Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Abstract A description is provided for Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On turf grasses: Agrostis alba, A. canina, A. palustris, A. stolonifera, A. stolonifera subsp. compacta, A. tenuis, Avena, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria didacryla, Festuca ovina, F. rubra, F. rubra subsp. comutata, F. rubra var. fallax, Holcus lanatus, Lolium, Paspalum notatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Poa annua, P. pratensis, P. trivialis, Puccinellia maritima, Cyperus rotundus. By inoculation on radish, lettuce, beet, tomato, subterranean clover, pea, bean and wheat seedlings, barley, onion. DISEASE: Dollar spot of turf. The spots are about 5 cm diam. and approximately circular, though they sometimes coalesce to form irregular patches. They are brown at first, later becoming bleached to straw coloured. The fungus is present on leaves, stems and basal parts of the plants, which eventually die. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTIBUTION: Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand (57, 4372), USA. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies made. The fungus is known to tee capable of overwintering in individual dollar spots (40, 689). Dissemination by infected leaf fragments has been reported (Smith, 1955).

Isolation and characterization of endophytic Streptomyces sp. S5 with herbicidal activity from tomato roots

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Zhi-Qi ◽  
Cao Li-Xiang ◽  
Tan Hong-Ming ◽  
Zhou Shi-Ning
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Streptomyces Lavendulae ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Endophytic Streptomyces

AbstractFifty-eight actinomycetes were isolated from surface-sterilized tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots and 43 isolates were screened for herbicidal activities. Isolate S5 was found to have potent herbicidal activity against germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) and grass (Paspalum notatum and Cynodon dactylon) seeds. But the metabolites of isolate S5 showed no influence on the growth of wheat seedlings. The S5 strain was identified as Streptomyces lavendulae var. glaucescens based on its morphological characteristics and physiological properties. The highest herbicidal activity was observed when 2% inocula were applied into S medium (containing 1% glucose, 0.3% beef extract and pH 7.0) and incubated at 25°C on a rotary shaker (160 rpm).

Phytotoxic tetranorditerpenoids from the fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, causal agent of dollar spot in turfgrass

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
HMT Herath ◽  
WHMW Herath ◽  
SO Duke ◽  
M Tomaso-Peterson ◽  
NPD Nanayakkara
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot

scholarly journals First Report of Dollar Spot of Sandbur Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Oklahoma

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160-1160
Author(s):  
F. Flores ◽  
N. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Type I ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Disturbed Soils

Sandbur (Cenchrus incertus Curtis) is a warm-season, annual, noxious, grassy weed native to southern North America. It is common in sandy, disturbed soils and can also be found in home lawns and sport fields where low turf density facilitates its establishment. In July 2013, after a period of frequent rainfall and heavy dew, symptoms of dollar spot-like lesions (1) were observed on sandbur plants growing in a mixed stand of turf-type and native warm-season grasses in Logan County, Oklahoma. Lesions, frequently associated with leaf sheaths, were tan and surrounded by a dark margin. Symptomatic leaves were surface sterilized and plated on potato dextrose agar amended with 10 ppm rifampicin, 250 ppm ampicillin, and 5 ppm fenpropathrin. After incubation, a fungus morphologically identical to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Bennett was consistently isolated. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of two different isolates, SCL2 and SCL3, were amplified using primers ITS4 and ITS5 (2). The DNA products were sequenced and BLAST analyses were used to compare sequences with those in GenBank. The sequence for isolate SLC2 was 869 bp, contained a type I intron in the 18S small subunit rDNA, and was identical to accession EU123803. The ITS sequence for isolate SLC3 was 535 bp and identical to accession EU123802. Twenty-five-day-old seedlings of C. incertus were inoculated by placing 5-mm-diameter agar plugs, colonized by mycelia of each S. homoeocarpa isolate, onto two of the plants' leaves. Plugs were held in place with Parafilm. Two plants were inoculated with each isolate and sterile agar plugs were placed on two leaves of another seedling as control. Plants were incubated in a dew chamber at 20°C and a 12-h photoperiod. After 3 days of incubation, water-soaked lesions surrounded by a dark margin appeared on inoculated plants only. Fungi that were later identified as S. homoeocarpa isolates SLC2 and SLC3 by sequencing of the ITS region were re-isolated from symptomatic leaves, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dollar spot on sandbur. References: (1) R. W. Smiley et al. Page 22 in: Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.

scholarly journals The Association Between In Vitro Propiconazole Sensitivity and Field Efficacy of Five New England Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Populations

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Popko ◽  
Chang-Ho Ok ◽  
Katie Campbell-Nelson ◽  
Geunhwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Turfgrass Disease ◽  
Country Club ◽  
Field Efficacy

Dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) is a major turfgrass disease requiring fungicide application to maintain acceptable conditions for golf. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine the association between field efficacy of propiconazole and in vitro fungicide sensitivity of isolates from five S. homoeocarpa populations. Four golf courses with prior propiconazole exposure (Hartford Golf Club, Hickory Ridge Country Club, Shuttle Meadow Country Club, and Wintonbury Hills Golf Club), and a baseline site with no prior propiconazole exposure (Joseph Troll Turf Research Facility) were chosen as field sites. Experimental plots at each site received the following treatments at 21-day intervals: untreated, propiconazole (0.44, 0.88, 1.32, and 1.76 kg a.i. ha–1), and chlorothalonil (8.18 kg a.i. ha–1). S. homoeocarpa isolates were sampled at three time points during 2009 and 2010: initial (directly before fungicide treatment), 7 days after treatment (DAT), and 21 days after the last treatment. Isolates sampled from dollar spot infection centers at 7 DAT (2009 and 2010) were considered to exhibit “practical field resistance”. In parallel, S. homoeocarpa isolates from each site were assayed for in vitro sensitivity to propiconazole by determining relative mycelium growth percentages (RMG%) on potato dextrose agar amended with propiconazole at a discriminatory concentration of 0.1 μg a.i. ml–1. S. homoeocarpa isolates from the four exposed populations displayed significantly higher RMG% values than the baseline population. In general, field efficacy at all propiconazole rates tested was lower at the four locations with prior propiconazole exposure when compared with the baseline population. Increased RMG% values on the propiconazole discriminatory concentration 0.1 μg a.i. ml–1 were associated with decreased relative control values for all propiconazole rates in 2009 and 2010. Results suggest RMG values above 50% at the propiconazole discriminatory concentration of 0.1 μg a.i. ml–1 may be a suitable threshold for detection of S. homoeocarpa isolates that cause practical DMI field resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Mostafa ◽  
Syed Arvin Hassan ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽  
Md. Ahasan Habib ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

Solar Heating of the Soil: Involvement of Environmental Factors in the Weed Control Process

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruch Rubin ◽  
Abraham Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Vegetative Propagules

Solar heating (SH) of wet soil by mulching it with transparent polyethylene (PE) during the hot season increased soil temperature in a typical daily course which varied with soil depth. Annual weed species responded to soil heating in the laboratory with the same pattern as under SH conditions in the field. Rhizomes of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylonL. Pers. ♯3CYNDA) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepenseL. Pers. ♯ SORHA) were very sensitive to heat treatment, but purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. ♯ CYPRO) tubers were able to survive temperatures as high as 80 C for 30 min. Species having big and heavy seeds or vegetative propagules were able to emerge from deep layers of soil, thus practically escaping the lethal temperature prevailing in the upper layer. Transparent and black PE mulching effectively prevented water loss from soil, as compared with perforated PE and nonmulched control. CO2concentration in the soil atmosphere under transparent PE mulching increased rapidly during the first week and reached a maximal level which was 20-fold higher than that formed in nonmulched soil. Ethylene at 0.2 ppm was detected only in a mulched soil environment. No differences in levels of CH4or CO were detected.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) for short-term drought tolerance targeting low-maintenance landscaping

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Chalinda Koshitha Beneragama ◽  
Ganege Don Kapila Kumara
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Bahia Grass

Drought responses of turf-type Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) in relation to their growth, carbon allocation and accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates were investigated. Seedlings were exposed to a 20 day terminal drought, followed by 20 day recovery with irrigation. Leaf dry matter was lower in water-stressed plants than control plants by the end of drought, but did not differ in roots. For both species, more carbon was allocated towards roots in response to drought. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration in shoots was increased in drought-stressed plants of both species. However, root TNC concentrations in Bahia grass were decreased after drought. TNC pool sizes also showed a similar variation, hence correlated with TNC concentrations. Bahia grass maintained a better quality than Bermuda grass after the drought, having recorded a higher aesthetic score, higher relative water content and a lower electrolyte leakage. Results suggest that, both species are considerably tolerant to short-term drought though Bahia grass seems more promising.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 12-16

PLANTAS INVASORAS ENCONTRADAS NA ÁREA URBANA DE CURITIBA (PR)

FLORESTA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Biondi ◽  
José Henrique Pedrosa-Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Cirsium Vulgare ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

A grande maioria das espécies invasoras nas áreas urbanas é introduzida pela população e pelos órgãos públicos. Muitas delas, quando plantadas excessivamente, podem gerar problemas ambientais muito graves, principalmente como ameaça às plantas nativas remanescentes, por ocupar seu espaço. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o potencial invasor da vegetação urbana da cidade de Curitiba, com base numa amostragem aleatória composta de setenta unidades distribuídas em cinco condições espaciais diferentes – ruas, parques, praças, terrenos baldios e jardins – em quarenta e cinco bairros diferentes, e levando-se em consideração o crescimento demográfico e a evolução da ocupação urbana de Curitiba. Das 370 espécies amostradas na área urbana de Curitiba, 155 espécies (42%) são consideradas invasoras por algum país e 21 espécies (5,7%) são consideradas invasoras no Brasil (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Chrysanthemum myconis L., Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tem., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., Crocosmia x crocosmaeflora Lem., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus L., Dracaena fragrans Ker-Gawl., Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., Impatiens walleriana Hook. f., Ligustrum lucidum Aiton., Melia azedarach Blanco, Morus nigra L., Ophiopogon japonicum Ker-Gawl., Passiflora alata (Dryand.) Ait., Psidium guajava L., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. e Tradescantia zebrina Hort. ex Bosse). Destas espécies, 8 são invasoras (2,2%) na região de Curitiba (Cirsium vulgare, Eriobotrya japonica, Melia azedarach, Morus nigra, Ophiopogon japonicum, Psidium guajava e Tradescantia zebrina).

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