scholarly journals Evidence for fetal programming of obesity with a focus on putative mechanisms

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah H. Wild ◽  
Christopher D. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObesity is associated with insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome (a clustering of three or more of increased waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose and fasting plasma triacylglycerol levels and reduced HDL levels), and a marked increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and CHD. The impact of obesity differs between individuals, particularly between men and women and between ethnic groups. For example, in South Asians, although overall obesity is less prevalent, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome are more prevalent than in Europeans and this pattern is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and CHD at an earlier age. It is important to examine individual risk factors contributing to obesity because they may have a different impact in population subgroups. Many factors contribute to the aetiology of obesity and there is increasing evidence to suggest that altered early development is one such factor and is associated with abnormal fat accumulation, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in later life. The present review presents this evidence and discusses some of the mechanisms that may be involved in the pathogenesis of the programming of obesity.

PM20D1 Is a Circulating Biomarker Closely Associated with Obesity, Insulin resistance and Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranyao Yang ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Chi Ho Lee ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Candela Diaz-Canestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circulating Levels

Objective: Peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), a secreted enzyme catalysing condensation of fatty acids and amino acids into the bioactive lipids N-acyl amino acids (NAAA), induces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent adaptive thermogenesis in brown/beige adipocytes in mice. This study aimed to explore the associations of the circulating levels of PM20D1 and major NAAA with obesity-related metabolic complications in humans. Design and Methods: Serum concentrations of PM20D1 and NAAA (C18:1-Leu and C18:1-Phe) in 256 Chinese subjects, including 78 lean and 178 overweight/obese individuals with or without diabetes, were measured with immunoassays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry respectively. The impact of sulfonylurea and rosiglitazone on their circulating levels was examined in 62 patients with type 2 diabetes. Results: Serum PM20D1 level was significantly elevated in overweight/obese individuals, and was closely associated with circulating levels of C18:1-Leu and C18:1-Phe. Furthermore, serum PM20D1, C18:1-Leu and C18:1-Phe concentrations correlated positively with several parameters of adiposity as well as fasting and 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR independent of BMI and age. Moreover, a significant elevation in PM20D1, C18:1-Leu and C18:1-Phe concentrations corresponding with increases in the number of components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) was observed. Treatment with sulfonylurea significantly decreased circulating PM20D1, C18:1-Leu and C18:1-Phe in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Increased serum levels of PM20D1 and its catalytic products NAAA are closely associated with obesity-related glucose dysregulation, insulin resistance and MetS, and can be potentially used as clinical biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring these disorders.

scholarly journals Relations Between Diabetes, Kidney Disease and Metabolic Syndrome: Dangerous Liaisons

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Alin Albai ◽  
Mirela Frandeș ◽  
Ramona Luminița Sandu ◽  
Gabriel Spoială ◽  
Flavia Hristodorescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Poor Metabolic Control ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractBackground and aims: Diabetes mellitus is the disease-challenge of our century, characterized by an increase in serum glycemia, which may lead to the occurrence of micro- and macro-vascular complications with serious consequences on both patient and public health. The Framingham risk score was obtained from a complex study and it estimates the individual risk of each patient to develop a cardiovascular event over the next 10 years depending on certain parameters (age, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure). Our study main aim was to evaluate the cross-associations between the components of the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, diabetes-related biological parameters and chronic kidney disease in patients hospitalized due to poor metabolic control.Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 218 patients with type 2 diabetes, admitted in the Diabetes Clinic of the “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital Timisoara according to a consecutive-case population-based principle.Results: We observed that the quality of the glycemic control is impaired in patients with higher age; the body mass index was positively correlated with HbA1c and hypertension accompanies diabetes in more than half of the cases. Moreover, we observed that high levels of LDL cholesterol are significantly correlated with high levels of HbA1c.Conclusions: There was poor metabolic control in patients with associated complications such as hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney diseases. Also, in most of the cases hypertension was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The Impact of Helminth Infection on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Rennie ◽  
Ritin Fernandez ◽  
Sheila Donnelly ◽  
Kristine CY McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThere are a growing number of publications that report an absence of inflammatory based disease among populations that are endemic to parasitic worms (helminths) demonstrating the ability of these parasites to potentially regulate human immune responses. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of helminth infection on metabolic outcomes in human populations.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, six databases were searched for studies published up to August 2020. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals using the Review Manager Software version 5.4.1.ResultsFourteen studies were included in the review. Fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in persons with infection (MD -0.22, 95% CI -0.40- -0.04, P=0.02), HbA1c levels were lower, although not significantly, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (P=0.001) and type 2 diabetes was lower (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.34-3.09, P<0.0001). Infection was negatively associated with type 2 diabetes when comparing person with diabetes to the group without diabetes (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.67, P=0.0001).ConclusionsWhile infection with helminths was generally associated with improved metabolic function, there were notable differences in efficacy between parasite species. Based on the data assessed, live infection with S. mansoni resulted in the most significant positive changes to metabolic outcomes.Systematic Review RegistrationWebsite: PROSPERO Identified: CRD42021227619.

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