scholarly journals Maternal intake of antioxidant vitamins in pregnancy in relation to maternal and fetal plasma levels at delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R. Scaife ◽  
Geraldine McNeill ◽  
Doris M. Campbell ◽  
Sheelagh Martindale ◽  
Graham Devereux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maternal intake of antioxidant vitamins is associated with maternal and cord plasma levels at delivery. Women were recruited in early pregnancy in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital and habitual diet during pregnancy was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire mailed at 34 weeks gestation. Blood samples were taken at recruitment (n1149) and maternal (n1149) and cord blood samples (n747) taken at delivery for analyses of vitamins A, C, E and β-carotene. Maternal plasma levels of vitamin E and β-carotene at delivery were significantly higher than levels in early pregnancy while levels of vitamins A and C were significantly lower. Positive correlations were observed for maternal levels of all the vitamins between early pregnancy and delivery. At delivery, maternal plasma concentrations of vitamins A, E and β-carotene were significantly higher than cord levels, while maternal levels of vitamin C were significantly lower. There were significant correlations between maternal and cord plasma concentrations for β-carotene and vitamin C but not for vitamins A or E. Maternal dietary intakes were positively correlated with maternal plasma levels of vitamins C, E and β-carotene in early pregnancy, with maternal plasma levels of β-carotene and vitamin C at delivery and with cord plasma levels of β-carotene and vitamin C. The results from the present study show that, in this population, maternal diet influences cord plasma levels of β-carotene and vitamin C, but not vitamins A and E.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding different vegetables on plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C. Effect of disruption of the vegetable matrix

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin H. van het Hof ◽  
Lilian B. M. Tijburg ◽  
K. Pietrzik ◽  
Jan A. Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Green Peas

Carotenoids, folate and vitamin C may contribute to the observed beneficial effects of increased vegetable intake. Currently, knowledge on the bioavailability of these compounds from vegetables is limited. We compared the efficacy of different vegetables, at the same level of intake (i.e. 300 g/d), in increasing plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C and we investigated if disruption of the vegetable matrix would enhance the bioavailability of these micronutrients. In an incomplete block design, sixty-nine volunteers consumed a control meal without vegetables and three out of four vegetable meals (i.e. broccoli, green peas, whole leaf spinach, chopped spinach; containing between 1·7 and 24·6 mg β-carotene, 3·8 and 26 mg lutein, 0·22 and 0·60 mg folate and 26 and 93 mg vitamin C) or a meal supplemented with synthetic β-carotene (33·3 mg). Meals were consumed for 4 d and fasting blood samples were taken at the end of each period. Consumption of the spinach-supplemented meal did not affect plasma levels of β-carotene, although the β-carotene content was 10-fold those of broccoli and green peas, which induced significant increases in plasma β-carotene levels (28 (95 % CI 6·4, 55) % and 26 (95 % CI 2·6, 54) % respectively). The β-carotene-supplemented meal increased plasma concentrations of β-carotene effectively (517 (95 % CI 409, 648) %). All vegetable meals increased the plasma concentrations of lutein and vitamin C significantly. Broccoli and green peas were, when expressed per mg carotenoid consumed, also more effective sources of lutein than spinach. A significant increase in plasma folate concentration was found only after consumption of the spinach-supplemented meal, which provided the highest level of folate. Disruption of the spinach matrix increased the plasma responses to both lutein (14 (95 % CI 3·7, 25) %) and folate (10 (95 % CI 2·2, 18) %), whereas it did not affect the response to β-carotene. We conclude that the bioavailabilities of β-carotene and lutein vary substantially among different vegetables and that the bioavailabilities of lutein and folate from spinach can be improved by disruption of the vegetable matrix.

scholarly journals Plasma Concentrations and Maternal-Umbilical Cord Plasma Ratios of the Six Most Prevalent Carotenoids across Five Groups of Birth Gestational Age

