Climate warming and disease risks in temperate regions – Argulus coregoni and Diplostomum spathaceum as case studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hakalahti ◽  
A. Karvonen ◽  
E.T. Valtonen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Diplostomum Spathaceum ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Argulus Coregoni

AbstractThe link between climate changes and disease risks from various pathogens has been increasingly recognized. The effect of climatic factors on host–parasite population dynamics is particularly evident in northern latitudes where the occurrence and transmission of parasites are strongly regulated by seasonality-driven changes in environmental temperatures. Shortened winter periods would increase growth potential of many parasite populations. The ways in which climate warming could affect life history dynamics of the directly transmitted crustacean ectoparasite Argulus coregoni and complex life cycle trematode Diplostomum spathaceum, which frequently cause problems in northern fish farming, are discussed. Increased problems for fish farming are predicted in terms of increased infection pressure from these parasites in future. This would increase problems associated with infections and increase the use of expensive management protocols with high environmental impact.

scholarly journals Wild salmonids are running the gauntlet of pathogens and climate as fish farms expand northwards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Wiik Vollset ◽  
Robert J Lennox ◽  
Jan Grimsrud Davidsen ◽  
Sindre Håvarstein Eldøy ◽  
Trond E Isaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract Salmon farming has multiplied from a side business of coastal farmers to one of the world's major aquaculture species. This has dramatically altered the disease dynamics between farmed and wild salmonids. As salmon fish farming has increased, new restrictions have been enforced to combat emerging density-dependent impacts of pathogen spillover. In most northern and arctic regions, the effects of pathogens from fish farms on wild salmonids have been minimal for two key reasons: (i) relative low density of fish farms in the north and (ii) cold water temperatures. However, both factors are set to change dramatically. On one side, there is an increasing interest in utilizing northern areas for fish farming due to limited capacity for expansion in mid-latitude regions. On the other side, climate change is rapidly changing these northern ecosystems. High-latitude regions inhabit some of the largest remaining wild Atlantic salmon populations in the world along with sea trout and Arctic charr. Wild salmonids in the north have most likely seldom been exposed to high infection pressure, and we question how these populations will cope with changes that are coming. We identify 12 research questions emerging from these imminent changes and discuss methodologies for addressing them. We conclude that policies related to fish farming must consider uncertainties with respect to pathogen dynamics in the north until these research questions are fully addressed.

scholarly journals Climate Warming and Disease Risks for Terrestrial and Marine Biota

Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 296 (5576) ◽  
pp. 2158-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Harvell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Disease Risks

River Lan discharge: current state and forecast

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
A.A. Volchek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Average Annual Runoff

The results of the study of the water regime of the Lan River, a typical small river of the Belarusian Polesye, are presented. The Lan River is represented by three monitoring sites (Lognovichi, Loktyshi and Mokrovo) with drainage areas A = 480 km2, A = 909 km2 and A = 2550 km2, respectively, with different observation periods and the degree of anthropogenic impact. In addition to large-scale reclamation in the river basin, carried out in the middle of the last century, in 1977, a reservoir was built in the river bed for fish farming and agricultural use. Using the method of analogies, the series of observations of annual, maximum, minimum summer-autumn and winter water discharges are reduced to a single calculated period of 68 years from 1948 to 2015. Assessment of the influence of anthropogenic impacts and natural factors on the runoff, the initial time series, the averaging intervals were analyzed: from 1948 to 2015. (the entire observation period length is 68 years); from 1948 to 1977 (29 years period before the commissioning of the Loktyshi reservoir); from 1978 to 2015 (38 years of reservoir operation period); from 1978 to 1987 (10 years period of the reservoir functioning before the beginning of the modern climate warming,); from 1988 to 2015 (27 years period of the reservoir functioning under the current climate warming). Statistical heterogeneity was found as a result of intensive economic activity, which significantly disrupts the natural hydrological regime. It was revealed that for the average annual runoff there is a decrease along the Lognovichi site and an increase along the Loktyshi site; for the maximum runoff, a decrease is observed along all the stations under consideration; for the minimum summer-autumn discharge, an increase is observed along the Loktyshi site; for the minimum winter runoff, an increase is observed along all stations. Based on the hydrological and climatic hypothesis, predictive estimates of the average discharge values for the period of 2050 are given, which are expressed in a certain decrease in it and a shift in the peak of spring flood to earlier dates.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of protein nutrition, genetic growth potential andHeligmosomoides bakeriinfection pressure on resilience and resistance in mice

