scholarly journals Epidemiological and nutritional transition in Mexico: rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A Rivera ◽  
Simón Barquera ◽  
Fabricio Campirano ◽  
Ismael Campos ◽  
Margarita Safdie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
Nutritional Transition ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates

AbstractObjective:The objective of this paper is to characterise the epidemiological and nutritional transition and their determinants in Mexico.Design:Age-adjusted standardised mortality rates (SMRs) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus and hypertension were calculated for 1980–1998. Changes in the prevalences of overweight and obesity in women and children and of dietary intake from 1988 to 1999 were also used in the analysis. Quantities of food groups purchased by adult equivalent (AE) and food expenditures away from home between 1984 and 1989 were used to assess trends. All information was analysed at the national and regional levels, and by urban and rural areas.Results:SMR for diabetes, AMI and hypertension increased dramatically parallel to obesity at the national and regional levels. Fat intake in women and the purchase of refined carbohydrates, including soda, also increased.Discussion:The results suggest that obesity is playing a role in the increased SMRs of diabetes, AMI and hypertension in Mexico. Total energy dietary intake and food purchase data could not explain the rise in the prevalence of obesity. The increases in fat intake and the purchase of refined carbohydrates may be risk factors for increased mortality. Information on physical activity was not available.Conclusion:SMRs due to diabetes, hypertension and AMI have increased dramatically in parallel with the prevalence of obesity; therefore actions should be taken for the prevention of obesity. Reliable information about food consumption and physical activity is required to assess their specific roles in the aetiology of obesity.

scholarly journals Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044066
Author(s):  
Prashant Mathur ◽  
Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽  
Sravya Leburu ◽  
Anand Krishnan ◽  
Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

scholarly journals RMR-Related MAP2K6 Gene Variation on the Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Children: A 3-Year Panel Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Myoungsook Lee ◽  
Yunkyoung Lee ◽  
Inhae Kang ◽  
Jieun Shin ◽  
Sungbin R. Sorn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

From a pilot GWAS, seven MAP2K6 (MEK6) SNPs were significantly associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR) in obese children aged 8–9 years. The aim of this study was to investigate how RMR-linked MEK6 variation affected obesity in Korean children. With the follow-up students (77.9%) in the 3-year panel study, the changes of the variables associated with obesity (such as anthropometrics, blood biochemistry, and dietary intake) were collected. After the MEK6 SNPs were screened by Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0, the genotyping of the seven MEK6 SNPs was performed via SNaPshot assay. As the prevalence of obesity (≥85th percentile) increased from 19.4% to 25.5%, the rates of change of the variables RMR, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and dietary intake (energy and carbohydrate intakes) increased. The rate of overweight/obesity was higher in all mutant alleles of the seven MEK6 SNPs than it was in the matched children without mutant alleles. However, over the 3-year study period, RMRs were only significantly increased by the mutants of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs996229 and rs756942, mainly related to male overweight/obesity as both WC and SBP levels increased. In the mutants of two of the SNPs, the odds ratio of overweight/obesity risk was six times higher in the highest tercile of fat intake and SBP than those of the lowest tercile. For personalized medicine to prevent pediatric obesity, SBP, WC, and dietary fat intake should be observed, particularly if boys have mutants of MEK6 SNPs, rs9916229, or rs756942.

scholarly journals An overview of the nutrition transition in West Africa: implications for non-communicable diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Bosu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Dual Burden

