Aplanobacter populi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
East Germany ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract A description is provided for Aplanobacter populi[Xanthomonas populi]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Populus spp. DISEASE: Bacterial canker of poplar. 'Chancre suitant' of Ride. First visible on young branches as slightly swollen areas with superficial cracks from which may ooze a dense, mucous, greyish exudate in sparing. Large cankers may develop at these sites over several seasons, or other organisms may invade and cause rapid death of the distal part of the branch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (CMI Map 422). Recently reported from East Germany (46, 2843). A different bacteriosis has been reported in Italy (Ride, pers. comm., 1970). TRANSMISSION: The disease can spread rapidly in the direction of the prevailing wind in susceptible plantations (47, 3227), suggesting spread by wind-blown rain splashes. Insects such as the cambium miner, Dendromyza carbonaria, are probably also involved. Dissemination into new areas occurs when infected material is planted. The pathogen gains entry into the plant through wounds, e.g. leaf and stipule scars, insect punctures, and frost cracks.

Xanthomonas populi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Bacterial Exudate

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas populi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Populus balsamifera, P. deltoides, P. euamericana, P. tremula, P. tremuloides and P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides (Salicaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial canker of poplar. First visible on young branches which swell and crack producing a bacterial exudate. Large cankers may develop at these sites over several seasons, or other organisms may invade and cause rapid death of the distal part of the branch. The pathogen gains entry into the plant through wounds, e.g. leaf and stipule scars, insect punctures and frost cracks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: China, Pakistan. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: The disease can be spread by the actions of wind and rain.

Scirrhia pini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract A description is provided for Scirrhia pini[Mycosphaerella pini]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pines including Pinus radiata and its hybrids, P. halepensis, P. canariensis, P. carbaea, P. ponderosa, P. nigra and others, Pseudotsuga menziesii (46, 2860), Larix decidua (49, 273). DISEASE: Dothistroma blight; red band. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA including Alaska), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), Australasia and Oceania (New Zealand), Asia (Brunei, India, Japan), Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda), Europe (Austria, France, Rumania, UK, USSR (Republic of Georgia), Yugoslavia) (CMI Map 419, ed. 2, 1970; record in CMI Herbarium). TRANSMISSION: By airborne conidia released and dispersed by a splash take-off mechanism for short distances. Long distance dispersal may be by transport of infected material, such as nursery stock and, under special conditions, clouds may carry sporal inoculum (43, 2100). Survival time of inoculum in the form of cast, infected foliage on the forest floor is limited to 2-6 months under moist conditions (50, 2003).

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Euphorbia pulcherrima. DISEASE: Bacterial canker of poinsettia. The early symptoms are usually watersoaked streaks on green stems. These may extend into petioles and leaves giving spots, blotches or defoliation, and downwards into the woody stem where it produces yellowing of the cortex and browning of vascular tissue. Golden brown bacterial ooze may be seen on ruptured stems and on leaf lesions. The disease is systemic and cuttings from infected stock plants may develop poorly or not at all. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand (N. Island), USA (Florida, New Jersey, New York, MD, Pennsylvania; also Alabama (40: 310)); possibly UK (isolated in 1984, but still regarded as non-indigenous) (IMI Distribution Map 550, ed. 1, 1982). TRANSMISSION: This disease is spread in infected cuttings and probably by water splash as infection can be artificially induced by spray inoculation without wounding (41: 604).

Inonotus weirii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Infected Material ◽  
Root Contact

Abstract A description is provided for Inonotus weirii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Abies amabilis, A. grandis, A. lasiocarpa, Chamaecyparis spp., Larix occidentalis, Picea engelmannii, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta, P. monticola, P. ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla. DISEASE: Laminated butt rot and yellow ring rot of conifers. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Western Canada, Oregon, Washington); Japan. TRANSMISSION: The disease is spread by root contact with infected material in the soil; there appears to be little spread of the fungus by growth through the soil. It is likely that infection of freshly exposed wounds takes place through airborne basidiospores.

Delia coarctata. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
East Germany ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Delia coarctata (Fallén) [Diptera: Anthomyiidae] Wheat bulb fly. Attacks wheat, barley, oats, rye and various grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, East Germany, West Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Russian, SFSR, Bashkir, Irkutsk, Kostroma, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Ul'yanovsk, Yakutsk, Ukraine, AFRICA, Tunisia, ASIA, Iraq, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA.

Gibberella pulicaris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Storage Rots ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Gibberella Pulicaris ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella pulicaris. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cereals, flax, hops, lupin, strawberry, tomato, potato. DISEASE: This fungus has a threefold expression in terms of economic importance; canker and dieback, root rots, storage rots. As a canker form it can be a serious disease of hops (Burgess, 1964); as a root rot it attacks a wide variety of hosts especially cereals in Eastern Europe, but also flax (49, 1044), lupin (47, 2190), strawberry (43, 1091), tomato (46, 61c) and numerous other hosts; as a storage rot it is of considerable importance on potato. Although this fungus may be important as a root rotting organism or as a storage rot, the perithecia are usually found only in association with its third role, that of a canker forming or dieback organism of woody hosts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common in N. temperate and Mediterranean regions; Asia, Europe, N. Africa and N. America. In the southern hemisphere it probably represents an introduction. Dingley (36, 127) states the early records for NZ are misidentifications although it has since been recorded there on passion fruit (49, 2943). In Australia it can be a serious problem in stored potatoes. TRANSMISSION: By conidial splash or by ascospores; canker of hops becomes progressively more severe if infected material is allowed to remain in the hop garden.

