Physicochemical analysis of acid–base status during recovery from high-intensity exercise in Standardbred racehorses

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Waller ◽  
Michael I Lindinger
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Standardbred Racehorses

AbstractThe present study used the physicochemical approach to characterize the changes in acid–base status that occur in Standardbred racehorses during recovery from high-intensity exercise. Jugular venous blood was sampled from nine Standardbreds in racing condition, at rest and for 2 h following a high-intensity training workout. Plasma [H+] increased from 39.1±1.0 neq l−1 at rest to 44.8±2.7 neq l−1 at 1 min of recovery. A decreased strong ion difference ([SID]) was the primary contributor to the increased [H+] immediately at the end of exercise, while increased plasma weak ion concentration ([Atot]) was a minor contributor to the acidosis. A decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) at 1 min of recovery had a slight alkalinizing effect. The decreased [SID] at 1 min of recovery was a result of a 15.1±3.1 meq l−1 increase in [lactate−], as [Na+] and [K+] were also increased by 6.5±0.7 and 1.14±0.06 meq l−1, respectively, at 1 min of recovery. It is concluded that high-intensity exercise and recovery is associated with significant changes in acid–base balance, and that full recovery of many parameters that determine acid–base status requires 60–120 min.

Origins of [H+] Changes in Exercising Skeletal Muscle

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Lindinger
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Base Balance

This brief review describes the main physicochemical factors that contribute to increases in intracellular hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]i) in mammalian skeletal muscle during high intensity exercise. High intensity exercise results in changes in the three main independent physicochemical variables: PCO2, the strong ion difference ([SID]), and total concentration of weak acids and bases ([Atot]), within the intracellular fluid compartment of contracting muscle that result in increased [H+]i. The decrease in [SID] contributes 62% to the increase in [H+]i, due to decreased [K+]i and increased [lactate]i; the decrease in phosphocreatine ([PCr2−]i) exerts an alkalinizing effect. The increase in [Atot], resulting primarily from increases in inorganic phosphate and creatine as a result of PCr2− breakdown, contributes 19% to the increase in [H+]i. An increase in the apparent proton dissociation constant (KA) for [Atot] contributes 7% to the increase in [H+]i. PCO2 is a relatively poor effector of changes in [H+]i, such that a 50-mmHg increase in PCO2 contributes only 12% to the increase in [H+]i during high intensity exercise. Key words: acid-base balance, strong ion difference, phosphocreatine, potassium, carbon dioxide, metabolism

Physicochemical analysis of phasic menstrual cycle effects on acid-base balance

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. R481-R487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Preston ◽  
Aaron P. Heenan ◽  
Larry A. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Base Balance

In accordance with Stewart's physicochemical approach, the three independent determinants of plasma hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) were measured at rest and during exercise in the follicular (FP) and luteal phase (LP) of the human menstrual cycle. Healthy, physically active women with similar physical characteristics were tested during either the FP ( n = 14) or LP ( n = 14). Arterialized blood samples were obtained at rest and after 5 min of upright cycling at both 70 and 110% of the ventilatory threshold (TVent). Measurements included plasma [H+], arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2 ), total weak acid ([ATot]) as reflected by total protein, and the strong-ion difference ([SID]). The transition from rest to exercise in both groups resulted in a significant increase in [H+] at 70% TVentversus rest and at 110% TVent versus both rest and 70% TVent. No significant between-group differences were observed for [H+] at rest or in response to exercise. At rest in the LP, [ATot] and PaCO2 were significantly lower (acts to decrease [H+]) compared with the FP. This effect was offset by a reduction in [SID] (acts to increase [H+]). After the transition from rest to exercise, significantly lower [ATot] during the LP was again observed. Although the [SID] and PaCO2 were not significantly different between groups, trends for changes in these two variables were similar to changes in the resting state. In conclusion, mechanisms regulating [H+] exhibit phase-related differences to ensure [H+] is relatively constant regardless of progesterone-mediated ventilatory changes during the LP.

Time course and magnitude of fluid and electrolyte shifts during recovery from high-intensity exercise in Standardbred racehorses

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Waller ◽  
Michael I Lindinger
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Standardbred Racehorses

AbstractThe present study characterized the fluid and electrolyte shifts that occur in Standardbred racehorses during recovery from high-intensity exercise. Jugular venous blood was sampled from 13 Standardbreds in racing condition, at rest and for 2 h following a high-intensity training workout. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) were measured at rest using indicator dilution techniques (D2O, thiocyanate and Evans Blue, respectively). Changes in TBW were assessed from measures of body mass, and changes in PV and ECFV were calculated from changes in plasma protein concentration. Exercise resulted in a 26.9% decrease in PV. At 10 min of recovery TBW and ECFV were decreased by 2.2% and 16.5% respectively, while intracellular fluid volume was increased by 7.1%. There was a continued loss of fluid due to sweating throughout the recovery period such that TBW was decreased by 3.9% at 90 min of recovery. This decrease in TBW was nearly equally partitioned between the extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments. Plasma Na+ and Cl− contents were decreased at 1 min of recovery, but not different from rest by 40 min of recovery. Plasma K+ content at 1 min post exercise was not different from the pre-exercise value; however, by 5 min of recovery K+ content was significantly decreased and it remained decreased throughout the recovery period. It is concluded that there are very rapid and large fluid and electrolyte shifts between body compartments during and after high-intensity exercise, and that full recovery of these shifts requires 90–120 min.

