Eremothecium ashbyi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Eremothecium Ashbyi ◽  
Boll Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Eremothecium ashbyi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Gossypium hirsutum and also on other species of Gossypium. DISEASE: Stigmatomycosis or cotton boll rot and staining of the lint. The lint becomes discoloured and the seed coat is stained brown in spots (30: 124). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Sudan, South Africa and U.S.A. (Tarr, 1955). TRANSMISSION: Mechanical transmission by hemipterous insects.

Alternaria gossypina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Boll Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria gossypina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gossypium spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot and cotton boll rot. This fungus can cause yellowing of leaves and defoliation as well as spoilage of cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: India, Iran, Pakistan. Australasia: Australia (Western Australia). Europe: Italy, Yugoslavia. North America: USA (Louisiana, South Carolina). South America: Trinidad. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia, usually favoured by warm and moist conditions.

Erwinia tracheiphila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Cucumber Beetles

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia tracheiphila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., and Citrullus spp. Elliott lists hosts in three other genera, all Cucurbitaceae. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of cucumber. The symptoms are similar to those of other wilts, leaves and later entire branches wilt and shrivel. Infected stems may exude sticky bacterial slime when cut, which helps to distinguish this disease from other wilts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Canada and U.S.A., also reported sporadically in South Africa, Congo, Japan, China, U.S.S.R., and several countries in Europe (CMI Map 456). TRANSMISSION: The usual vectors in North America are the cucumber beetles, Diabrotica spp., but other insects that cause wounds may also be able to transmit the disease, e.g. grasshoppers (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). It has not been conclusively shown that woodlice play an important role in transmission in the absence of Diabrotica spp., and statements to this effect seem to originate from the conjecture of Bewley in his Diseases of Glasshouse Plants (3: 94). Mechanical transmission on tools or hands of workers also occurs. Infection without wounding does not normally take place, but there is one report of infection along the margins of unwounded leaves that had been artificially water-congested (28: 26). Seed transmission does not occur.

Nematospora coryli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Dolichos Lablab ◽  
Boll Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Nematospora coryli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On seeds of Gossypium hirsutum. Also on Anacardium occidentale, Citrus spp., Coffea spp., Corylus avellana, Crotalaria juncea, C. striata, Cajanus cajan, Dolichos lablab, Phaseolus atropurpureus, P. acutifolius, P. lunatus, P. vulgaris, Tephrosia wegelii and Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] (5: 390; Leach, 1940; Pearson & Maxwell Darling, 1958). DISEASE: Yeast spot of bean and a large number of other seeds, Internal Boll Rot or Cotton staining or Stigmatomycosis. Cotton lint becomes dirty yellow and seeds are shrivelled. Spots mostly on the fruit and other fleshy parts or on the seed. On Lima bean cotyledons the lesions are a dark brown, sunken, wrinkled areas. After infection, beans cease developing and later become dwarfed or die. The earlier the attack, the more injury the bean sustains (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). Infection occurs only when the fruits are young and the atmosphere humid. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mostly in Africa and Asia but has been reported from U.S.A. and Europe (4: 90; 26: 93; CMI Map 163, ed. 3, 1959). TRANSMISSION: Mechanically transmitted from plant to plant by pentatomid bugs of the genera Antestiopsis, Nezara and Dysdercus nigrofasciatus. The yeast always enters through insect punctures (5: 390; 14: 507; 23: 207). Its dissemination is favoured by bright sunny days which facilitate the movement of the carrier from one plant to another (Chupp & Sherf, 1960).

