Diachora onobrychidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
The North

Abstract A description is provided for Diachora onobrychidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Known from species of Onobrychis, Hedysarum, Lathyrus and Vicia. DISEASE: Attacks living leaves and stems of Leguminosae. The anamorph matures at various times of the year, presumably dependent on climatic conditions. Collections of mature conidiomata made from Rhodes, Malta and Iraq in April to May, and from Germany in September, have been seen. The ascomata develop from the same stromata after overwintering. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Known from many places in the north temperate zone. Reported from Asia; Iraq, Iran. Europe: Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, USSR. North America: Canada. TRANSMISSION: This has not been studied in detail, but it almost certainly occurs through air dispersal of ascospores which directly infect the leaves and stems. The mode of dispersal of conidia is unknown.

Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
The North ◽  
European Sturgeon ◽  
The Baltic

<em>Abstract.</em> - Sea sturgeons are closely related anadromous fishes inhabiting both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. They are classified in two species: the European sturgeon <em>Acipenser sturio</em> in Europe and the Atlantic sturgeon <em>A. oxyrinchus</em> in North America. The Atlantic sturgeon is further separated into two subspecies: Atlantic sturgeon (North American East Coast populations) <em>A. o. oxyrinchus</em> and Gulf sturgeon <em>A. o. desotoi. </em>Most recent studies of morphology and genetics support these classifications. Furthermore, they produced evidence for a trans-Atlantic colonization event during the early Middle Ages. Atlantic sturgeon colonized Baltic waters, founding a self-reproducing population before they became extinct due to anthropogenic reasons. Today, populations of Atlantic sturgeon are found along the Atlantic Coast from the St. Johns River, Florida to the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, whereas only one relict spawning population of European sturgeon still exists in the Gironde River, France. The evidence of a population of Atlantic sturgeon in Baltic waters requires a detailed comparison of both sea sturgeon species, describing differences and similarities, which may influence the ongoing restoration projects in Europe as well as concerning conservation efforts in North America. This article reviews similarities and differences in the fields of genetics, morphology, and ecological adaptation of European sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon, concluding that, besides morphological and genetic differences, a wider range of spawning temperatures in Atlantic sturgeon is evident. This wider temperature adaptation may be a selective advantage under fast-changing climatic conditions, possibly the mechanism that enabled the species shift in the Baltic Sea during the Middle Ages.

Sydowia polyspora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica

Abstract A description is provided for Sydowia polyspora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cupressus lusitanica, Juniperus sp., Picea engelmannii, P. excelsa, Pinus albicaulis, P. attenuata, P. khasya, P. caribaea, P. laricis, P. montizumae, P. murrayana, P. nigra, P. patula, P. pinaster, P. radiata, P. sylvestris. DISEASES: Pine leaf-blight and die-back, associated frequently with injury caused by the pine needle midge, Cecidomyia baeri Prell. The needles remain attached hanging downwards from the tree for some time. Complete defoliation may take place on severely affected shoots. Also common on needles of Corsican pine showing die-back due to unsuitable climatic conditions aided by Scleroderris lagerbergii[Gremmeniella abietina], and on Douglas fir attacked by aphids, Chermes cooleyi Gill. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Tanzania); Australia & Oceania (Australia); Europe (Finland, France, Germany, U.K., U.S.S.R.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne spores. In pine the pathogen first develops at the base of the pairs of needles where the gall midge, Cecidomyia baeri burrows (Peace, 1962) and on Douglas fir attacked by Chermes cooleyi the pathogen invades the carcases of the aphids and uses these as a food base before penetrating the stomata of the needle (47, 3240).

Tubeufia cerea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Tubeufia cerea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: developing on effete stromata of bark-inhabiting ascomycetes, especially members of the Diatrypaceae, probably also obtaining nutrition from the bark tissues. DISEASE: probably none, the fungus living saprobically on dead fungal tissues for at least most of its life cycle. No detailed studies of its biology in nature have been carried out. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: widely distributed in the north temperate zone with a few records from the tropics. Recorded from Austria, Belgium, Canada, Guyana, India, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, UK, USA (Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Vermont, Utah). TRANSMISSION: the ascospores are presumably air-dispersed and the conidia transmitted via water-splash, but there is no experimental evidence to support these suppositions.

scholarly journals Determination of ecological conditions and geographical distribution of vegetation in the Goksu basin

2022 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Fatih Karaosmanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The North

On the ecological conditions and distribution of vegetation in any geographical area; The mutual interaction of factors such as climate (temperature-precipitation), topography (altitude-mountain extent), soil plays an important role. In addition, these factors also determine the ecological and geographical distribution of vegetation at micro and macro levels. In this study, geographic information systems (GIS) are used as a method and here; Digital elevation model of the basin (30x30), multi-year climate data (precipitation, temperature), Erinc climate type results, soil distribution, stand distribution, plant profiles and field photographs are the materials used in the study. By processing these data, the type and distribution of vegetation in the Goksu basin were determined. According to these findings, physical factors such as altitude and the extent of the mountains have created significant differences in the precipitation and temperature distribution of the basin. This difference was clearly observed in the Erinc climate classification results, and the south of the basin presented humid and semihumid climate characteristics, and the north presented semi-arid climate characteristics. These climatic conditions also affected the soil formation and type,causing a wide distribution of non-calcareous brown soils and non-calcareous brown forest soils in the field. As a result of all these conditions, plant species showed different vertical and spatial distribution. In the part from the south of the basin to Saimbeyli, plant species such maquis, pinus brutia, pinus nigra, Cedrus libani, Abies, Juniperus are distributed, while in the north, oak species such as oak, Bromus torhentallus, Astragalus, Thymus have been distributed. Thus, factors such as climate, topography and soil played an important role in the spread of vegetation and species in the Goksu Basin.

