Filobasidiella neoformans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Joo Kwon-Chung
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Facial Numbness ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract A description is provided for Filobasidiella neoformans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Bird droppings, particularly pigeon droppings, and soil contaminated with droppings are the best known source of F. neoformans in the environment. In addition to man, naturally-acquired infections have been recorded in the baboon, buffalo, cat, cattle, cheetah, civet, dog, fennec, ferret, fox, goat, guineapig, horse, koala, mink, monkeys, mouse, ox, peccary, pig, hare and sheep (causing mycoses). Experimental infection can be regularly produced in laboratory animals, mice being the animals of choice for most experimental work. DISEASE: Cryptococcosis (torulosis, European blastomycosis, Busse-Buschke's disease). This is a subacute or chronic pulmonary disease with a marked tendency to spread to the brain and sometimes other organs. The pulmonary form is usually transitory, mild and unrecognized. Cutaneous, skeletal and visceral lesions may occur during dissemination of the disease. Involvement of the central nervous system with meningoencephalitis is both the most common localization and the most common cause of death from the disease. Cryptococcosis of the central nervous system is invariably fatal unless treated. The symptoms of central nervous system Cryptococcosis are headache, nausea, dizziness, impaired memory, irritability, lethargy, ataxia and sometimes nuchal rigidity. Fever is low grade or absent. If the cranial nerves are involved, the patient may experience facial numbness or weakness or diplopia. The duration of the disease varies from a few weeks to 15 or 20 years. In cattle, cryptococcal mastitis is a not uncommon disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of the Central Nervous System: Clinical Study of 10 Cases

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Di Marco ◽  
Luisa Rosta ◽  
Franco Campostrini ◽  
Andrea Bonetti ◽  
Mario Palazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Whole Brain Irradiation ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Clinical Conditions

A series of 10 patients with a primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system were observed and treated by the authors. All were diagnosed after a pathologic examination of the surgical material; the lesions were supratentorial in all cases and unifocal in 9. In every case radiation therapy improved clinical conditions and in most cases even radiologic features of the patients. Four patients were alive and without evidence of disease many months after therapy. Four patients died with a relapse in the central nervous system; 3 of them had disseminated disease at the time of death. Two patients died for an unknown cause. Radiation therapy was performed with 60Co source with 2 opposed portals and the whole brain irradiation technique in all cases but 2. Doses ranged from 35 to 54 Gy. The recent literature on this uncommon disease and the most adequate therapeutic possibilities of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, or both, are discussed.

scholarly journals The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Miroslav M. Odinak ◽  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)

scholarly journals Comparing the Superficial Vasculature of the Central Nervous System in Six Laboratory Animals: A Hypothesis About the Role of the “Circle of Willis”

2019 ◽  
Vol 302 (11) ◽  
pp. 2049-2061
Author(s):  
Yoo Yeon Kim ◽  
Janet Ren Chao ◽  
Chulho Kim ◽  
Harry Jung ◽  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals n-3 PUFA and obesity: from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 1312-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Haas de Mello ◽  
Marcela Fornari Uberti ◽  
Bianca Xavier de Farias ◽  
Nathalia Alberti Ribas de Souza ◽  
Gislaine Tezza Rezin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

AbstractThe current paradigms of prevention and treatment are unable to curb obesity rates, which indicates the need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. Obesity leads to several damages to the body and is an important risk factor for a number of other chronic diseases. Furthermore, despite the first alterations in obesity being observed and reported in peripheral tissues, studies indicate that obesity can also cause brain damage. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and the therapeutic manipulation of inflammation can be explored. In this context, the use of n-3 PUFA (especially in the form of fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA) may be an interesting strategy, as this substance is known by its anti-inflammatory effect and numerous benefits to the body, such as reduction of TAG, cardiac arrhythmias, blood pressure and platelet aggregation, and has shown potential to help treat obesity. Thereby, the aim of this narrative review was to summarise the literature related to n-3 PUFA use in obesity treatment. First, the review provides a brief description of the obesity pathophysiology, including alterations that occur in peripheral tissues and at the central nervous system. In the sequence, we describe what are n-3 PUFA, their sources and their general effects. Finally, we explore the main topic linking obesity and n-3 PUFA. Animal and human studies were included and alterations on the whole organism were described (peripheral tissues and brain).

In and Out of the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Aminoff
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Brain

In 1811, Bell had printed privately a monograph titled Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. In it, Bell correctly showed that the anterior but not the posterior roots had motor functions. François Magendie subsequently showed that the anterior roots were motor, and the posterior roots were sensory. This led to a dispute about priority during which Bell republished some of his early work with textual alterations to support his claims. Bell was involved in a similar dispute with Herbert Mayo concerning the separate functions of the fifth (sensory) and seventh (motor) cranial nerves, and Mayo today is a forgotten man. In both instances, Bell deserves credit for the concepts and initial experimental approach, and Magendie and Mayo deserve credit for obtaining and correctly interpreting the definitive experimental findings.

scholarly journals Filament proteins in central, cranial, and peripheral mammalian nerves.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Davison ◽  
R N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Peptide Maps

Several classes of 10-nm filaments have been reported in mammalian cells and they can be distinguished by the size of their protein subunit. We have studied the distribution of these filaments in nerves from calves and other mammals. From the display on polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels of proteins in extracts from fibroblast and central, cranial and peripheral nerves, we cut the appropriate stained bands and prepared iodinated peptide maps. The similarities between the respective maps provide strong evidence for the presence of vimentin in cranial and peripheral nerves. The glial fibrillary acidic protein was found in axon preparations from the central nervous system, but was not identified in distal segments of some cranial nerves, nor in peripheral nerve.

Primary malignant lymphoma in the cerebellopontine angle

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Kariya ◽  
Kazunori Nishizaki ◽  
Katsuya Aoji ◽  
Hirofumi Akagi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractPrimary malignant lymphoma is an uncommon disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of development of malignant lymphoma. We describe a case of primary CNS lymphoma presenting as a solitary cerebellopontine angle lesion. The patient had undergone extirpation of rectal cancer four years previously. Malignant lymphoma presenting as a cerebellopontine angle mass is extremely rare, with only 10 such cases (seven were primary, and the others secondary) previously reported.

scholarly journals Constructive Interference in Steady State Imaging in the Central Nervous System

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Guimarães Gonçalves ◽  
Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Spinal Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Noise Ratio

Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused fast-gradient echo sequence that is mainly used in the assessment of the central nervous system. The most important advantages of steady-state imaging are short acquisition times, high signal-to-noise ratio, and better contrast-to-noise ratio. Owing to its cisternographic effect, CISS is useful in the assessment of the cranial nerves, and can also be used when studying cysts, cystic masses, and neurocysticercosis and in hydrocephalus cases. CISS has been shown to be useful in spinal imaging, epecially in cases of arteriovenous malformation and when it is helpful to better characterise intra- and extramedullary cystic abnormalities.

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