Venturia carpophila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Splash Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Venturia carpophila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: apricot, plum, peach and almond. DISEASE: Freckle, black spot, peach scab or black scab of peach; on fruits, leaves and sometimes other parts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan (CMI Map 198, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By splash dispersal of spores from infected plant parts.

Thecaphora solani. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Plant Parts

Abstract A description is provided for Thecaphora solani. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of Solanum, including S. tuberosum, S. andigenum and S. stoloniferum; found on clones of S. ajanhuiri, S. curtilobum, S. chaucha, S. goniocalyx, S. phureja, S. stenotomum and S. tuberosum subsp. andigena in the Potato Germ Plasm Bank, Peru (59, 2318); also on Lycopersicon.DISEASE: Potato smut. Infection normally commences in meristematic regions in young shoots, underground portions of stems (commonly at the base of a stem, where it joins the roots), stolons and eventually in tubers, and the resultant galls increase in size throughout the growing season (59, 5337). In tomato plants, hypertrophy and gall formation occur at the junction of stems and roots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: Mexico. South America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela. See CMI Distribution Map 214 (ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By infected tubers, also soilborne, the ustilospores released into soil by disintegration of infected plant parts and surviving there.

Elsinoe ampelina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
General Review ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Elsinoe Ampelina ◽  
Direct Attack ◽  
Fruit Surface

Abstract A description is provided for Elsinoe ampelina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vitis spp., especially varieties of the European grape (V. vinifera) and of some North American grapes including V. rupestris, V. Iabrusca and V. aestivalis. Also on Vitis hybrids, especially those derived from susceptible Vinifera or Rupestris parents (27, 461, Arnaud & Arnaud). For details of susceptibility of cultivated varieties and hybrids see Gaudineau (general review), Arnaud & Arnaud, Jennings (33, 67), Boehm (39, 70), du Plessis, Goyal et al. (51, 2735), Krarajnan et al. (49, 2948), Mirica et al. (50, 2404). For susceptibility of tropical and North American Vitis spp. see Fennell (27, 461). DISEASE: Grape anthracnose, black spot of vine (spot anthracnose etc.), birds eye rot (fruits). General symptoms may include: leaves - curling downwards, laceration or chlorosis of leaf parts and death of entire young leaf; shot-hole and premature leaf abscission; stems - stunting and death of young shoots, deterioration of older shoots and stocks, loss of fruit yield; fruits - loss of young bunches and distortion, splitting, mummification or abscission of berries by direct attack on fruit surface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in most grape-growing areas where suitable rainfall conditions occur (CMI Map 234, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: Initially by splash dispersal of conidia produced from overwintered sclerotia on lesions on stems, petioles or old bunch stalks (du Plessis). Secondary infection from diseased leaves, fruits, etc.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Local Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Linum spp., including L. usitatissimum L. (flax, linseed), L. angustifolium Huds. and L. crepitans Boemingh. (Kommedahl et al., 1970). It has also been reported to colonize roots of some weeds, including Veronica persica Poir., Stellaria media Cyrill., Lamium purpureum L., Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic. and Sonchus arvensis[Sonchus wightianus] L. (67, 1649). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where Linum is cultivated. TRANSMISSION: In seed and infected plant parts. Also by movement of contaminated soil during cultivation. Local dispersal is by water flow and splash droplets containing macro- or microconidia.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Bayoud Disease ◽  
A Site ◽  
Root Contact

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm); possibly Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island palm) and Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna). DISEASE: Bayoud disease (vascular wilt). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North Africa: Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco; Europe: France, Italy (on P. canariensis). (IMI Distribution Map 240). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil borne, and can survive for many years as chlamydospores in infected soil and plant residues (57, 2620). Within a site, the fungus may spread by root contact between adjacent trees (52, 4186). Between sites the fungus may be disseminated by dispersal of soil, infected plant parts or artefacts made from palm tissues. There is currently no evidence of seed borne transmission.

Venturia pirina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Venturia Pirina ◽  
Young Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Venturia pirina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Principally on pear (Pyrus communis) and other Pyrus spp., also recorded from Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) (Herb. IMI). DISEASE: Causes scab or black spot of pear, which results in loss of quantity and quality of fruit. The disease attacks shoots, buds, leaves and fruit, symptoms and aetiology being very similar to those of apple scab caused by V. inaequalis on Malus spp. (CMI Descript. 401). Dark, more or less circular scabs are produced on leaves and fruit, often with some growth distortion. Infection of young wood is more common than with apple scab and causes pale brown blister-like lesions which burst to release conidia in the following year. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in temperate and subtropical regions wherever pears are grown (see CMI Map 367, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Epidemiology is similar to that of apple scab. The overwintering saprophytic perithecial stage on leaf litter releases airborne ascospores in spring which infect young growth, and secondary infection by conidia dispersed during wet summer weather also occurs. Overwintering lesions on young wood are more frequent than with apple scab and conidia produced by these in the spring can be an important source of primary infection (46, 2061; 47, 849).

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Entyloma ficariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Remains

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma ficariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ranunculus ficaria and other species of Ranunculus; R. acris, R. auricomus, R. bongardii, R. cassubicus, R. eremogenes, R. macounii, R. montanus, R. multifidus, R. nemorosus, R. occidentalis, R. oreophilus, R. pennsylvanicus, R. polyanthemos, R. repens, R. sardous, R. scleratus, R. septentrionalis; there are occasional records for other Ranunculaceae (Anemone, Thalictrum). DISEASE: Leaf spot or white smut of Ranunculus species. Infected plants often show slightly smaller leaves and fewer flowers than uninfected. Although the smut is not systemic, it is common for almost every leaf of a plant to develop spots and for disease to persist within a small area year after year. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in north temperate regions. Asia: Japan, Turkey, USSR; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR; North America: Canada, USA (33: 450 & 634; Vanky, 1985). TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive in infected plant remains in soil and germinate, chiefly in spring, to infect the new seasons leaves. Conidia are disseminated by wind and rain and contribute to the spread of disease throughout the growing season.

Calonectria scoparia. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Araucaria Heterophylla ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Stem Cankers

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria scoparia. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp. (68, 1566), Araucaria heterophylla, Eucalyptus spp., Fragaria sp., Luma sp., Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Persea americana, Pinus spp., Pisum sativum, Rhododendron spp., Prunus sp., Syncarpia gummifera. DISEASE: Damping off, root rot, cutting rot, stem cankers, leaf spotting, seedling and shoot blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, India, Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Wind and splash dispersal.

Diplocarpon earliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon earliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Fragaria. DISEASE: Strawberry leaf scorch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea; Africa (Rhodesia, Zambia, South Africa, Canary Islands); Europe (except Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Russia); North America (Canada, USA, Jamaica); South America (Brazil, Uruguay); Asia (Armenia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia). Appears to be most important in USA and eastern Europe (CMI Map 452, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersal of conidia from infected leaves. Ascospores appear to be unimportant and in some regions (Poland; 46, 2074) where the perfect state has not been found.

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