Pseudomonas mors-prunorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas mors-prunorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus spp. especially plum and cherry. DISEASE: Bacterial canker, leaf spot and shoot wilt of stone wits. A definite seasonal cycle occurs in which a winter canker alternates with a summer leaf spot (Crosse, 1954). The symptoms are indistinguishable from those caused by P. syringae on stone fruits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly in Europe, where it has been reported from Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Rumania, U.S.S.R. (Ukraine), Yugoslavia and, recently, (46, 381) from Italy. Also in Australia (N.S.W.) and Canada (N.S.). (CMI Map 132, Ed. 2, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is probably introduced into new orchards most frequently on plant material, where infected spurs may show such slight symptoms as to pass unnoticed (Crosse, 1954). The pathogen is spread locally by wind and rain. In early summer young leaves can be invaded but stems become difficult or impossible to infect at this time. As the leaves mature they lose their susceptibility and large numbers of bacteria are found on their surfaces. These bacteria are carried by rain to infect the branches, which are again susceptible in the autumn, through wounds and incompletely healed leaf scars. This autumn infection leads to the canker phase that develops slowly through the winter and in the spring causes infection of the new leaves as they expand. In summer the bacteria in the cankers die out. The cankers are not, therefore, perennial, but are readily reinfected in the autumn.

Xanthomonas manihotis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Cassava Bacterial Blight ◽  
Progressive Die ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas manihotis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Manihot esculenta. DISEASE: Cassava bacterial blight. The symptoms are unusually diverse, and include spotting, blight and wilt of leaves, wilt and dieback of stems, necrosis of vascular tissue of stems and roots, and exudation of bacterial ooze. The disease may begin with water-soaked angular leaf spots that enlarge and coalesce, forming necrotic areas and eventually causing the leaf to dry and fall. In moist conditions ooze is formed on the lesions. Infection may travel back to the petioles and stems, young stems being particularly susceptible. A progressive die-back may follow. The roots usually remain healthy in appearance, but in some susceptible varieties dry, rotted spots may develop around necrosed vascular strands (Lozano, 1975). When infected material is planted the first symptoms are wilting and dieback of the young shoots soon after emergence. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, Cameroon, Zaire, Uganda, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan. CMI Map 521, ed. 1, 1977. TRANSMISSION: The disease is spread in the field mainly by rain-splash. Dissemination is, therefore, mainly downwind (53, 3724). Insects may also transmit the disease, as does Pseudotheraptus devastans in Zaire (Maraite & Meyer, 1975). The disease overwinters and travels from one area to another in infected planting material. Infested tools may also spread disease, especially as harvesting is accompanied by much cutting (Lozano, 1975).

scholarly journals Notes on the systematics of Cuscuta sect. Subulatae (subg. Grammica) with the description of Cuscuta mantiqueirana, a new species from Brazil

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Mihai Costea ◽  
Simone Soares da Silva ◽  
Rosangela Simao-Bianchini ◽  
Ana Rita G. Simoes ◽  
Sasa Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
A New Species

Cuscuta mantiqueirana Costea, S.S. Silva & Sim.-Bianch. a new species from montane cloud forests of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new species belongs to sect. Subulatae of subg. Grammica. The new species is related to C. odorata var. botryoides, C. rotundiflora and C. globiflora from which it differs in narrower calyx lobes and the presence of four stomatiferous lobes or projections at the distal part of the ovary. A detailed morphological comparison with C. odorata var. botryoides, morphologically the most similar taxon, is provided along with the geographical distribution, ecology and host range of the species. The morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the new species, as well as the diversity of stomatiferous projections, are discussed in the broader context of sect. Subulatae and subg. Grammica. Cuscuta boliviana var. paranensis is considered a synonym of C. odorata var. botryoides.

Cercospora pini-densiflorae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Distal Part

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora pini-densiflorae[Mycosphaerella gibsonii]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pines, including Pinus radiata, P. pinaster, P. canariensis, P. massoniana, P. densiflorae, P. thunbergii, P. luchuensis, P. strobus, P. caribaea. DISEASE: Cercospora pine blight. Causes yellowish-brown to grey lesions, appearing generally towards the distal part of the needles. These coalesce to give complete needle necrosis and cast in the course of time. Dark brown stromata, bearing dense conidiophores, are formed in stomatal cavities, from which conidia are dispersed. This is a disease of the later nursery stages and first few years in plantation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Rhodesia, Tanzania (45, 2615), Zambia); Asia (Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, West Malaysia). TRANSMISSION: Air-borne conidia dispersed by splash take-off mechanism.

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