Mycosphaerella convallariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Convallaria Majalis

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella convallariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley). DISEASE: Leaf spot or blotch or blight of lily of the valley. The first disease symptoms appear a few days after rain or a wet period (McKeen & Zimmer, 1964). At first the visible symptoms are minute necrotic spots with halos which later enlarge rapidly to form oblong to circular spots or blotches with concentric layers of light and dark zones. When the infection is severe secondary lesions develop, coalesce and kill the leaf. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, U.S.S.R.); Eastern North America (Canada, Ontario; U.S.A., Pennsylvania). TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed by water splash. In Ontario, Canada, the fungus is reported to overwinter in the ascomatal state and ascospores are released following a wet period in May or June (McKeen & Zimmer, 1964). It has also been suggested that two to four cycles of the Ascochyta stage are completed in the summer.

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Septoria geranii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Necrotic Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria geranii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot; necrotic spots, leading to leaf drying. HOSTS: Geranium carolinianum, G. collinum, G. columbinum, G. depilatum, G. dissectum, G. divaricatum, G. graveolens, G. lucidum, G. molle, G. nodosum, G. palustre, G. pratense, G. purpureum, G. pusillum, G. pyrenaicum, G. rectum, G. robertianum, G. sanguineum, G. sylvaticum, G. versicolor (Geraniaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Canary Is, Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: USA. ASIA: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia [www.cybertruffle.org.uk/gruzmaps/index.htm], India, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. EUROPE: Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne or splash-dispersed conidia.

Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Triticale (Triticum × Secale), Avena (oats) and Triticum (wheat). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Triticale, wheat and oats. Lesions on leaves are irregular to elliptical, light brown to straw yellow. As infection progresses lesions enlarge to form blotches extending to the margins of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa and North America (Mexico, Patzcuaro). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews. So far the mode of infection under natural conditions and the spread of the disease have not been investigated. It has been suggested that P. vermiformis might persist on native grasses in the field and this could serve as a source of inoculum in addition to the infected stubble or debris left over from previous years crop.

Septoria humuli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Hot Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria humuli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Humulus lupulus (hop). DISEASE: Leaf spot of hop leading to premature defoliation. The disease has been reported initially to be confined to older and lower leaves and subsequently spreading to younger and upper leaves (Putto, Koul & Saraf, 1975). Female plants have been reported as being more susceptible than male plants. The visible symptoms are minute circular or irregular lesions, 1-3 mm wide and prominent on both surfaces of the leaves. With the progress of infection these lesions enlarge to form well defined spots, up to 6 mm wide, with ash white centres. Occasionally spots coalesce to form leaf blotches. Often severely infected leaves are killed and one report claims leaves on vines up to a height of 2-3 m have been affected (5, 1985). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India, Himachal Padesh, Kashmir); Europe (Czechoslovakia, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, USSR); North America (USA, Kansas, New Hampshire). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported. Presumably by conidia disseminated by water splash during hot weather.

Septoria carthami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria carthami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Carthamus tinctorius and C. mareoticus. DISEASE: White leaf spot of safflower. Early symptoms appear as small distinct brownish lesions which enlarge and become circular or irregular and up to 6 mm wide. As the disease progresses lesions sometimes coalesce to form large blotches. Older lesions are usually bordered by dark brick margins with ash grey centres. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt); Asia (Iraq, Turkey, USSR, West Siberia); Europe (Bulgaria, Rumania); North America (USA, Indiana, Texas). TRANSMISSION: It has been claimed that the fungus was introduced into West Siberia with infected seeds (14, 493-494). Also the fungus is probably disseminated by water-splash or by mechanical means.

Cercospora circumscissa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora circumscissa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Prunus amygdalus, P. avium, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. persica, P. spinosa. DISEASE: Leaf spot or 'shot hole' of stone fruit trees. The disease first appears early in the season on the younger leaves as yellowish spots with dark centres. The margin of the spots then becomes thickened and dark or reddish-brown, while the centre becomes grey, dries, shrinks and ultimately falls out. Eventually most of the leaves on the tree become riddled with holes. Shallow circular leaf spots may also form on the branches and the fruit (McAlpine, 1902). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Morocco, Zimbabwe; Asia: Cyprus, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Palestine, Australasia: Australia (Queensland), Europe: Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Romania Turkey, USSR (Russia), Yugoslavia; North America: USA (Alabama, California, Florida); South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne and water splash-dispersed conidia (McAlpine, 1902). The fungus survives adverse conditions in the fallen foliage as stromatic cells or as the teleomorph.

Pyrenophora erythrospila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenophora erythrospila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Agrostis, Hordeum and Triticum. DISEASE: Leaf spot of bent grass and red top. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia.

Isthmiella faullii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Needle Blight ◽  
Juvenile Plants

Abstract A description is provided for Isthmiella faullii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Apparently confined to Abies balsamea. DISEASE: Causes a needle blight of Abies balsamea. According to Darker (1932), it 'is the commonest and most destructive of the Hypodermataceae on Abies balsamea in eastern North America'. It is particularly damaging to seedlings and juvenile plants. In northern Ontario, from where the disease was originally identified, infection occurs during the summer, but signs of the disease do not appear until the following spring, when needles become brown and conidiomata develop, conidia being discharged in July, and shortly after this ascomata begin to form, maturing in July of the following year. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Reported from Canada: Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec and USA: Michigan and New Hampshire. TRANSMISSION: Through air dispersal of ascospores, which directly infect the leaves (Darker, 1932).

Mycosphaerella populorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Mycosphaerella Populorum

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella populorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Populus spp. DISEASE: Septoria canker, leaf spot disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: USA (east and central states). South America: Argentina (CMI Distribution Map 540, 1981). TRANSMISSION: By windborne conidia and ascospores.

Xanthomonas fragariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Xanthomonas Fragariae ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas fragariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); by artificial inoculation: Fragaria virginiana, F. vesca, Potentilla fruticosa and P. glandulosa (Rosaceae). DISEASE: Angular leaf spot and vascular decline or collapse of strawberry. First described in 1962 in North America. The leaf spot phase appears as minute water-soaked spots on the underside of leaves surrounded by the smallest veins. In the early stages symptoms are only visible on the leaf underside. Spots enlarge, coalesce, penetrate to the upper leaf surface and darken, turning into large, irregular necrotic areas. They have a shiny appearance and are usually covered by bacterial exudate which, when dry, turns brown and appears as gum-like scales. Spots coalesce more frequently along the primary and secondary veins. The dead tissues tear and break off, and the diseased leaf may assume a ragged appearance. Heavy losses may occur with frequent overhead sprinkler irrigation. The conditions favouring infection are moderate to cool daytime temperatures (about 20°C), low night-time temperatures and high humidities (MAAS, 1998). In addition, blossom blight of strawberry has been found in California and is caused by a complex of X. fragariae and Cladosporium cladosporioides (GUBLER et al., 1999). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Ethiopia, Réunion. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (California, Florida, Kentucky, Minnesota, North Carolina, Wisconsin). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela. ASIA: Taiwan, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria), New Zealand. EUROPE: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy (Sicily), Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Rain splash from infested leaf litter in the soil on to young healthy leaves. Penetration occurs through the stomata. Infections of the crowns occur through local wounds or downwards from affected leaves. Bacteria can overwinter in leaf litter and for many years in dried leaf material. Residues of infected leaves and crown infections on runners used for planting are sources of inoculum for primary infections.

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