Emericella nidulans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Emericella Nidulans ◽  
Ear Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Emericella nidulans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: This fungus is common in soil and has been isolated from the rhizospheres of Cicer arietinum in India and Vicia faba in Egypt (42: 427 & Herb.IMI). It occurs on decaying vegetation and sometimes on fleshy fungi and rusts (Collybia velutipes, Polyporus sp., Puccinia versicolor) (Herb.IMI). It has also been reported causing disease in man and animals. DISEASES: Aspergillosis: A. nidulans has been reported as causing pulmonary and air sac infections or man and animals, particularly of birds (Ainsworth & Rewell, RMVM 1, 2090). Also recorded as causing maduromycosis (mycoses), ear infections, mycotic abortion, onychomycosis, dermatomycosis, mandibular periotitis, Austwick, 1965; pp. 98-99, and infection of the bone (see Redmond et al. ; RMVM 5, 1162). It has been reported to greatly increase the losses in seed germination and post-emergence of French bean seedlings caused by Macrophomina phaseoli[Macrophomina phaseolina] in inoculation experiments in sterile soil (40: 343). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, especially in warm dry soils. The diseases of man and animals, which are relatively rare, have only been recorded from isolated cases from Africa, N. & S. America and Europe.

Aspergillus terreus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Arable Soils

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus terreus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs commonly in soil, particularly in warm and comparatively dry arable land (Raper & Thom, 1965, p. 571). It has been recorded as the predominant fungus in the rhizosphere of pineapple and cotton (33: 436; 37: 662) as well as in Cicer arietinum, Trifolium sp., and Viciafaba (Herb. IMI). When added to sterilized soil containing Macrophomina phaseoli[Macrophomina phaseolina], the germination of French bean seed and the post emergence of seedlings were greatly reduced (40: 343). It causes a rot of apple and other fruit (43, 38, 2818) and has also been isolated from damaged cotton seed, palm oil and stored grain (30: 58; 40: 153). DISEASES: This fungus is of doubtful significance as a pathogen, but it has been recorded as producing aspergillosis, infection of skin and nails and, more recently, infection of ears, especially following operations (English et al. ; RMVM 4, 1225, 1226). It was isolated as the cause of mycotic abortion in cattle (Plum, 1932, Acta Patho !. Microbiol. Scand. 9: 150-157; Ainsworth & Austwick, 1955, Vet. Record 67: 88-97; Austwick, 1965, pp. 99-100) and asthma (Weiner; RMVM 4, 1094). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide in warm arable soils (Raper & Fennell, 1965). TRANSMISSION: From hay and straw (Austwick, in Raper & Fennell, 1965).

Heterobasidion annosum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract A description is provided for Heterobasidion annosum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On coniferous trees, particularly Picea, Larix, Thuja, Tsuga; also less commonly on numerous dicotyledonous hosts (Koenigs, 1960). DISEASE: Butt-rot. Causing decay to roots and heart wood of living trees. A tissue-paper-like layer of mycelial felt, forming between the bark and wood, is lilac, pink or purple at first, but later turns red, red-brown or purple-brown. White pockets are formed in the red region of the wood, sometimes preceded by black specks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide in temperate regions (CMI Map 271, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Disseminated by wind-blown spores produced at all times of the year. Viable spores have been found airborne 70 miles from the nearest source (47, 3604), and in surface soil after 8 months (46, 13g). Also found in seed germination tests of Abies by Batko (38: 711). Spores may be introduced on nursery seedlings into disease-free areas (41: 260).

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus Virus: Geminiviridae: Mastrevirus Hosts: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and faba bean (Vicia faba). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, AFRICA, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan.

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus. Geminiviridae: Mastrevirus. Hosts: chickpea (Cicer arietinum), faba bean (Vicia faba). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen), Africa (Burkina Faso, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia).

EFFECT OF SEED DIFFUSATES ON FUNGAL POPULATION AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS / EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS DE SEMILLAS SOBRE LA POBLACION DE HONGOS Y LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL / EFFET DES EXTRAITS DE SEMENCE SUR LA POPULATION DE CHAMPIGNONS ET SUR LA GERMINATION DES GRAINES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauf Bhutta ◽  
M.H. Rahber Bhatti ◽  
Ahmad Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Safe Control

SUMMARYAll four seed diffusates used for treatment of sunflower seeds, Azadirachtaindica, Capsicum annuum, Coriandrum sativum and Eugenia jambulana, reduced the populations of seed-borne fungi: Alternaria alternata, Drechslera tetramera, Emericellopsis terricola, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma oleracea. Of four seed diffusates, those from A.indica and C.sativum controlled the fungal populations almost 100%. Seed germination was increased in seed samples of both sunflower cultivars under study, HO-1 and NK-212. The obtained results indicate that seed diffusates could substitute costly chemicals for safe control of seed-borne diseases, protecting at the same time the environment from chemical pollution.

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

Eurotium rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Nails

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.

Cunninghamella echinulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Cunninghamella Echinulata

Abstract A description is provided for Cunninghamella echinulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On decaying flowers of Cucurbita pepo, dung and soil. DISEASE: Reported pathogenic to Spanish pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) at Chandigarh and neighbouring villages in the Punjab, India by Grover (1965). Symptoms recognizable when the flowers begin to die off gradually. Diseased flowers do not open properly. Infected flowers are covered with the cottony mycelium of the pathogen and infected fruits may become detached from the plant and continue to rot on the soil. Leaves and stalks are also frequently infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide (mostly tropical countries). TRANSMISSION: Air borne; may survive in fragments of mummified pumpkin fruit up to 32 months.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

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