Pleiochaeta setosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
America South

Abstract A description is provided for Pleiochaeta setosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Parasitic on Crotalaria, Cytisus, Lupinus, Ornithopus and Phaseolus. DISEASE: Causes leaf, stem and pod lesions on Cytisus and Lupinus spp. ; also recorded on Crotalaria and Phaseolus vulgaris. On pods and leaves the lesions are circular to very irregular, varying considerably in size, up to 1 cm or more diameter. They are characteristically zonate and result in dieback and wilt. The seeds are attacked and there is a brown discoloration of the seed coat. On branches and leading shoots the lesions are elongate-oval, up to 2 cm long, with sharply alternating light brown and black zones (13, 166; 16, 636; 17, 185, 686; 19, 99; 28, 457; 29, 29; 37, 724; 50, 1863). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe; also Africa (South Africa); Asia (Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia, Sri Lanka); Australia (NSW, Qd, W. Australia); America (south-east USA, Brazil) (CMI Map 243, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne (17, 824; 19, 99; 40, 111).

scholarly journals First Report of Premature Boll Rot Associated with Cotton in Louisiana

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-711
Author(s):  
K. S. McLean ◽  
G. W. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
First Report ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Boll Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Initial Survey

A premature boll rot has been observed with increasing frequency in association with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the Delta region of Louisiana-Mississippi. The initial developing cotton boll, sepals, and peduncle rapidly become necrotic and mummified. A dark brown to black lesion approximately 1 cm in length develops at the base of the peduncle, extending down the petiole below the diseased cotton boll. The diseased boll and peduncle remain attached to the petiole, hanging by a small portion of peduncle tissue. In an initial survey, the symptomatic boll rot was observed in 95% of the cotton fields in the Delta in 1996. A Phomopsis sp. was isolated from 58% of the diseased bolls, 42% of the cotton boll peduncles, and 52% of the leaf petioles collected from three cotton varieties. Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata were isolated from the diseased bolls with a frequency of 18 and 11%, respectively. Phomopsis sp. mycelium is dense, immersed, septate, and hyaline to pale brown in color. Stromata are pulvinate, less than 5 mm in diameter and form in a ring pattern. Pycinidia are erumpet, dark brown to black, separate or aggregated, and globose with ostiolate necks. Conidia are unicellular and hyaline, with alpha conidia oblong-elliptical and biguttulate while beta conidia are filiform and hamate in shape. The ratio of alpha to beta spores varies depending on the age of the culture. Pathogenicity tests with the sterile toothpick inoculation technique were conducted in a field planted with cotton cv. DPL 50. Developing cotton bolls approximately 5 to 8 mm in diameter were inoculated with either sterile toothpicks or toothpicks infested with a Phomopsis sp. Characteristic symptoms identical to the original boll rot were observed on 80% of the inoculated bolls 7 days after inoculation. A Phomopsis sp. was reisolated from the diseased bolls, completing Koch's postulates. No symptoms developed nor was the pathogen reisolated from the controls.

Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing round or sometimes irregular, pale brown or greyish-brown leaf spots 5-17 mm diameter. HOSTS: Leucospermum conocarpum, Protea. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa.

Entomophthora grylli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nomadacris Septemfasciata ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
East Central ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
The Dead ◽  
External Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Entomophthora grylli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Orthoptera; nymph and adults of grasshoppers and locusts; there have also been records on Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera (MacLeod & Muller-Kogler, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, including Britain; Canada; East, Central and South Africa. Fresenius quotes a record at 6000 ft near St. Moritz. DISEASE: The disease, causing epizootics in red locusts, Cyrtacanthacra septemfasciata (Nomadacris septemfasciata), in S. Africa is described by Skaife (1925). Infection is by germinating conidia which penetrate the integument. Dying insects characteristically climb up grass stems and die, apparently embracing the stem. The body becomes soft and easily disintegrates. The abdomen curls upward and backwards. Shortly after death a white, buff or greenish furry growth appears from the intersegmental membrane, leg joints, junction of the head and thorax and at the base of the antennae. The growth is made up of club-shaped conidiogenous cells which forcibly discharge conidia around the dead insect. Conidia, coated with the sticky contents of the conidiophore, are discharged in the evening, when the insects are clustered together and adhere to the surface of healthy individuals. A total of about 1% of locusts throughout the season die showing no external growth but are filled with resting spores; other individuals appear to be immune.

Gibberella xylarioides. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Gibberella xylarioides R. Heim & Saccas Ascomycota: Hypocreales Hosts: Coffee (Coffea spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe.

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