physical activity more than those with high, RR 2.64 (95% CI 2.17–3.22); and persons with self-reported hypertension more than those without, RR 3.28 (95% CI 2.93–3.68). Conclusions In the Lolland-Falster Health Study, nearly 10% of participants had prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, poorly controlled, or potentially sub-controlled diabetes. The risk of these conditions was more than doubled in persons with self-reported poor health perception, self-reported hypertension, low leisure time physical activity, or measured obesity, and a large proportion of people with diabetes-related conditions in need of intervention can therefore be identified relatively easily.

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