Xanthomonas vasculorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas vasculorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. Also found naturally infecting Zea mays, Dictyosperma album, Thysanolaena maxima, Roystonea regia and Areca catechu. In addition to these, infection has beer; obtained after artificial inoculation on Bambusa vulgaris, Brachiaria mutica, Cocos nucifera, Coix lachyrma-jobi, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Sorghum halepense, S. verticilliflorum, 20: 381, S. vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense, Sorghum spp. (18, 710; 20, 381; 43, 218). DISEASE: Gumming disease or gummosis of sugarcane. On leaves, yellowish chlorotic stripes occur. These may be the only symptoms on the more resistant varieties. On other varieties they may become spotted with brownish spots that become necrotic with age. The necrosis may involve large areas of leaf. The vascular tissue of the stem becomes darkened and contains bacterial slime. In very susceptible varieties the yellow slime may also form below the terminal bud and sometimes interferes with the development of the top of the plant. The tops often die and the terminal bud decays. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Recently reported in the following countries: Africa: Ghana, Madeira, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Rhodesia, South Africa; North America: Mexico; Central & South America: Puerto Rico, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Far East: New Guinea; Hughes (34, 487) considers that the pathogen may not be present in New Guinea (CMI Map 3, ed. 5, 1971). The disease has been observed in the past in 25 or more countries where sugarcane is grown (48, 3137k; 50, 915y). In some it is claimed to have been eradicated and in others it has not been seen for many years. It may be that the local conditions and use of resistant varieties have combined to eradicate the pathogen. TRANSMISSION: Introduction into new areas and countries is by planting diseased setts or cuttings. Healthy setts may be infected from diseased ones during planting by means of the cutting knife. Agricultural tools, workers, vehicles, animals and even insects may carry inoculum from field to field. The most rapid and important local spread, however, is from plant to plant by wind-driven rain. Fresh wounds are needed for entry of the pathogen, but these are available, especially in windy weather, as a result of leaves rubbing together. The saw-tooth edges of the leaves cause many tiny abrasions (North, 1935; Hughes, 1961).

Xanthomonas albilineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
White Line ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas albilineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Bambusa vulgaris, Coix lacryma-jobi, Cymbopogon citratus, Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum, Sorghum halepense, Zea mays (Poaceae). Wild hosts: Brachiaria piligera, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum maximum, Paspalum conjugatum, P. dilatatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Poaceae). DISEASE: Leaf scald of sugarcane, considered to be one of the major diseases of this host. Two disease phases have been recorded: chronic and acute. In the chronic phase a typical white line (1-2 mm wide) runs parallel to the leaf veins almost the entire length of the leaf. Latterly, lines may become diffuse and redden, particularly in the middle of the stripe. Partial or total chlorosis of leaves occurs (scalding) and is accompanied by an inward curling. In the acute phase of the disease, sudden plant death occurs with few or no symptoms. The disease can remain dormant until environmental conditions are favourable for symptom expression. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas). CENTRAL AMERICA: Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Vera Cruz), Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil (Säo Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela. ASIA: Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Fiji, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea. TRANSMISSION: Primarily on infected cuttings and fluffs (mature flowers). The use of contaminated tools and harvesters aids local spread. Airborne infection has occurred and wet and stormy conditions are highly conducive to disease spread. Root to root infections have also been recorded (KLETT & ROTT, 1994).

Phytophthora katsurae. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Castanea Crenata ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora katsurae W.H. Ko & H.S. Chang. Hosts: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), coconut (Cocos nucifera), Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Australia, Queensland, Cote d'Ivoire, Jamaica, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, USA, Hawaii.

Drechslera incurvata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
New Hebrides

Abstract A description is provided for Drechslera incurvata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cocos nucifera. DISEASE: A leaf spot of young coconut (Cocos nucifera). The spots are at first small, oval, brown; enlarging and becoming pale buff in the centre with a broad, dark brown margin. In severe attacks the edges of leaves become extensively necrotic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apart from records from Jamaica and Seychelles the fungus has been reported only from S.E. Asia, Australasia and Oceania: British Solomon Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Malaysia (W., Sabah, Sarawak), New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Thailand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably air dispersed.

Eudarluca caricis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodríguez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
North Borneo

