Poria hypobrunnea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Woody Tissues ◽  
Tephrosia Candida

Abstract A description is provided for Poria hypobrunnea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On cacao, rubber, tea, dadap (Erythrina sp.), Tephrosia candida, Crotalaria anagyroides, Spathodea campanulata, Crotalaria incrassata. DISEASE: Root rot and stem canker, sometimes known as Poria root rot or red rust rot. Both these names can be misleading, as they are also used to refer to root infections caused by Poria hypolaterita. Woody tissues of trees attacked by the fungus are decayed to a soft, friable condition and are permeated by red mycelium. The flat sporophore is rarely found in association with infected tissues. Poria hypobrunnea is believed to be able to infect dead snags on tea bushes in Assam, producing a dieback and canker condition (27: 260), but more recent work by Agnihothrudu (44, 3142; 45, 596) suggests that this condition may be caused by P. punctata. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana); Asia (Ceylon, India (Assam), West Malaysia). TRANSMISSION: The fungus spreads from infected stumps into the soil by means of rhizomorphs that are at first red and later become black. At times the rhizomorphs fuse to form red sheets; the interior is white at all stages. Stump infection is said to occur by air-borne basidiospores (45, 36).

Phoma medicaginis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma medicaginis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Probably an opportunisitic pathogen and saprobe, while var. macrospora is more strongly pathogenic towards M. sativa. Contributory to causing (spring) black stem of forage legumes (mainly Medicago, possibly also Melilotus and Trifolium), involving seedling blight, stem canker, root rot and leaf spot. It develops as long dark lesions on petioles and stems, later encircling whole stems and spreading to cause crown and foot rot. HOSTS: On leaves, petioles, stems, roots and seeds of possibly a wide range of plants. However, many records require verification. The main host plant is Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), but also recorded on Melilotus and other Papilionaceae, including Arachis, Cicer, Glycine, Lathyrus, Lens, Phaseolus, Pisum, Trifolium, Trigonella, Vicia and Vigna. Non-leguminous host plants include Anacardium, Annona, Beta, Brassica, Chrysanthemum, Curcuma, Cyperus, Fragaria, Juniperus, Lycopersicon, Madhuca, Nicotiana, Phlox, Saccharum, Solanum, Striga, Themeda, Zea and Zinnia. Also reported from soil and indeterminate plant debris and from human scalp. While many records refer only to P. medicaginis s. lat., records for var. macrospora appear to indicate that it occurs more specifically on M. sativa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: West Indies. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne on plant debris with infection of new plants by rain splash. Probably also seed-borne if pods become infected.

Variability and inheritance in macadamia progenies to Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. multivora the causal agents of root rot and stem canker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide S. Jeff-Ego ◽  
Andre Drenth ◽  
Bruce Topp ◽  
Juliane Henderson ◽  
Olufemi A. Akinsanmi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Stem Canker

Cercospora mikaniicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Mikania Micrantha

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora mikaniicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mikania cordata, Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot and stem canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, USA (Florida), Vanuatu. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are presumably air-dispersed but there are no detailed studies.

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Calonectria rigidiuscula. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Green Point ◽  
North Borneo

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria rigidiuscula[Nectria rigidiuscula]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Theobroma cacao and many other hosts represented by the following families: Anonaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae. Also pathogenic on wound inoculation to hosts in the above and following additional families: Bignoniaceae and Ulmaceae (31: 232). DISEASES: Causing die-back and canker of branches associated with capsid injury, 'green-point' cushion gall of buds, and pod rot of cacao; panel decay of Hevea rubber associated with Pbytophthora spp. ; stem canker of robusta coffee associated with Xyleborus morstatta; stem rot of durian; and blight of rice plants including grain. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Cameroons, Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone); North America [United States (Okla.)]; Central America and West Indies (British Guiana, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Colombia, Surinam, Venezuela); Asia (Ceylon, India, Indo-China, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australasia & Oceania (New Caledonia, North Borneo, Tahiti). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores, either microconidia produced on recently infected tissue of injured, living stems, or macroconidia from sporodochia on recently dead stems, or ascospores from perithecia produced on long dead stems or cracks in bark (25: 548). The pathogen has been transmitted to cacao cotyledons by means of mealybugs (Pseudococcus njalensis[Planococcoides njalensis] and Ferrisiana virgata[Ferrisia virgata]) in the laboratory, but not elsewhere. Also a soil invader commonly recovered from previous sites of cacao (13: 128, 594) or coffee plantations (34: 179), and in grassland areas (33: 687); seed-borne on rice (32: 449).

