Acidovorax avenae subsp. cattleyae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Bacterial Exudate

Abstract A description is provided for Acidovorax avenae subsp. cattleyae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cattleya spp., Phalaenopsis spp., and hybrids. The following have been reported: Catasetum Ecuador, Cattleya harrisoniana, C. warneri, C. Margaret Stewart × Schomburgkia thomsoniana, Cypripedium sp., Dendrobium sp., D. Joan Krishima, D. Sue Cornell, Doritaenopsis Clarelen, × Epidendrum obrienianum, E. pamplonense var. variegatum, Epiphronites veitchii, × Ionopsis utricularioides, Miltonia sp., Oncidium ampliatum, O. lanceanum, O. luridum, O. warscewiczii, Ornithocephalus bicornis, Phalaenopsis amabilis, Renanthera Brookie Chandler × Phalaenopsis Dos Pueblos, × Rodricidium Tahiti, Rodriguezia secunda, Rhynchostylis gigantea, R. gigantea alba, R. retusa, Sophronitis carnus, Trichocentrum tigrinum × Oncidium lanceanum, Vanda Alexander Bowman × Vanda Jennie Hashimoto, Vanda Bill Sutton, Vanda coerulescens, Vanda parishii × Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana and Vanilla sp. DISEASE: Leaf spots. The bacteria are thought to enter the plant through the stomata; lesions initially appear water-soaked and will blacken with age; a considerable amount of exudate may also be observed. Lesions can occur on any part of the leaf, older spots may be surrounded by a light green or yellow halo. The disease can kill seedlings and, with certain varieties, mature plants, should the infection reach the growing point. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Philippines, Taiwan, Italy, USA (Florida, CA), possibly Portugal (61, 284). TRANSMISSION: Bacterial exudate from heavily infected plants may act as source of inoculum.

Ascochyta phaseolorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Dead Tissue

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta phaseolorum[Phoma exigua var. exigua]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Canavalia ensiformis, Glycine max, Lablab (Dolichos) niger, Phaseolus acutifolius, P. atropurpureus, P. aureus, P. calcaratus, P. lathyroides, P. limensis, P. lunatus, P. mungo, P. nanus, P. richardianus, P. trilobus, P. vulgaris, Vigna catjang', V. coerulea, V. sesquipedalis, V. sinensis, V. unguiculata, Voandezia subterranea. Also by inoculation on Althaea rosea, Cannabis sativa, Capsicum annuum, Fagopyrum sagittatum, Gossypium spp., Hibiscus esculentus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malva verticillata, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum melongena, Vicia sativa (Crossan, 1958; Zherbele, 1958). DISEASE: Leaf spot (or blotch) of bean. Young leaf spots are irregularly circular with grey to brown centres surrounded by a border of light green-yellow tissue. Other spots are light to dark brown and frequently zonate, marginal, terminal or discrete, cracking in the centre when the dead tissue finally drops out, 3-5 cm diam. Lesions common on pulvini result in considerable defoliation. Ascochyta phaseolorum causes target-spot lesions on several genera in the Leguminosae. Such symptoms on Phaseolus spp. are indistinguishable from the drab, zonate lesions of A. boltshauseri, but are distinct from those of A. pinodella L. K. Jones which are purplish-brown, indistinctly zonate and irregular, and A. pisi Lib. which are not zonate but light brown with a darker distinct margin. Also destructive on pods, stems and roots of seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia); Asia (China, India, Japan, Malaya, North Borneo, Pakistan, Sarawak), Australasia & Oceania (New Guinea, Solomon Is.); Europe (Denmark, Great Britain, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Peru). TRANSMISSION: Seed borne, persisting in a viable condition for 24 years (26: 276). Viability and virulence also unimpaired after storage in culture at 1°C or 10-12°C for 20-25 months (41: 374). The pathogen may spread by infected haulms and by spores disseminated by splashing rain drops from infected seedlings. Also spread in pods of harvested plants stored in stooks in the field in cool, moist, weather (Hubbeling, 1955).

Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Bacterial Exudate

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sesamum indicum. Inoculation of Phaseolus vulgaris stems and pods produces characteristic reddish spots with bacterial exudate, but leaves are not infected. Limited reactions reported for some other plants by Sutic & Dowson (1962) were probably what would now be called hypersensitive reactions. DISEASE: Dark brown to black leaf spots tending to be limited by veins. Spots may also appear on all other above-ground parts. On stems they often elongate and coalesce into lesions several cm long. Early infection of capsules may turn them black. Seriously infected plants may die. Under damp conditions epidemics cause severe losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, China, India, Japan, Korea, Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Yugoslavia, USA, Brazil (see CMI Map 398, ed. 2, 1973). Recent reports not included on the map are Uganda (56, 116), South Africa (58, 1681), Mexico (55, 5647) and Venezuela (54, 524). The known distribution in India now includes the whole of UP (49, 2389a). TRANSMISSION: Within the crop transmission is presumed to be by wind-driven rain. Seed transmission occurs (58, 5764) and allows spread into new areas.

Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing round or sometimes irregular, pale brown or greyish-brown leaf spots 5-17 mm diameter. HOSTS: Leucospermum conocarpum, Protea. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa.

Calonectria spathulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Eucalyptus Viminalis

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria spathulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia; Eucalyptus viminalis, E. cloeziana, E. grandis, Pteridium sp. DISEASE: Leaf spots (65, 6198). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind and splash dispersed.

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.

Cochliobolus verruculosus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Seed Decay ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus verruculosus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Avena, Buchloë, Chloris, Cynodon, Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Leptochloa, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Saccharum, Sorghum, Triticum, Typha and Zea. Also from many dicotyledenous hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spots, dry-rot of pineapple (61, 6510; 68, 2757), associated with crown rot of banana (54, 4051) and seed decay of sugarcane (63, 3545). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Burma, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, USA, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Yemen, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne (67, 4997).

Cercospora duddiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora duddiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium ascalonicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A porrum, A. sativum. DISEASE: Leaf spot or withertip on onion and garlic. The symptoms vary on the different host species. On onion circular, chlorotic spots 3-5 mm diam. form mainly on the tip of the leaf, gradually decreasing in number towards the leaf base. The lesions at the leaf tip coalesce, forming a dry greyish-brown area, and in severe cases the entire leaf tip may be killed. The base of the leaf is mottled with brown necrotic leaf spots. Eventually the necrotic tissue may spread down the leaf surface, delimited by a narrow band (3 mm) of chlorotic tissue (Welles, 1923). Rarely does the disease cause much damage (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda; Asia: Borneo, Brunei, Burma, India, Indonesia, Oman, The Yemen; Australasia: Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Barbados, Jamaica). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or water-splash dispersed conidia, and by transportation with onion parts. The fungus is also reported to be seed borne (Chupp & Sherf, 1960).

Cochliobolus eragrostidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus eragrostidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia, Agave, Allium, Alysicarpus, Amorphophallus, Anacardium, Arachis, Areca, Billbergia, Calamus, Callitris, Calotropis, Camellia, Cananga, Capsicum, Citrullus, Citrus, Clerodendron, Cocos, Coffea, Colocasia, Cymbopogon, Dendrobium, Digitaria, Dioscorea, Dracaena, Durio, Elaeis, Eragrostis, Eucalyptus, Euphorbia, Furcraea, Gladiolus, Glycine, Gossypium, Heliconia, Hevea, Hystrix, Ipomoea, Kaempferia, Lycopersicon, Mangifera, Manihot, Mystroxylon, Musa, Neyraudia, Oldenlandia, Opuntia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Pentas, Phalaenopsis, Phaseolus, Pinus, Polygala, Pueraria, Raphia, Raphanus, Rhodomyrtus, Rhoeo, Rottboellia, Saccharum, Sesamum, Sorghum, Spinacia, Sporobolus, Stylosanthes, Theobroma, Thrasya, Tradescantia, Trichosanthes, Triplochiton, Triticum, Vanda, Vigna, Zea, Zingiber and soil. DISEASE: Leaf spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Brunei, Burma, Colombia, Cuba, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Trinidad, USA, Zambia, Zaire. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia.

Cercospora pappaea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Fruit Decay

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora pappaea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Caricapappaea (pawpaw). DISEASE: Leaf spot of pawpaw. Leaf spots are circular at first, but become irregular with age, 3-10 mm diam., pale brown on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower. The fungus may also cause small shallow black dots on the fruit; these lesions may enlarge up to 3 mm, but do not cause fruit decay (Weber 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Malawi, Sudan Uganda, Asia: Burma, India Indonesia, Nepal; Australasia and Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Tonga; South America: Venezuela.

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