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER C. COLTHERD ◽  
SIMON A. BABAYAN ◽  
LUTZ BÜNGER ◽  
ILIAS KYRIAZAKIS ◽  
JUDITH E. ALLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Heligmosomoides Bakeri

SUMMARYThe ability of animals to cope with an increasing parasite load, in terms of resilience and resistance, may be affected by both nutrient supply and demand. Here, we hypothesized that host nutrition and growth potential interact and influence the ability of mice to cope with different parasite doses. Mice selected for high (ROH) or low (ROL) body weight were fed a low (40 g/kg; LP) or high (230 g/kg; HP) protein diet and infected with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 L3infectiveHeligmosomoides bakerilarvae. ROH-LP mice grew less at doses of 150 L3and above, whilst growth of ROH-HP and of ROL mice was not affected by infection pressure. Total worm burdens reached a plateau at doses of 150L3, whilst ROH mice excreted fewer worm eggs than ROL mice. Serum antibodies increased with infection dose and ROH mice were found to have higher parasite-specific IgG1 titres than ROL mice. In contrast, ROL had higher total IgE titres than ROH mice, only on HP diets. The interaction between host nutrition and growth potential appears to differentially affect resilience and resistance in mice. However, the results support the view that parasitism penalises performance in animals selected for higher growth.

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE LODGEPOLE NEEDLE MINER, RECURVARIA STARKI FREEMAN, IN CANADIAN ROCKY MOUNTAIN PARKS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Larval Establishment

The lodgepole needle miner, Recurvaria starki Freeman, has been studied intensively since 1948. Life tables, survival, and death-rate curves show clearly that there are five periods in the 2-year life cycle of the needle miner during which extensive mortality may occur: (1) between egg formation and oviposition; (2) between oviposition and larval establishment; (3) during the first larval hibernation; (4) during the second larval hibernation; (5) during the spring of moth emergence. Population success is also undoubtedly affected by conditions during the adult life.Population sampling has shown that the outbreak has declined since 1948. Defoliation and increment studies have shown that the period of greatest defoliation occurred from 1940 to 1944 and that the outbreak probably began in the late 1930's. The major cause of the decline was severe winter temperatures, probably during the coldest month. Parasitism was not an important factor in the outbreak decline, apparently because it was controlled in the same manner as the host, by winter temperatures. Other natural control factors are discussed as well as the possible effects of climatic factors on oviposition and fecundity.A detailed survey of weather records since 1920 and yearly averages since 1885 suggest that release of the needle miner population was due to a warming trend in the climate of western Canada. This trend began in the late 1930's, reached a peak in the mid-1940's, and has declined since that time. The warming trend in northern latitudes has been noted by other authors and is substantiated by weather records of this region. It is further postulated that the climate of the Canadian Rocky Mountains is generally too severe for an outbreak of the lodgepole needle miner to be prolonged.

Being successful in the world of narrow opportunities: transmission patterns of the trematode Ichthyocotylurus pileatus

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FALTÝNKOVÁ ◽  
A. KARVONEN ◽  
M. JYRKKÄ ◽  
E. T. VALTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Temporal Window ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

SUMMARYParasites with complex life cycles face 2 major challenges for transmission in northern latitudes. They have to cope with the general unpredictability associated with the series of transmission events required for completion of the cycle, and transmission has to be completed within a narrow temporal window because of strong seasonality. Despite this, some parasites show high transmission success, suggesting the operation of effective transmission mechanisms. We explored the transmission of Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Trematoda) from its snail (Valvata macrostoma) to fish (Perca fluviatilis) hosts by examining some key characteristics in the dynamics of the cercarial emergence from snails. Transmission took place within a few weeks mainly in July, thus verifying the narrow temporal window for transmission. The output of the short-lived cercariae from the snails was low and variable in magnitude, but nevertheless resulted in a rapid and high rate of infection in newly hatched fish. The cercarial emergence showed a strong circadian rhythm with most of the cercariae emerging in early evening and night, which might represent the most likely mechanism underlying the high rate of transmission in this species. We emphasize the importance of holistic approaches combining aspects of multiple host species in studies on transmission of complex life-cycle parasites.

