Physiological characterization of a phenotypically distinct jute (Corchorus olitorius) genotype

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palit ◽  
J. H. Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Lower Height

In a search for high-quality jute (Corchorus olitorius) fibre using phenotypic marker(s), a single plant from CRIJAF accession OIJ 154 was isolated on the basis of its unique red-tinted pale green stem, which becomes crimson red at maturity, and was given a code name, PPO4. Progenies from this selection bred true with respect to morphological characters. It has a slightly lower height at maturity, but has comparable yield and a higher harvest index when compared to the most popular high-yielding variety JRO 524. In spite of having lower chlorophyll per unit weight of leaf tissue, the photosynthetic rate per unit chlorophyll, the relative growth rate of PPO4 was higher than JRO 524. A composite analysis of quality parameters indicated that the genotype is of higher grade (between TD2 and TD3) with very fine (1.5 tex) fibre of high tensile strength (19.7 g/tex). The lignin content (ca 14%) of the fibre was also less than that of JRO524 (ca 17%) under standard assay conditions. This plant type, with distinct morphological markers, could be utilized in breeding programmes for the genetic improvement of jute.

scholarly journals Morphological and Pathogenic Variability amongMacrophomina phaseolinaIsolates Associated with Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) Wilczek from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Iqbal ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Medium Weight

Macrophomina phaseolinais a serious pathogen of many crops. In the present studies, 65 isolates ofMacrophomina phaseolinafrom different agroecological regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan were analyzed for morphological and pathogenic variability. Regardless of their geographic origins, significant differences were detected among 65 isolates in their radial growth, sclerotial size, and weight as well as in pathogenicity. Sixteen isolates were rated as fast growing, 11 as slow growing, and the rest of the isolates as medium growing. Nine isolates were classified as large sized, 26 as small sized, and the remaining 30 isolates as medium sized. Thirty five isolates were ranked as heavy weight, 12 as low weight, and the rest of isolates were grouped as medium weight. Ten fungal isolates appeared to be least virulent, whereas eight isolates of diverse origin proved to be highly virulent against mungbean cultivars. The remaining isolates were regarded as moderately virulent. No relationship was found among the morphological characters and pathogenicity of the isolates. These morphological and pathogenic variations in various isolates ofM. phaseolinamay be considered important in disease management systems and will be useful in breeding programmes of mungbean cultivars resistant to charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Egg quality assessment at different storage conditions, seasons and laying hen strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Feddern ◽  
Marina Celant De Prá ◽  
Rúbia Mores ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽  
Arlei Coldebella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Haugh Unit

ABSTRACT Eggs are one of nearly perfect protein foods, offering nutrients of great biological value. However, during storage, egg albumen and yolk components may alter and deteriorate egg quality. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess egg quality during 9-week storage. Parameters such as Haugh unit, weight loss, egg width and length, specific gravity, yolk and albumen dimensions and their pH were evaluated weekly. A total of 270 eggs (n=5) collected from two different hen strains were evaluated under room (20 to 35 °C in summer; 11.2 to 29.7 °C in autumn) and refrigerated (0 to 5 °C in summer; -3.1 to 6.5 °C in autumn) temperatures. For storage time, an unfolding analysis was accomplished by regression analysis using orthogonal polynomials. As a second approach, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to assess correlations among quality parameters on storage conditions and laying hen strains. By the end of the 9-week storage period, eggs kept under refrigeration presented similar quality parameters to eggs stored at room temperature for only 3 weeks. In contrast, eggs kept at room temperature presented faster degradation from week 1 to 5. No differences on egg quality parameters were noticed between white and brown shells eggs. PCA suggests that better egg quality (first week) was associated mainly with higher egg weight and its specific gravity, Haugh unit and albumen height. Eggs stored at room temperature should be consumed in 2 weeks or refrigerated until 8 weeks, preserving internal quality from farm to retail.

COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Treatment Water

The effects of water stress of varying duration and intensity (Dry treatment) on the in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of different plant fractions of three tropical grasses (green panic, buffel and spear grass) and a tropical legume (Siratro) grown in plots under semi-arid field conditions is reported. Other plots of these species were irrigated regularly for comparison (Wet treatment). Generally, the DMD of herbage from water-stressed grasses was either similar to or higher than that from plants of the Wet treatment. Where DMD of leaves was higher for the Dry treatment this was usually due to a slower decline in their DMD as they aged. Most comparisons of dead leaf tissue indicated a higher DMD for the Dry than the Wet treatment. The most recently expanded leaves usually did not differ in DMD between Wet and Dry treatment. Water stress slowed stem development in the grasses and, particularly in early spring when this effect was most evident, the DMD of stem was higher in the Dry than the Wet treatment. Water stress applied to buffel grass stems after they had elongated and started flowering did not affect their DMD compared with the Wet treatment. Cell wall and lignin content of herbage from the Dry treatment was similar to or lower than that from the Wet treatment. In contrast to the grasses, the stress-adapted small leaves of Siratro, which developed after some time under water stress conditions, were lower in DMD than the recently expanded Wet leaves; their lignin and cellulose contents were higher but hemicellulose markedly lower than those of Wet leaves.

scholarly journals Jute (Corchorus olitorius var. O-72) stem lignin: variation in content with age