Does low serum carnosinase activity favor high-intensity exercise capacity?

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Baguet ◽  
Inge Everaert ◽  
Benito Yard ◽  
Verena Peters ◽  
Johannes Zschocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Base Balance

Given the ergogenic properties of β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) in skeletal muscle, it can be hypothesized that elevated levels of circulating carnosine could equally be advantageous for high-intensity exercises. Serum carnosinase (CN1), the enzyme hydrolyzing the dipeptide, is highly active in the human circulation. Consequently, dietary intake of carnosine usually results in rapid degradation upon absorption, yet this is less pronounced in subjects with low CN1 activity. Therefore, acute carnosine supplementation before high-intensity exercise could be ergogenic in these subjects. In a cross-sectional study, we determined plasma CN1 activity and content in 235 subjects, including 154 untrained controls and 45 explosive and 36 middle- to long-distance elite athletes. In a subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 men performed a cycling capacity test at 110% maximal power output (CCT 110%) following acute carnosine (20 mg/kg body wt) or placebo supplementation. Blood samples were collected to measure CN1 content, carnosine, and acid-base balance. Both male and female explosive athletes had significantly lower CN1 activity (14% and 21% lower, respectively) and content (30% and 33% lower, respectively) than controls. Acute carnosine supplementation resulted only in three subjects in carnosinemia. The CCT 110% performance was not improved after carnosine supplementation, even when accounting for low/high CN1 content. No differences were found in acid-base balance, except for elevated resting bicarbonate following carnosine supplementation and in low CN1 subjects. In conclusion, explosive athletes have lower serum CN1 activity and content compared with untrained controls, possibly resulting from genetic selection. Acute carnosine supplementation does not improve high-intensity performance.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and calcium supply on mineral and acid−base status of piglets fed a diversified diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bournazel ◽  
M. J. Duclos ◽  
F. Lecompte ◽  
D. Guillou ◽  
C. Peyronnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Acid Base Status

Abstract Dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is known to affect acid−base status and mineral metabolism, but is rarely considered in diet formulation for pigs. Yet, the use of a wide variety of local feedstuffs in Europe contributes to lowering the dEB and increasing the fibre content. Hence, mineral requirements may be modified and skeletal health affected. Therefore, the effects of a lower dEB and a higher dietary Ca level on acid−base balance and mineral status were assessed in young pigs fed a diversified diet. A total of twenty-four weaned pigs were fed a control moderate-dEB diet (C) or a diversified moderate-dEB (D), low-dEB (D-A) or low-dEB supplemented with Ca (D-CA) diet. Growth performance, venous blood gas and chemistry, urine pH, mineral balance and femur characteristics were determined. With an equivalent dEB compared with the C diet, the D diet caused an acidification of the urine and increased the excretion of P as a result of a higher dietary content of S. Low-grade metabolic acidosis occurred in piglets fed the D-A diet with changes at systemic and urine levels. A higher excretion of ammonia and P in urine was observed and some bone characteristics tended to be negatively affected. Ca supplementation partially counteracted the effects of low-grade acidosis. Urine excretion of P and ammonia was alleviated and bone characteristics improved. In conclusion, a higher Ca supply must be considered in more diversified diets to counteract the risk of evolving towards low-grade metabolic acidosis which can negatively affect bone.

Effects of Multibuffer Supplementation on Acid-Base Balance and 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Following Repetitive Anaerobic Exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Scott E. Gordon ◽  
James M. Lynch ◽  
Mariana E.M.V. Pop ◽  
Kristine L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Road Cyclists ◽  
2,3 Dpg

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a 3.5-day dietary multibuffer supplement (containing predominantly inorganic phosphate, or Pj, along with bicarbonate and carnosine, i.e., PhosFuel™) on repetitive (four trials separated by 2 min rest) Wingate test (WT) performances and whole blood 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations in 10 recreationally trained road cyclists (T) and 10 normally active but untrained (UT) men. A 2-week washout period was utilized between experimental sessions. Venous blood samples were obtained via cannula once before exercise (baseline), immediately post each WT, and 3 min after the final WT (recovery). The data indicate that this supplement does not affect acid-base status with following intense anaerobic exercise and does not improve repetitive WT performance. However, the supplement does enhance post-exercise levels of 2,3-DPG and the 2,3-DPG/Hb ratio in recreationally trained cyclists while improving acute recovery of peak power in these men.

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