scholarly journals Disease risks of fish farming in public reservoirs: a follow-up study conducted in Três Marias, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphino Marina ◽  
Roriz Georgia ◽  
Gardner Ian ◽  
Leal Carlos ◽  
Figueiredo Henrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Disease Risks

scholarly journals Monitoring Climate Impacts on Annual Forage Production across U.S. Semi-Arid Grasslands

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Markéta Poděbradská ◽  
Bruce K. Wylie ◽  
Deborah J. Bathke ◽  
Yared A. Bayissa ◽  
Devendra Dahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Seasonal Climate ◽  
Arid Grasslands ◽  
Semi Arid

The ecosystem performance approach, used in a previously published case study focusing on the Nebraska Sandhills, proved to minimize impacts of non-climatic factors (e.g., overgrazing, fire, pests) on the remotely-sensed signal of seasonal vegetation greenness resulting in a better attribution of its changes to climate variability. The current study validates the applicability of this approach for assessment of seasonal and interannual climate impacts on forage production in the western United States semi-arid grasslands. Using a piecewise regression tree model, we developed the Expected Ecosystem Performance (EEP), a proxy for annual forage production that reflects climatic influences while minimizing impacts of management and disturbances. The EEP model establishes relations between seasonal climate, site-specific growth potential, and long-term growth variability to capture changes in the growing season greenness measured via a time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observed using a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The resulting 19 years of EEP were converted to expected biomass (EB, kg ha−1 year−1) using a newly-developed relation with the Soil Survey Geographic Database range production data (R2 = 0.7). Results were compared to ground-observed biomass datasets collected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and University of Nebraska-Lincoln (R2 = 0.67). This study illustrated that this approach is transferable to other semi-arid and arid grasslands and can be used for creating timely, post-season forage production assessments. When combined with seasonal climate predictions, it can provide within-season estimates of annual forage production that can serve as a basis for more informed adaptive decision making by livestock producers and land managers.

Response of tree ring density to climatic factors of Cunninghamia lanceolata under climate warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
张辉，张芸，胡亚楠，颜耀，吴鹏飞，曾爱聪，马祥庆 ZHANG Hui
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Ring Density

scholarly journals Comparison of Climatic Factors on Mosquito Abundance at US Army Garrison Humphreys, Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Jae Hwang ◽  
Heung-Chul Kim ◽  
Terry A. Klein ◽  
Sung-Tae Chong ◽  
Kisung Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Maximum Abundance ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Disease Risks

Abstract Background A number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between the distribution of mosquito abundance and meteorological variables. However, few studies have specifically provided specific ranges of temperatures for estimating the maximum abundance of mosquitoes as an empirical basis for climatic dynamics for estimating mosquito-borne infectious disease risks.Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected for three consecutive nights/week using Mosquito Magnet® Independence® model traps during 2018 and 2019 at US Army Garrison (USAG) Humphreys, Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea (ROK). An estimate of daily mean temperatures (provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration) were distributed at the maximum abundance for selected species of mosquitoes using daily mosquito collection data after controlling for mosquito ecological cycles and environmental factors.Results Using the Monte-Carlo simulation, the overall mosquito population abundance peaked at 22.7℃ (2.5th−-97.5th : 21.7℃–23.8 ℃). Aedes albopictus, vector of Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever and other viruses, abundance peaked at 24.6℃ (2.5th − 97.5th, 22.3℃–25.6℃), while Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vectors, e.g., Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens, peaked at 24.3℃ (2.5th − 97.5th : 21.9℃–26.3℃) and 22.6℃ (2.5th − 97.5th : 21.9℃–25.2℃), respectively. Members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group, some of which are vivax malaria vectors in the ROK, abundance peaked at 22.4℃ (2.5th − 97.5th : 21.5℃–23.8℃).Conclusion The empirical mean temperature ranges for maximum abundance were determined for each mosquito species collected at USAG Humphreys. These data contributed to the identification of relative mosquito abundance patterns for estimating mosquito-borne disease risks and developing and implementing disease prevention practices.

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