Pseudospiropes arecacensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudospiropes arecacensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Licuala ramsayi, Livistona chinensis (Arecaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Hong Kong. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.

Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora neriella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Nerium indicum, Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Cyprus, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Russia, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tunisia, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.


Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora ixorae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ixora bandhuka, Ixora chinensis, Ixora stricta, Ixora spp. (Rubiaceae). DISEASE: Zonate leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Taiwan, USA (Florida). TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.


Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora jasminicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Jasminum grandiflorum, J. humile, J. pubescens, J. malabaricum, J. mesnyi, J. multiforum, J. odoratissimum, J. officinale, J. rigidum, J. sambac, J. subtriplinerve (Oleaceae). DISEASE: Leaf blight, leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Philippines, Salvador, Taiwan, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.


Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora punicae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Punica granatum (pomegranate) (Punicaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot, shot-hole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Brazil, China, Cuba, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Republic of Maldives, Singapore, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, USA (Florida), Venezuela, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.


Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.


Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.


Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora mikaniicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mikania cordata, Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot and stem canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, USA (Florida), Vanuatu. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are presumably air-dispersed but there are no detailed studies.


Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon earliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Fragaria. DISEASE: Strawberry leaf scorch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea; Africa (Rhodesia, Zambia, South Africa, Canary Islands); Europe (except Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Russia); North America (Canada, USA, Jamaica); South America (Brazil, Uruguay); Asia (Armenia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia). Appears to be most important in USA and eastern Europe (CMI Map 452, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersal of conidia from infected leaves. Ascospores appear to be unimportant and in some regions (Poland; 46, 2074) where the perfect state has not been found.


Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella aleuritis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Aleurites fordii, A. mollucana, A. montana. DISEASE: Angular leaf spot of tung. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Central African Republic, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Zaire (probably also Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Gabon). Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan. Central America & Caribbean: Cuba, Trinidad. North America: USA. South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay? (CMI Distribution Map 278, ed. 3, 1975). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores and conidia, which are mainly dispersed by rain-splash and wind (45, 1989f).


Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas ricini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ricinus communis. DISEASE: Normally a leaf spot disease in which the bacteria are confined to the parenchymatous tissues. The tiny, dark green, water-soaked spots expand and become brownish, angular and necrotic. They may coalesce to form larger necrotic areas and badly infected leaves become chlorotic and may drop. Occasionally petioles and succulent branches have minute oval or linear spots. Sabet (40, 334) obtained atypical symptoms from inoculation of buds. When the leaves opened, the main veins became infected and tissues dependent on infected veins became yellow and flaccid and finally withered. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Scattered, more or las world-wide (CMI Map 394, ed. 1, 1962). Extra references include Hong Kong (43, 345), Poland (48, 554b), Zambia and confirmation of Kenya. TRANSMISSION: Probably in wind and rain; it is rapid in wet weather. One report suggests that it is also seedborne (33, 181).


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