scholarly journals Food composition issues – implications for the development of food-based dietary guidelines

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Leclercq ◽  
Liisa M Valsta ◽  
Aida Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Food Composition Data

AbstractSound food composition databases that are both comprehensive and representative of available foods are an essential basic tool to develop Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). The main drawbacks of current food composition databases available in the European Union are: partial coverage of foods and nutrients, variability of analytical data, lack of accuracy in the description of food items, need for harmonisation of the expression of nutrients. An inappropriate use of these databases could lead to gross errors in the assessment of the nutrient intake levels, in the identification of the major sources of a nutrient, in the comparison of data between countries and in the analysis of time trends. Inadequacy of food composition data is, in part, responsible for the failure to understand some relationships between nutrient intakes and health or disease and for difficulties in establishing quantitative dietary guidelines in terms of nutrients. Recommendations are made for the compilation of future food composition databases and tools are proposed to enhance the quality of existing data. A careful study of the food composition databases is always necessary before nutrition recommendations are given and before trends in nutrient intakes are interpreted.

scholarly journals Assessing diets of 3-year-old children: evaluation of an FFQ

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Jarman ◽  
Catherine M Fisk ◽  
Georgia Ntani ◽  
Sarah R Crozier ◽  
Keith M Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Child Characteristics ◽  
Food Composition Data ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of an administered eighty-item FFQ to assess nutrient intake and diet quality in 3-year-old children.DesignFrequency of consumption and portion size of the foods listed on the FFQ during the 3 months preceding the interview were reported by the child's main caregiver; after the interview a 2 d prospective food diary (FD) was completed on behalf of the child. Nutrient intakes from the FFQ and FD were estimated using UK food composition data. Diet quality was assessed from the FFQ and FD according to the child's scores for a principal component analysis-defined dietary pattern (‘prudent’ pattern), characterised by high consumption of fruit, vegetables, water and wholemeal cereals.SettingSouthampton, UK.SubjectsChildren (n 892) aged 3 years in the Southampton Women's Survey.ResultsIntakes of all nutrients assessed by the FFQ were higher than FD estimates, but there was reasonable agreement in terms of ranking of children (range of Spearman rank correlations for energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, rs = 0·41 to 0·59). Prudent diet scores estimated from the FFQ and FD were highly correlated (r = 0·72). Some family and child characteristics appeared to influence the ability of the FFQ to rank children, most notably the number of child's meals eaten away from home.ConclusionsThe FFQ provides useful information to allow ranking of children at this age with respect to nutrient intake and quality of diet, but may overestimate absolute intakes. Dietary studies of young children need to consider family and child characteristics that may impact on reporting error associated with an FFQ.

scholarly journals Contribution of folic acid-fortified foods to fertile women’s folate Recommended Nutrient Intake through breakfast simulation models

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1960-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken ◽  
Elena Alonso-Aperte ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Food Composition Tables

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the potential contribution of foods fortified with folic acid (FA) to target population intakes when included as part of a healthy breakfast.DesignBreakfast models aligned with the Spanish Dietary Guidelines were studied using the recommended, average and 95th percentile of serving sizes consumed by women of childbearing age. Food composition data were obtained from a database including FA analytical data from sixty-eight products and the Spanish food composition tables. Different scenarios were assessed with the inclusion of one, two or three FA-fortified products and with two different fortification levels: ≤33 µg/serving (L1) and ≥70 µg/serving (L4). FA contents provided by the different models for each scenario were compared with the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for folate and the Upper Level (UL) of intake for FA.SettingMadrid Region, Spain.SubjectsWomen aged 16–49 years were considered.ResultsOverall, simulation of ten breakfast models and three scenarios of product inclusion accounted for 20–25 % of total daily energy recommendations for women. Unfortified breakfast models provided on average 4–23 % of the folate RNI. Inclusion of one L4 FA-fortified food contributed 20–60 % of the RNI. Fortified yoghurt and milk had the highest FA contents per serving. Scenarios with two or three fortified products delivered 40–80 % of the RNI. None of the evaluated models exceeded the FA UL.ConclusionsAt existing levels of FA fortification, inclusion of fortified products as part of a regular breakfast meal could positively impact the nutritional quality of women’s diet without involving a risk of excessive FA exposure.

