Peronospora cytisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora cytisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Laburnum alpinum, L. anagyroides; Robinia pseudacacia (fide Lindtner, 1957, but not confirmed by cross inoculation). DISEASE: Downy mildew of laburnum. The disease is most severe on young seedlings about 6-8 inches high. Symptoms are first seen on the upper surface of the leaves as pale yellow spots, these areas rapidly become brown, dead and brittle. The down, which is greyish brown, develops in a dense felt on the undersurface of these spots. The infected leaves may become completely withered and drop off and the seedlings then soon die. Infection of older plants has been reported by Magnus (1892) who described a single shrub (no indication of size given) with many leaves fallen and the remainder with numerous spots. Berlese (1903) records that in older plants the parasite develops especially in the upper leaves but the plants are not killed. The following year they can look perfectly healthy unless attacked again by the disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden (fide Gaumann (1923) but no specimen seen by Gustavsson (1959)), Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: No reports. Contaminated seed was not thought to be the source of the attack reported by Kirchner (1892) on seedlings raised from seed from the local botanic garden where the disease was not present nor did it subsequently appear. Oospores form in considerable numbers in the withered leaves and must form a potential source of infection on fallen debris in the soil. However the sporadic outbreaks of the disease suggests that the fungus may perhaps exist on other hosts such as Robinia pseudacacia or be present in small and undetected quantities on older laburnum plants in most seasons and only cause severe infection, and thus attract attention, when weather conditions favour its rapid development.

Peronospora hariotii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Terminal Bud

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora hariotii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Buddleja davidii cv. White Profusion, B. globosa and cultivars, especially cv. Lemon Ball. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Buddleja. This is a disease of nursery stock and there are no reports of the fungus infecting mature plants. Young plants 1-2 ft. high bear conspicuous brown lesions on their leaves. These begin as a yellow area on the upper surface which soon turns brown and brittle. Leaves affected in this way usually drop off. The leading shoot and terminal bud may also die. The down, which develops on the lower surface of infected leaves, is pale to medium brown depending on age and weather conditions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Britain, France). TRANSMISSION: Not known.

Peronospora dianthicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Humuli ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora dianthicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Dianthus caryophyllus. DISEASE: Downy mildew of carnation. Early symptoms are seen on the leaves which have pale green to yellowish transverse bands and may bend at these lesions. Infected plants are stunted and become withered. Infection of the growing point may result in the development of axillary buds giving the plants a bushy appearance. Barthelet describes the shoots which can develop in some resistant varieties as resembling the basal spikes of Pseudoperonospora humuli on hops, i.e., shoots with smaller leaves, thickened stem and shortened internodes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Britain*, Denmark, France, Greece, Turkey); N. America (California, USA); S. America (Colombia). *no herbarium material, but recorded by F.A. Mason, The Naturalist no. 848: 270, 1927; on leaves of carnation under glass, Duncombe Park, Helmsley, Yorks. (Sept. 1920). TRANSMISSION: Oospores, which are formed abundantly in the tissues of diseased plants, are thought to be important in disease transmission. A small amount of infection is often seen on the plants in the autumn and these foci can allow the pathogen to overwinter until more favourable weather conditions permit the spread of the disease the following spring. Possible weed hosts for the pathogen such as Cerastium and Stellaria, growing in the vicinity, were examined and found to be infected with a different species of Peronospora belonging to the P. alsinearum group (33, 230).

Peronospora destructor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Peronospora Destructor ◽  
North East

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora destructor. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Affects species of Allium; common on A. cepa, rarer on A. ascalonicum, A. fistulosum, A. porrum, A. sativum, A. schoenoprasum, and a few wild species. DISEASE: Downy mildew (mildiou, falscher Mehitau) of onion. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: On onion in all parts of Europe and America; north, east and south Africa, west, south and east Asia, Australia, New Zealand; and Tasmania. On other Allium crops in a few countries in Europe and on other continents (CMI Map 76. ed. 3, 1969).

