Xanthomonas pelargonii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brownish Black

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas pelargonii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pelargonium spp., also a number of Geranium spp. DISEASE: Bacterial stem rot and leaf spot. The leaf spot phase is characterized by irregular, small, brown, withered, initially water-soaked spots, bordered by a narrow greenish yellow zone, and exuding a small amount of bacterial slime. The stem rot phase gives a brownish black discoloration of the stem tissue and often wilting followed by angular necrosis of the leaves delimited by the main veins. These leaves die back to the stem, but remain attached until finally only the terminal leaves appear healthy. Pythium debaryanum causes very similar symptoms on Pelargonium stems. The fungus, however, produces a blackish-green to almost coal black rot, whereas the bacterium gives a brown to brownish-black rot. The fungal disease progresses much faster. Microscopical examinations reveal fungal mycelium. A Pseudomonas sp. has also been recorded as giving similar symptoms on Pelargonium (Baker, Ministry of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 25: 292, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe and N. America, also reported from the Middle East and Australia (CMI Map 414, ed. 1, 1966). Additional occurrences include France (44, 3071), Netherlands (11, 767), Romania (46, 1409), Scotland (53, ld), Switzerland (55, 5239), Yugoslavia (54, 4405), Morocco (51, 3809), Iran (49, 910d) and Japan (46, 1947). TRANSMISSION: Under horticultural conditions the disease is spread mainly by operations concerned with vegetative propagation and, in particular, by diseased stock plants, which may appear healthy and by contaminated knives. Water splash dispersal also occurs (34, 369). Transmission by greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, has also been demonstrated (41, 523; 42, 553).

Mycosphaerella caricae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella caricae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Carica papaya. DISEASE: Fruit rot, leaf spot and stem rot of pawpaw. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, USA (Hawaii), Papua New Guinea, West Irian. Central America & West Indies: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico. South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, by water splash and contact through natural wounds.

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Pestalotiopsis guepinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis guepinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Camellia japonica, C. sinensis, Erica and Rhododendron, with occasion records on unrelated hosts including Hippocratea, Jatropha, Laurus, Pinus and Terminalia. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot, twig dieback, stem canker, petal rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Specimens in Herb. IMI from Ghana, Kenya, Togo, India, Bohemia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK, USA. Reported in literature from Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Azores, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic. TRANSMISSION: Conidia from diseased material and trash are dispersed by contact, water splash and local air currents, possibly to a limited extent by soil although extensive growth in soil has not been reported. It may also be seed-borne.

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Pseudocercospora contraria. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora contraria. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dioscoria spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot of yams. Plant growth is not affected, but in severe infections some of the leaves, especially the older ones may be totally covered by the leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (most countries); Asia: India, Indonesia (Java). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Pseudocercospora neriella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Splash Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora neriella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Nerium indicum, Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Cyprus, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Russia, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tunisia, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.

Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Triticale (Triticum × Secale), Avena (oats) and Triticum (wheat). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Triticale, wheat and oats. Lesions on leaves are irregular to elliptical, light brown to straw yellow. As infection progresses lesions enlarge to form blotches extending to the margins of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa and North America (Mexico, Patzcuaro). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews. So far the mode of infection under natural conditions and the spread of the disease have not been investigated. It has been suggested that P. vermiformis might persist on native grasses in the field and this could serve as a source of inoculum in addition to the infected stubble or debris left over from previous years crop.

Phomopsis caricae-papayae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Infected Area

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis caricae-papayae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Carica papaya (papaw or papaya or pawpaw). DISEASE: Stem rot and fruit rot of Carica papaya. Stem rot starts near the base or higher as well defined lesions spreading rapidly. In severe cases causes death of plants. On fruits the visible symptoms are water-soaked spot on the surface which increases on maturity. The infected area becomes depressed, dark brown to black and revealing cracks at an advanced stage (Dhingra & Khare, 1971). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Nigeria, South Africa), Asia (India, Pakistan), Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Queensland; Hawaii); West Indies (Dominican Republic, St. Lucia); South America (Brazil, Pernambuco; Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: The method of natural infection and factors which favour the spread of the disease have not been thoroughly studied. Presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash and the fungus survives on dry stems and leaf stalks.

Septoria humuli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Hot Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria humuli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Humulus lupulus (hop). DISEASE: Leaf spot of hop leading to premature defoliation. The disease has been reported initially to be confined to older and lower leaves and subsequently spreading to younger and upper leaves (Putto, Koul & Saraf, 1975). Female plants have been reported as being more susceptible than male plants. The visible symptoms are minute circular or irregular lesions, 1-3 mm wide and prominent on both surfaces of the leaves. With the progress of infection these lesions enlarge to form well defined spots, up to 6 mm wide, with ash white centres. Occasionally spots coalesce to form leaf blotches. Often severely infected leaves are killed and one report claims leaves on vines up to a height of 2-3 m have been affected (5, 1985). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India, Himachal Padesh, Kashmir); Europe (Czechoslovakia, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, USSR); North America (USA, Kansas, New Hampshire). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported. Presumably by conidia disseminated by water splash during hot weather.

Calonectria colhounii var. macroconidialis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Splash Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria colhounii var. macroconidialis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Eucalyptus grandis (Crous et al., 1993a). DISEASE: Leaf spot, root rot, wilt (Crous et al., 1993b). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Crous et al., 1993a, b). TRANSMISSION: Splash dispersal in Eucalyptus cutting nurseries.

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