scholarly journals Usual nutrient intake adequacy among young, rural Zambian children

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bess L. Caswell ◽  
Sameera A. Talegawkar ◽  
Ward Siamusantu ◽  
Keith P. West ◽  
Amanda C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Distribution Frequency

AbstractInadequate nutrient intakes put children at risk for impaired growth and development. We described diet, usual intakes of energy and macro- and micronutrients and prevalence of nutrient intake adequacies among 4–8-year-old Zambian children. Children not yet in school and living in Mkushi District, Central Province, Zambia were enrolled into an efficacy trial of pro-vitamin A biofortified maize. Children in the non-intervened arm were included in this analysis (n 202). Dietary intake data were collected by tablet-based 24-h recall on a monthly basis over the 6-month trial. Observed nutrient intakes were derived from reported food quantities, standard recipes and food composition tables. Usual nutrient intake distributions were modelled based on observed intakes. Prevalence of inadequacy was estimated by comparing the usual nutrient intake distribution to the nutrient requirement distribution. Frequency and quantity of consumption of commonly reported foods were described and key sources of energy and nutrients were identified. Median usual energy intake was 6422 kJ/d (1535 kcal/d). Most childrens’ macronutrient intakes fell within recommended ranges (74–98 %). Estimated prevalences of inadequate intakes of Fe, folate, vitamin B12 and Ca were 25, 57, 76 and >99 %, respectively. Estimated prevalences of inadequacy for other micronutrients were low (0·1–2·2 %). Commonly consumed foods included maize, vegetable oil, tomatoes, rape leaves and small fish (>0·6 servings/d), whereas meat, eggs or dairy were rarely eaten (<0·2 servings/d). These findings suggest that the heavily plant-based diet of rural Zambian children provides inadequate Ca, folate, vitamin B12 and Fe to meet recommended nutrient intakes.

scholarly journals Optimising preterm nutrition: present and future

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Brennan ◽  
Brendan P. Murphy ◽  
Mairead E. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
The Individual

The goal of preterm nutrition in achieving growth and body composition approximating that of the fetus of the same postmenstrual age is difficult to achieve. Current nutrition recommendations depend largely on expert opinion, due to lack of evidence, and are primarily birth weight based, with no consideration given to gestational age and/or need for catch-up growth. Assessment of growth is based predominately on anthropometry, which gives insufficient attention to the quality of growth. The present paper provides a review of the current literature on the nutritional management and assessment of growth in preterm infants. It explores several approaches that may be required to optimise nutrient intakes in preterm infants, such as personalising nutritional support, collection of nutrient intake data in real-time, and measurement of body composition. In clinical practice, the response to inappropriate nutrient intakes is delayed as the effects of under- or overnutrition are not immediate, and there is limited nutritional feedback at the cot-side. The accurate and non-invasive measurement of infant body composition, assessed by means of air displacement plethysmography, has been shown to be useful in assessing quality of growth. The development and implementation of personalised, responsive nutritional management of preterm infants, utilising real-time nutrient intake data collection, with ongoing nutritional assessments that include measurement of body composition is required to help meet the individual needs of preterm infants.

Zen Macrobiotic Dietary Problems in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-329
Author(s):  
John R. K. Robson ◽  
J. E. Konlande ◽  
F. A. Larkin ◽  
P. A. O'Connor ◽  
Hsi-Yen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Supplementary Foods

Two infants fed Kokoh, a Zen macrobiotic food mixture comprising cereal grains, legumes, and oil seeds, for a period of several months weighed 4.96 kg and 5.81 kg at 7 and 13 months of age, respectively. Kokoh formulas were evaluated by computation using food composition tables and chemical analysis. The computed energy value of Kokoh was within 3% of that measured by calorimetry. The daily intake of energy by the infants from Kokoh and other supplementary foods was about 400 Calories. This represents only 40% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (R.D.A.) for the United States. The estimated protein intake was 11 gm for one child, and 13 gm for the other. The quality of the Kokoh protein as determined by computation was adequate for growth, but the analytical data suggested that the amino acid pattern was poor. The unsatisfactory nature of the formulas given to the infants was due to excessive dilution. There is a need for more definitive data on the feasibility of feeding infants Kokoh and similar foods, at a concentration that will meet energy needs. Further information is required on the amino acid content of plant foods used for infant feeding. Until more is known about feeding infants on plant food proteins, infants and children fed Kokoh should be kept under strict surveillance.