Abstract A description is provided for Eudarluca caricis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Hyperparasitic on rust pustules. This species has been discussed as a potential biological control agent by various authors (PELHATE, 1961, and SEBESTA, 1963, according to ERIKSSON, 1966; GONZÁLEZ & CASTELLANOS, 1978). HOSTS: On many rust species (including Kuehneola malvicola, Phakopsora gossypii, Peridermium peckii, Puccinia cynodontis, P. fimbristylidis, P. gouaniae, P. huberi, P. levis, P. liberta, P. melampodii, P. melanocephala, P. polysora, P. purpurea, P. raunkaerii, P. sorghi, P. thaliae, Puccinia sp., Uredinales fam. indet., Uredo aeschynomensis, U. kyllingiae, U. commelinae, U. costaricensis, U. phaseoli, U. setariae-italicae, U. tenuicutis) associated with the following plants: Allium ampeloprasum, A. schoenoprasum (Alliaceae), Canna coccinea, C. glauca (Cannaceae), Commelina elegans (Commelinaceae), Centaurea scabiosa, Synedrella nodiflora, Wedelia rugosa (Compositae), Carex sp., Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus sp., Eleocharis interstincta, Eleocharis sp., Fimbristylis diphylla, Kyllinga sp., Rhynchospora micrantha (Cyperaceae), Andropogon sp., Arachis hypogaea, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria decumbens, Eriochloa polystachys, Lasiacis divaricata, Panicum maximum, P. purpurascens, P. trichoides, Paspalum plicatulum, Pennisetum purpureum, Phragmites communis, Rhynchelytrum roseum, Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense, S. vulgare, Sporobolus indicus, Tripsacum laxum, Zea mays (Gramineae), Aeschynomene americana, Inga vera, Phaseolus vulgaris (Leguminosae), Althaea rosea, Gossypium barbadense, Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae), Rivina humilis (Phytolaccaceae), Gouania lupuloides (Rhamnaceae), Persica vulgaris, Potentilla canadensis, P. verna (Rosaceae), Salix fragilis, S. purpurea (Salicaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ubiquitous. Records of the anamorph are as follows. AFRICA: Algeria. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (NAG RAJ, 1993). CENTRAL AMERICA: American Virgin Islands (SEAVER, 1924, 1925), Cuba (COOK, 1906), Puerto Rico. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil. Ecuador. Venezuela (CHARDÓN & TORO, 1934). AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Austria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany. Records of the teleomorph are as follows. AFRICA: Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. NORTH AMERICA: USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil, Guyana [as British Guiana], Ecuador, Venezuela (ERIKSSON, 1966). ASIA: China, India, Japan, Malaysia (including North Borneo), former USSR. AUSTRALASIA: New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Clavibacter XYLI subsp. XYLI. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Planting Material

Abstract A description is provided for Clavibacter XYLI subsp. XYLI. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Saccharum officinarum, where it is restricted to the xylem. It produces a characteristic wilting when inoculated into sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid NB280S (61, 5933); also able to multiply in the xylem of various grasses and cereals, including Brachiaria mutica, B. miliiformis, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colonum, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense, S. sudanense, S. verticilliporum, Sporobolus capensis and Zea mays when artificially inoculated, but although it can be transmitted back to sugar cane to produce the disease, it does not produce symptoms in these plants (Gillespie & Teakle, 1989). DISEASE: Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugar cane. The cane makes slower than normal growth and is generally unthrifty. Canes are thinner with shorter internodes than normal and ratoon or stubble crops are particularly affected. Internally, reddish vascular bundles may be seen, especially at the nodes, or in immature cane, the interior of the nodes may be generally a faint pink. Such symptoms are, however, not particularly reliable for diagnosis, as they can result from stress caused by other factors. To confirm the disease it is probably best to observe the bacterium in the vessels by light or electron microscopy, use a serological method or both. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widespread due to transmission in planting material. Records include: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa (Natal), Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Burma, China, India (Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (Java), Japan, Malaysia (W.), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia (NSW, Qd), Fiji, Hawaii, Spain, Mexico, USA (Florida, LA), Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Argentina, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela (IMI Distribution Map 318, ed. 4, 1982; 63, 2478; 64, 2151; 66, 2051; 69, 5165; ISSCT List 1983). TRANSMISSION: To new areas in vegetative planting material and within the crop by mechanical means such as cutting knives and mechanical harvesters. Rats may also spread the disease.

Cordyceps dipterigena. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tropical Countries

Abstract A description is provided for Cordyceps dipterigena. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Diptera (Muscidae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical countries; Sri Lanka, Indonesia, New Guinea, North, Central and South America, Japan, Ghana.

Cochliobolus cynodontis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bermuda Grass

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus cynodontis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cynodon dactylon (very common on this host), other Cynodon spp., Agropyron, Ammi, Arecastrum, Axonopus, Calathea, Chamaedorea, Chrysalidocarpus, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Hordeum, Ipomoea, Lycopersicon, Muhlenbergia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Poa, Rhapis, Secale and Zea. DISEASE: Leafspot of Bermuda grass end other crops, leaf blight end brown patches of turf, lawns end golflinks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, India, Israel, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Spain, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad, Turkey, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Acroconidiella tropaeoli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Guinea

Abstract A description is provided for Acroconidiella tropaeoli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Tropaeolum spp. DISEASE: Causes severe losses in nasturtium seed fields in coastal California. It produces a yellowing and death of the leaves after mid season and this reduces yield. The fungus occurs sometimes on stems and is present on seeds but is most abundant on leaves where it forms characteristic irregular or subcircular brownish or purple spots visible on both sides. These are up to 1 cm diam. or often larger through confluence, the centres later shrivel and the surrounding tissues may form a broad yellow margin. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Ceylon, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritius, New Guinea, New Zealand, Tanzania, Uganda, U.S.A. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is borne internally and externally in up to 93% of commercial nasturtium 'seed', persisting for at least 3 years in the form of thick-walled mycelium in the pericarp and seed.

Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus Viruses: Tenuivirus. Hosts: Rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei, Darussalam, China, India, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Nusa, Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, OCEANIA, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.

Ceroplastes destructor. [Distribution map].

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceroplastes destructor Newst. (Homopt., Coccoidea) (White Wax Scale). Hosts: Citrus, coffee, various fruit and shade trees. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Bechuanaland, Congo, British Cameroons, Kenya, Madagascar, Nyasaland, San Thomé, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan, Tanganyika, Uganda, Union of South Africa, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, U.S.A.

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