The nutrition landscape in West Africa has been dominated by the programmes to address undernutrition. However, with increasing urbanisation, technological developments and associated change in dietary patterns and physical activity, childhood and adult overweight, and obesity are becoming more prevalent. There is an evidence of increasing intake of dietary energy, fat, sugars and protein. There is low consumption of fruit and vegetables universally in West Africa. Overall, the foods consumed are predominantly traditional with the component major food groups within recommended levels. Most of the West African countries are at the early stages of nutrition transition but countries such as Cape Verde, Ghana and Senegal are at the latter stages. In the major cities of the region, children consume energy-dense foods such as candies, ice cream and sweetened beverages up to seven times as frequently as fruit and vegetables. Adult obesity rates have increased by 115 % in 15 years since 2004. In Ghana, the prevalence of overweight/obesity in women has increased from 12·8 % in 1993 to 29·9 % in 2008. In Accra, overweight/obesity in women has increased from 62·2 % in 2003 to 64·9 % in 2009. The age-standardised proportion of adults who engage in adequate levels of physical activity ranges from 46·8 % in Mali to 94·7 % in Benin. The lingering stunting in children and the rising overweight in adults have resulted to a dual burden of malnutrition affecting 16·2 % of mother–child pairs in Cotonou. The prevalence of hypertension has been increased and ranges from 17·6 % in Burkina Faso to 38·7 % in Cape Verde. The prevalence is higher in the cities: 40·2 % in Ougadougou, 46·0 % in St Louis and 54·6 % in Accra. The prevalence of diabetes ranges from 2·5 to 7·9 % but could be as high as 17·9 % in Dakar, Senegal. The consequences of nutrition transition are not only being felt by the persons in the high socioeconomic class, but also in cities such as Accra and Ouagadougou, where at least 19 % of adults from the poorest households are overweight and 19–28 % have hypertension. Concerted national action involving governments, partners, private sector and civil society is needed to re-orient health systems and build capacity to address the dual burden of malnutrition, to regulate the food and beverage industry and to encourage healthy eating throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Genetic Variants in Lipid Metabolism Pathways Interact with Diet to Influence Blood Lipid Concentrations in Adults with Overweight and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Bridget A. Hannon ◽  
Caitlyn G. Edwards ◽  
Sharon V. Thompson ◽  
Sarah K. Burke ◽  
Nicholas A. Burd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The effect of various types of dietary fat on cardiometabolic health continues to be debated, due in part to the high heterogeneity of results following clinical trials investigating the effects of saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fat intake. This variability may be due to genetic differences. Individuals with obesity are at an increased risk for adverse cardiometabolic health and dyslipidemia, and often present with the combined phenotype of elevated triglyceride (TG) and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Studying genetic variants relevant to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism can elucidate the mechanisms by which diet might interact with genotype to influence these phenotypes. The objective of this study was to determine relationships of genetic variation, dietary fat intake, and blood lipid concentrations in adults with overweight and obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Genomic DNA, blood lipid concentrations (HDL and TG), and 7-day diet records were obtained from 101 adults (25–45 years of age) with overweight or obesity. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and used to determine implausible intakes using a modified Goldberg method (kilocalories/REE). Genetic variants included 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 15 genes in lipid metabolism pathways. Variants were analyzed with dietary fat intake (total fat, SFA, monounsaturated fat [MUFA], and polyunsaturated fat [PUFA]) via regression analyses. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ancestry, visceral adipose tissue mass, and total kilocalorie intake. The Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two interactions were detected for TG concentrations. Five gene-diet interactions were associated with HDL concentrations. There was a significant interaction detected between the rs5882 variant of cholesterol-esterase transfer protein (<i>CETP</i>) and MUFA intake to associate with TG concentrations (interaction <i>p</i> = 0.004, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.306). Among carriers of the <i>CETP-</i>rs5882 major allele (G), TG concentrations were significantly lower in individuals consuming more than the median MUFA intake (31 g/day) than in those with an intake below the median. Total dietary fat intake interacted with the rs13702 polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase (<i>LPL</i>) to associate with HDL concentrations (interaction <i>p</i> = 0.041, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.419), by which individuals with the risk allele (G) had significantly higher HDL concentrations when consuming a higher-fat diet (&#x3e;92 g/day) than those with a lower-fat diet (56 ± 3 vs. 46 ± 2 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.033). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Interactions between dietary intake and genes in lipid metabolism pathways were found to be associated with blood lipid concentrations in adults with overweight and obesity. Fatty acid intake may not modulate blood lipid concentrations uniformly across all individuals. Additional research is needed to determine the biological causes of individual variability in response to dietary intake. Understanding the influence of nutrigenetic interactions on dyslipidemia can aid in the development and implementation of personalized dietary strategies to improve health.

scholarly journals Differences in Overweight and Obesity among Children from Migrant and Native Origin: The Role of Physical Activity, Dietary Intake, and Sleep Duration

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0123672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Labree ◽  
Dike van de Mheen ◽  
Frans Rutten ◽  
Gerda Rodenburg ◽  
Gerrit Koopmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

scholarly journals The development and evaluation of a novel computer program to assess previous-day dietary and physical activity behaviours in school children: The Synchronised Nutrition and Activity ProgramTM (SNAPTM)

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Moore ◽  
Louisa J. Ells ◽  
Sally A. McLure ◽  
Sean Crooks ◽  
David Cumbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Food Groups