scholarly journals Estimation of plant sterol and cholesterol intake in Finland: quality of new values and their effect on intake

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Valsta ◽  
A. Lemström ◽  
M.-L. Ovaskainen ◽  
A.-M. Lampi ◽  
J. Toivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Capita Food

The Finnish national food composition database Fineli® was updated with recent analytical values for plant sterols (PS) (sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, avenasterol, brassicasterols and stanols) and cholesterol. The quality of the new analytical data was assessed. The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare the effect of old and new database values on PS and cholesterol intakes based on average per capita food consumption data; (2) to estimate the current intake and major sources of these compounds in various population groups according to the national FINDIET 1997 survey data. The intake of total PS was 305 mg/d for men and 237 mg/d for women. The respective intakes for cholesterol were 284 mg/d and 201 mg/d. Women had a higher density of PS in their diets than men, whereas the cholesterol density in the diets did not differ between genders. Cereals, margarine, vegetables and vegetable oils were the main food sources of PS. Meat, meat products and eggs were the main sources of cholesterol. A 9 % greater PS intake estimate was obtained with the new PS database compared with the old PS database, probably due to minor methodological differences between the new and old analyses. Notable changes in analytical methods suggest a lower value (−19 %) for cholesterol intake calculated from the new database compared with the old one. We conclude that researchers can have confidence in the new values for PS and cholesterol, because systematic evaluation of the new analytical values showed them to be of high quality.

scholarly journals Some Issues and Problems in the Usefulness of Chemical Composition Data across Boundaries

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Bressani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Food Composition Data ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Processing Factors

This paper discusses some of the issues and problems of using Latin American food composition tables. Little effort has been made to upgrade the quality of the data and increase the number of nutrients per food since 1960, when most of the tables were published. Four main issues which may cause problems in the interchange of food composition data are discussed: (I) identification, classification, and description of the sample; (2) specific factors that influence the chemical composition of the food; (3) processing factors, and (4) analysis of the sample. The paper concludes that the analytical values of the foods of one region can be used in another region if there is a process of selection that takes into consideration all possible information on the sample. Increased communication between countries would enhance the use of foreign data.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Dry Vegetable Soups

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo van Buren ◽  
Christian H. Grün ◽  
Silke Basendowski ◽  
Martin Spraul ◽  
Rachel Newson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Composition Data

Dry soups with vegetables are often perceived as having low nutritional quality, but there are only limited data on the nutritional value of dry soups. Therefore, we measured the nutritional composition of dry vegetable powders used in dry soups and compared the results with published data on fresh and cooked vegetables. We also analyzed the nutritional composition of dry vegetable soups and compared these with published data on home-made and other soups. Dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and carotenoids in dry vegetables powders and soups were analyzed. Based on these data, a nutrient density score was calculated as measure of overall nutritional quality. Nutrient density scores for fresh and cooked vegetables, as well as home-made and other soups, were calculated based on the United Stated Department of Agriculture (USDA) and “Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel” (BLS) food composition data. The nutrient density scores of dry vegetable powders did not systematically differ from cooked vegetables. Nutrient contributions to European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) dietary reference intakes per 250 mL serving of soup ranged from 11–45% for fiber; 3–23% for iron, magnesium, and zinc; 8–22% for potassium; 11–15% for vitamin A; 2–17% for B-vitamins; and 2–15% for vitamin K. The nutrient density scores of dry vegetable soups were in the same order of those of home-made and other soups. These data indicate that dry vegetable soups, like home-made soups, can deliver a significant part of recommended daily nutrient and vegetable intake.

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