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

IMPORTANCE OF TOOTH-BRUSH DISINFECTION IN SARS Cov-2.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Akash Bhatt ◽  
Neel Gupta ◽  
Lavisha Garg
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source

As public distribution of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is underway, prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on minimizing spread. Toothbrushes are a potent source of infection as it harbours the microorganisms and increases the viral load as well. It also increases the chances of cross infection among family members. Therefore disinfecting toothbrushes after every use may be a viable option to decrease the total viral load as well as to limit the chances of cross - infection. This communication aims to focus on the fact that toothbrushes may be another potential source of infection in this pandemic, thereby this needs to be disinfected after every use and once person is recovered, it should be replaced with a new one.

scholarly journals Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hadyme Miyague ◽  
Fernando Marum Mauad ◽  
Wellington de Paula Martins ◽  
Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

scholarly journals Nano Silver Coated Surgical Apparels and Phaco Needles for Safety of Ophthalmic Surgeons in View of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Santosh Dnyanmote ◽  
Jorge Alio ◽  
Anuradha Dnyanmote
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Recent Outbreak

Background: In view of the recent outbreak of the pandemic caused by novel corona virus 19 (n-covid) which has thrown the overall healthcare system that has created fear, apprehension and anxiety amongst all surgeons. Ophthalmic surgeons are no exceptions. The new corona virus is a respiratory virus of the Coronoviridae family containing a single strand of RNA which spreads primarily through droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. A person can get infected by the virus if the person is within 1 meter of a person with COVID 19 or by touching contaminated surface and then touching eyes, nose or mouth. Methods: Standard recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 include frequent cleaning of hands using alcohol based hand rubs or soap and water. Covering the nose and mouth with a proper mask, covering skin, eyes, hair, hands and legs with proper apparel is important. Just like elderly members of the society, the healthcare workers who have some co-morbidity are susceptible to COVID-19 invasion. Asymptomatic carriers who may present with senile or pre-senile cataract can be a potential source of infection to other patients, hospital staff, surgeons and others. Conclusion: It is important that all the microsurgical instruments which will be used for phacoemulsification be properly sterilized. The surfaces of these instruments should remain free of contaminants as these instruments will be used multiple times in other patients as well.

Phytophthora megakarya. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Phytophthora Megakarya ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora megakarya. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cacao. DISEASE: Black pod of cacao. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: West Africa including Nigeria. TRANSMISSION: By rain splash from soil (an important source of infection) and diseased pods. By ants (60, 5356).

Peronospora oerteliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora oerteliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primula acaulis, P. algida, P. elatior, P. juliae, P. officinalis, P. veris, P. vulgaris. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Primula species. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia-Temperate: Kazakhstan. Europe: Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, France, Germany, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, UK (England, Scotland). TRANSMISSION: By conidia which are dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores in disease transmission is unknown, but they may have a perennating function.

Peronospora sordida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora sordida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Scrophularia altaica, S. aquatica, S. auriculata, S. bosniaca, S. californica, S. heterophylla, S. lanceolata, S. marylandica, S. nodosa, S. scopolii, S. umbrosa (=S. alata), Verbascum banaticum, V. blattaria, V. densiflorum (=V. thapsiforme), V. glabratum subsp. glabratum, V. lychnitis, V. nigrum, V. phlomoides, V. phoenicum, V. speciosum, V. thapsus, V. thapsus subsp. crassifolium (=V. montanum), V. virgatum. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Scrophularia and Verbascum, some species of which may be cultivated commercially for their medicinal or ornamental value; an obligately necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; USSR (Kirghizia, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan). Europe; Austria, Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, USSR (Byelorussia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, RSFSR, Ukraine), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Channel Islands, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales), Yugoslavia. North America; USA (California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Virginia). TRANSMISSION: By spores ('conidia') dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores (if they are usually formed) in disease transmission is unknown.

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