Self-report recall questionnaires used to measure physical activity and dietary intake in children can be labour intensive and monotonous and tend to focus on either dietary intake or physical activity. The web-based software, Synchronised Nutrition and Activity ProgramTM (SNAPTM), was developed to produce a novel, simple, quick and engaging method of assessing energy balance-related behaviours at a population level, combining principles from new and existing 24 h recall methodologies, set within a user-friendly interface. Dietary intake was measured using counts for twenty-one food groups and physical activity levels were measured in min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A combination of the mean difference between methods, type II regression and non-parametric limits of agreement techniques were used to examine the accuracy and precision of SNAPTM. Method comparison analyses demonstrated a good agreement for both dietary intake and physical activity behaviours. For dietary variables, accuracy of SNAPTM (mean difference) was within ± 1 count for the majority of food groups. The proportion of the sample with between-method agreement within ± 1 count ranged from 0·40 to 0·99. For min of MVPA, there was no substantial fixed or proportional bias, and a mean difference between methods (SNAPTM – accelerometry) of − 9 min. SNAPTM provides a quick, accurate, low-burden, cost-effective and engaging method of assessing energy balance behaviours at a population level. Tools such as SNAPTM, which exploit the popularity, privacy and engagement of the computer interface, and linkages with other datasets, could make a substantial contribution to future public health monitoring and research.

scholarly journals Reliability Tests on Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, Social Support, and Social Cognitive Questionnaires of Overweight And Obesity in Female Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeti Rahelli ◽  
◽  
Agus Kristiyanto ◽  
Bhisma Murti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Cronbach Alpha

Background: Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions globally, with a threefold increase from 1975 to 2016. The percentage of obese adolescents aged 12-19 years increased from 5% to 21% over the same period. Social Cognitive Theory can determine human behavior in limiting food intake (diet) and regular physical activity. A valid and accurate measuring instrument for the factors influencing obesity is essential. This study aimed to determine the reliability of measuring instruments for diet, physical activity, social support, and Social Cognitive Theory on overweight and obesity in adolescent girls. Subjects and Method: This study used primary data. As many as 15 study subjects were selected by simple random sampling. The value of item-rest correlation and Cronbach’s alpha were examined using split half method run on Stata 14. Results: Dietary intake questionnaire haditem-rest correlation ≥0.20 with Cronbach alpha= 0.77. Physical activity questionnaire had item-rest correlation ≥0.20 with Cronbach alpha= 0.78. Social support questionnaire had item-rest correlation ≥0.20 with Cronbach alpha= 0.88. Social cognitive theory questionnaire had item-rest correlation ≥0.20 with Cronbach alpha= 0.89. Conclusion: Dietary intake, physical activity, and social cognitive questionnaires are reliable to be used. Keywords: reliability, item-rest correlation, Cronbach alpha Correspondence: Yeti Rahelli. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082179940557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.65

scholarly journals Hvordan etablere en sunn livsstil hos en overvektig inaktiv kvinne med psykisk utviklingshemning

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 180�
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Mette Kristin Rach ◽  
Line Margrethe Solhaug
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

<strong>How to establish a healthy lifestyle in an overweight, inactive woman with an intellectual disability</strong><br />Overweight and obesity are associated with increased health risks and shortened life span. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, and a higher prevalence of obesity has been observed in persons with intellectual disability than in the general population. In this study, we want to establish a healthy lifestyle with a healthy diet and increased physical activity in an obese, inactive women with intellectual disability. Using interventions based on applied behavioural analysis, the women have established new habits in terms of diet and increased physical activity. The number of hours with physical activity per week has doubled, and both weight and waist circumference decreased during the eight weeks of the study. She maintained her new healthy lifestyle, after the study. More research is needed in interventions that can help reduce obesity in persons with intellectual disability.

scholarly journals OBESITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
FARHEEN UMAR QURESHI ◽  
JAWAD HUSSAIN ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined only to developed countries but is also widely prevalent in developing countries. The study under report relates to determining prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescent school boys. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys of public and private secondary schools, Faisalabad, and to relate it with their dietary style and physical activity. Study Design: Cross sectional and institutional based study. Methods: A total of 600 school boys of different age groups from the classes 6th to 10th were randomly selected and included for anthropometric measurements to categorize them into normal, overweight and obese individual. Their diet pattern and physical activity records were taken to correlate it with the obesity level. Results: The collected data revealed that 423 (70.5%) boys were normal. Whereas 98 (16.3%) were found to be overweight. Out of these, 72 (24.0%) were from private schools; while 26 (8.7%) were from government schools. Only 6 (2.0%) fell into obese category, and all belonged to private schools. No one was found to be obese in government schools. Mean ± SD weights (kg) in government and private school boys were 50.93 ± 7.18 and 56.34 ± 11.94, respectively whereas mean ± SD heights (m) of government and private schools boys were found to be 1.55 ± 6.64 and 1.56 ± 7.92 respectively. The data was statistically analyzed which exhibited significant relation with weight and BMI value. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in boys who ate junk foods and spent more time in watching television and sitting before computers. The findings of this study was found in agreement with certain earlier studies that revealed prevalence of obesity is to be on the increase among the private school boys of the area. It is, therefore, emphasized that regular physical exercise, regulated television viewing, doing household activities, balanced diet and healthy eating habits should be motivated in school children to ensure control of overweight and obesity, in this class of children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document