Phoma sorghina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma sorghina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae and all kinds of plants. Also isolated from soil, air and various animal sources. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of cereals and grasses. The visible symptoms vary considerably; on sorghum leaves spots are usually irregular or rounded, yellowish-brown or grey with definite reddish-purple margins or indefinite in outline, reaching 1 cm or more in width. Pycnidia develop within spots on leaves, glumes and seeds. Also the fungus has been implicated with pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings of Macroptilium and Sylosanthes species (54, 1779) crown rot of bananas (61, 3556), leaf spot of Agave americana and stem rot of Euphorbia tirucalli (63, 3383), brown stem canker of Leucosperum cordifolium (56, 253). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A ubiquitous fungus occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Africa (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); Europe (Germany, Portugal, Italy, UK); North America (Canada, USA); Central America and West Indies (Antigua, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by contaminated seed; the fungus has been found on or isolated from several seed samples (1, 289; 33, 599; 47, 2153; 54, 1779; 60, 367; 61, 4102). In Taiwan P. sorghina has been found to be transmitted from seed to seedlings (62, 4281). The fungus has also been claimed to persist on trash and weed hosts and remain viable up to 1 yr but lose its viability after 2 yr storage on dry infected leaves (Koch & Rumbold, 1921).

Pestalotiopsis guepinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis guepinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Camellia japonica, C. sinensis, Erica and Rhododendron, with occasion records on unrelated hosts including Hippocratea, Jatropha, Laurus, Pinus and Terminalia. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot, twig dieback, stem canker, petal rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Specimens in Herb. IMI from Ghana, Kenya, Togo, India, Bohemia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK, USA. Reported in literature from Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Azores, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic. TRANSMISSION: Conidia from diseased material and trash are dispersed by contact, water splash and local air currents, possibly to a limited extent by soil although extensive growth in soil has not been reported. It may also be seed-borne.

Calonectria scoparia. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Araucaria Heterophylla ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Stem Cankers

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria scoparia. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp. (68, 1566), Araucaria heterophylla, Eucalyptus spp., Fragaria sp., Luma sp., Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Persea americana, Pinus spp., Pisum sativum, Rhododendron spp., Prunus sp., Syncarpia gummifera. DISEASE: Damping off, root rot, cutting rot, stem cankers, leaf spotting, seedling and shoot blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, India, Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Wind and splash dispersal.

Micronectriella nivalis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mould

Abstract A description is provided for Micronectriella nivalis[Monographella nivalis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The fungus is a serious pathogen of cereals (barley, wheat, rye) and grasses, especially in temperate regions where it may cause total loss of winter sown wheat and rye (43, 1873; 48, 3456). Tropical records, especially those on rice, need to be confirmed. DISEASE: Pre-emergence blight, root rot and occasionally head blight of cereals. Snow mould of turf. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, extremely widespread, USSR, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, N.E. and N.W. USA and Canada. Records have also been cited of its occurrence in India and West Africa (CMI Map 432, ed. 1, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By seed, soil, water and in summer by aerial dissemination of ascospores (48, 1628).

Nectria crotalariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Crown Roots

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria crotalariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia koa, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Crotalaria anagyroides, Liriodendron tulipifera and Tephrosia vogelii. DISEASE: Causes a collar rot of Crotalaria anagyroides and Tephrosia vogelii (29, 537), and a peg, pod and root necrosis of groundnut in Georgia (USA), a disease which has been named Cylindrocladium black rot of groundnuts. The diseased groundnut plants in the field were chlorotic and wilted and exhibited blighting of the leaf tips and margins. Chlorosis and wilting of the lateral foliage were usually less extensive than those of the erect primary branches (46, 1159). Reported as causing a severe root rot on potted Liriodendron tulipifera seedlings (49, 3016). In Hawaii the pathogen has been reported to cause a collar rot of Carica papaya and Acacia koa (Nishijima & Aragaki, 1973). On Carica papaya the diseased seedlings were characterized by stunting, chlorosis or loss of leaves and rotting of the collar region and crown roots. In glasshouse tests 5 cultivars of flue-cured tobacco proved to be highly susceptible to the pathogen while from 4 cultivars of cotton not visibly infected, the pathogen was isolated from roots (Rowe & Beute, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Sri Lanka and USA. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

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