The relations between the South African fauna and the terrestrial and limnic animal life of the southern cold temperate zone

1960 ◽  
Vol 152 (949) ◽  
pp. 568-571 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciations ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Rich

In principle, the fauna of the southern temperate zone should present a general distribution pattern similar to that of the northern temperate zone. The rich invertebrate material preserved in the early Tertiary Baltic amber indicates that, at that time, the similarity was much closer than it is today. But during the Tertiary the cooling climate, in the north, resulted in the recession and extinction of many of those organisms which were rigidly fixed to a certain combination of environmental factors. The Pleistocene glaciations very effectively put a stop to the existence of many such invertebrate species and species groups whose relatives are now regarded as typical relicts. There is no doubt that the influence of the ice ages was comparatively small in the southern temperate zone of the Old World compared to what happened in the north. As regards the African continent it has been supposed that the highest areas in southern Africa, the Maluti Range in eastern Basutoland, at that time were covered with ice. But it was not so. On visiting that area we found that it has been free from ice, and moreover, that it is inhabited by an interesting, largely endemic fauna. Likewise, there is nothing indicating that the South Atlantic islands, the Tristan group and Gough Island, were capped with ice or carried isolated glaciers during the Pleistocene glaciations. Comparatively unchanged climatic conditions made the survival of the preglacial fauna possible.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS GYMNOSPORANGIUM

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (9) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan H. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Host Group ◽  
The North

This study of geographical distribution shows that species of the genus Gymnosporangium are found in the northern hemisphere only and occur most abundantly in the temperate portion. Each of the three major continents contains a distinctive Gymnosporangium flora and, with the exception of three species called the "tricontinental species", species occur naturally in one continent only. The genus contains about 48 species; 33 occur in North America, 15 in Asia and 6 in Europe (including the three tricontinental species in each case). Explanations of the types of geographical distribution of the North American species are given under four categories: (i) species that occupy all potential territory covered by the coincident ranges of their alternate hosts, (ii) species that are confined by the range of their "primary" telial host, (iii) localized species that are confined within a portion of the coincident ranges of their alternate host, and (iv) widely distributed species that are not limited in their range by either alternate host group.

Reconstructing Past Climatic Anomalies in the North Pacific and Western North America from Tree-Ring Data

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Blasing ◽  
H.C. Fritts
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The North ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
The North Pacific

Winter climatic anomalies in the North Pacific sector and western North America are statistically calibrated with tree-ring data in western North America and reconstructed back to AD 1700. The results are verified using climatic data from the last half of the 19th century, which is prior to the calibration period. Climatic conditions reconstructed for 18th and 19th century winters are then summarized and compared with the 20th century record.

Political orientation and moral foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
J Dorasamy ◽  
Mr Jirushlan Dorasamy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
The North

Studies, especially in the North America, have shown a relationship between political orientation and moralfoundation. This study investigated whether moral judgements differ from the political orientation of participantsin South Africa moral judgment and the extent to which moral foundations are influenced by politicalorientation.Further, the study investigated the possibility of similar patterns with the North AmericanConservative-Liberal spectrum and the moral foundation. There were 300participants, 78 males and 222 females,who completed an online questionnaire relating to moral foundation and political orientation. The results partiallysupported the hypothesis relating to Liberal and Conservative orientation in South Africa. Further, this studypartially predicted the Liberal-Conservative orientation with patterns in the moral foundation, whilst showingsimilar findings to the North American studies. A growing rate of a neutral/moderate society is evidenced in SouthAfrica and abroad, thereby showing the emergence of a more open approach to both a political and generalstance.”””

Peculiarities of the course of the postpartum period in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology and behavioral reactions in the North-East of Russia (Republic of Sakha)

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
V. Fedorov ◽  
E. Sleptsov ◽  
K. Plemyashov
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mountain Taiga

A growth in the number of deer and an increase in their productivity are closely related to the solution of the complex problem of reproduction and rational use of deer females. Significant damage to reindeer husbandry is caused by the barrenness of northern domestic deer, the level of which has been quite high in recent years. So, in the Republic of Sakha, on 01.01.2020, the number of domesticated reindeer was 152,068, of which female deer and heifers — 71,818, offspring per 100 females — 59, business yield amounted to 52 fawns per 100 females. The causes of infertility are very diverse, as the natural and climatic conditions of the breeding zones have a significant influence on the reproductive function of reindeer. In Yakutia, the main population of northern domestic deer is bred in mountain taiga and tundra natural-climatic zones, so there are about 55 thousand deer in the mountain taiga zone and more than 65 thousand deer in the tundra zone. In this regard, the study of the peculiarities of the postpartum period course in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology, and behavioral reactions depending on the natural and climatic conditions of breeding is of great importance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document