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Tanmoy ◽  
MA Alum ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
T Farzana ◽  
H Khan
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Stem Lignin

Stem lignin content of a mature jute plant was found to be around 29% giving a deposition rate of 0.21% per day. The study was made on individual plants of different ages starting from five weeks when they were big enough to produce sufficient dry mass for lignin estimation to 16 weeks of age when a jute plant is ready for retting. An intense rate of increase (1.15%) was found during the 7th week of growth, probably due to a rise in temperature. Present data and the average rate of increase of lignin production can be considered as a reference value for projects working on producing low-lignin - jute varieties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21603 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 309-314, 2014 (December)

Infection by the Fungal PathogenColletotrichum coccodesAffects Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)-Soybean Competition in the Field

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ditommaso ◽  
Alan K. Watson ◽  
Steve G. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Rapid Replacement ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Seed Yields

Field research was conducted from 1990 through 1992 to evaluate the effect of the fungal pathogen,Colletotrichum coccodes, on velvetleaf intra- and interspecific (with soybean) competition across a range of monoculture and 1:1 mixture densities. In pure stand, application of this velvetleaf foliar pathogen had little impact on seed yield of the weed. In these plots, velvetleaf intraspecific competition stimulated vertical growth and favored the rapid replacement of diseased leaf tissue that had prematurely senesced. In mixtures, however,C. coccodesinoculation differentially influenced the yield of both species. In two of three years,C. coccodesinoculation reduced velvetleaf seed yields by, an average, 60% compared with yields for control (uninoculated) plants. Velvetleaf suffered greater yield losses from soybean interspecific competition in the presence ofC. coccodes, especially at the lower planting densities. The decline in velvetleaf yield was primarily attributed to the stunting effect of the pathogen, which allowed soybean plants to grow above the weed. Consequently, soybean yield losses within inoculated mixture plots were generally lower than for control plots, although significant increases (23%) in soybean yield were recorded only in 1992. The inoculation treatment had relatively little impact on the number of seeds produced per fruit or seed unit weight in both species regardless of whether plants were grown in monocultures or in mixtures. The finding thatC. coccodeshas only a limited effect on velvetleaf performance in pure stand, while having a significantly greater effect in a competitive environment with a soybean crop, has important ramifications as to the value and accuracy of initial efficacy testing that rates potential biocontrol agents based solely on their effect within pure stands of the target weed.

Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Some Advanced Lines being Selected in Durum Wheat Cultivated in Semi-Arid Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Messaoudi Noura ◽  
Benderradji Laid ◽  
Bouzerzour Hammena ◽  
Benmahammed Ammar ◽  
Brini Faiçal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Highly Correlated

Knowledge of agro-physiological traits associated with drought tolerance would be useful for developing breeding materials for drought-prone environments. This study was conducted to estimate genetic variability among nine durum wheat genotypes in response to drought. Our results indicated that the effect of the campaign, genotype, and genotype × interaction was significant for the thirteen variables measured, except for the relative water content. The variability observed was greater for grain yield, biomass, ear fertility, straw and economic yields, chlorophyll content, and cell integrity. Heritability was high for the number of grains per ear and the chlorophyll content; medium for thousand kernel weights, low for grain yield, biomass, and economic yield, and zero for the rest of the variables measured. The results also showed that the agro-morphological characters were significantly linked to each other, unlike the physiological characters which showed non-significant relation between them and with the agro-morphological characters. This suggests that among the varieties evaluated, the selection of those which are tolerant and with high yield potential should therefore be made on a case-by-case basis and not based on a specific physiological character, a marker of tolerance, highly correlated with yield grain. The nine varieties evaluated were subdivided into three divergent clusters of three varieties each. Cluster C1 consists of the least performing varieties, unlike the other two clusters which bring appreciable gains for several characteristics including grain yield, biomass, the weight of 1000 grains, straw yield, and ear fertility and a marked improvement in chlorophyll content and a significant reduction in damage to the cell membrane by thermal stress. In conclusion and following their divergence, it is suggested to use the varieties of clusters C2 and C3 in crossing with the varieties of cluster C1 to improve and reconcile stress tolerance and yield potential in the same genetic background.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family (PAL): Genome wide characterization and transcriptional expression in jute (Corchorus olitorius)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 2185-2191
Author(s):  
M. S. Hosain ◽  
R. Ahmed ◽  
M. W. Ullah ◽  
U. Honi ◽  
M. Z. Tareq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Gene

Jute is one of the important ligno-cellulose bast fiber crops next to cotton. High lignin content in jute fiber makes hindrances during spinning in the textile industry. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), encoded by multigene family, is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway which involved in biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites including lignin. A total of 4 PAL genes were identified in jute (Corchorus. olitorius) genome which was being distributed in two chromosomes and clustered into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Like PAL genes in other species, CoPALs had similar molecular properties and structure organizations. Expression analysis revealed that CoPAL1 and CoPAl2 were differentially expressed in various jute tissues. Among them, CoPAL1 was predominately expressed in stem tissues suggesting its involvement in lignin accumulation in fiber and can act as a potential target for reducing lignin in jute. Our study provides useful information for future functional characterization of PAL genes in jute.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document