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Chelsey McConnell ◽  
Melissa Thoene ◽  
Matthew Van Ormer ◽  
Jeremy D. Furtado ◽  
Zeljka Korade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are antioxidant nutrients with the potential to provide protection against oxidative stress. Plasma carotenoid concentrations are lower in newborn infants compared to their mothers; however, limited information is available regarding how concentrations differ by gestational age. The objective of this research is to assess maternal and umbilical cord plasma carotenoid concentrations and maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratios across five groups of birth gestational age. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood. Plasma carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Birth gestational age was categorized into five groups, and the Kruskal–Wallis test compared carotenoid concentrations and maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratios between these groups. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 370 mother-infant dyads were included, with most infants delivered at early term (20.3%) or term (64.6%). Though maternal plasma concentrations increased with birth gestational age, we observed less variability in umbilical cord plasma concentrations, thus the maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratio also increased with birth CGA groups for lutein + zeaxanthin (p = 0.008), β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.027), α-carotene (p = 0.030); β-carotene approached significance (p = 0.056). Additional research is needed to determine if carotenoid concentrations were physiologic to varying gestational ages or if they were impacted by factors associated with preterm birth.

scholarly journals Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin C are better correlated with dietary intake in normal weight than overweight and obese elderly subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vioque ◽  
Tanja Weinbrenner ◽  
Laura Asensio ◽  
Adela Castelló ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, assessed by FFQ, have been positively associated with plasma concentrations in different populations. However, the influence of BMI on these associations has not been explored in detail. We explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between dietary carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, using a 135-item FFQ, with their plasma concentrations by BMI categories in 252 men and 293 women, 65 years and older. For men and women combined, significant (P < 0·05) Pearson correlations were observed between energy-adjusted dietary intakes and plasma concentrations (carotenoids adjusted for cholesterol) for: α-carotene 0·21, β-carotene 0·19, lycopene 0·18, β-cryptoxanthin 0·20 and vitamin C 0·36. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the intake of carotenoids and vitamin C were significant predictors of their respective plasma concentration (P < 0·01), and that BMI was inversely associated with plasma concentration of carotenoids (P ≤ 0·01) but not with plasma vitamin C. In addition, we observed significant interactions between BMI and the intakes of α-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin, and to a lower extent β-carotene, suggesting that these intakes in subjects with high BMI were not good predictors of their plasma concentration. The present data suggest that plasma carotenoids and vitamin C may be good markers of dietary intake in elderly subjects, but not so for α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin in obese subjects.

scholarly journals Maternal and neonatal plasma antioxidant levels in normal pregnancy, and the relationship with fatty acid unsaturation

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard S. Oostenbrug ◽  
Ronald P. Mensink ◽  
Monique D. M. Al ◽  
Adriana C. van Houwelingen ◽  
Gerard Hornstra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fatty Acid Unsaturation ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

During pregnancy, maternal plasma concentrations of the peroxidation-susceptible polyunsaturated fatty acids (polyenes) increase. In addition, the proportion of polyenes is higher in neonatal plasma than in maternal plasma. To study whether these increased amounts of polyenes affect antioxidant levels, we measured lipid-soluble antioxidants in maternal and neonatal plasmas obtained during thirty-five normal pregnancies. These values were then related to the degree of phospholipid-fatty acid unsaturation. Maternal plasma levels of tocopherols and lutein increased during pregnancy, as assessed at 14, 22, and 32 weeks of gestation. However, β-carotene levels decreased, and levels of other carotenoids remained unchanged. Retinol levels were only decreased at 32 weeks of gestation. The value for α-tocopherol: phospholipid-polyene unsaturation index (UI) also increased during pregnancy, despite the observed increase in UI. Corresponding ratios for several carotenoids and retinol, however, decreased during pregnancy. After delivery, maternal plasma levels of δ-tocopherol and β + γ-tocopherol, as well as β + γ-tocopherol: UI values, were lower than values at 32 weeks of gestation. Umbilical-cord plasma antioxidant levels and antioxidant: UI values, except retinol: UI, were significantly lower than maternal values. Significant and consistent cord ν. maternal correlations were observed for plasma levels of β + γ-tocopherol, lutein and β-carotene, but not for δ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, lycopene, α-carotene, and retinol. In conclusion, although during pregnancy maternal plasma tocopherol levels increased concurrently with, or more than, fatty acid unsaturation in plasma phospholipids, the decrease in carotenoid: UI values during gestation, the decrease in maternal plasma levels of δ-tocopherol and β + γ-tocopherol after delivery, and the low neonatal antioxidant levels merit further investigation.

scholarly journals Dietary and circulating vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of total cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1872-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Ali Rashidy-Pour ◽  
Mohammad Parohan ◽  
Mahdieh Sadat Zargar ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to quantify the association of dietary intake and circulating concentration of major dietary antioxidants with risk of total CVD mortality.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingSystematic search in PubMed and Scopus, up to October 2017.ParticipantsProspective observational studies reporting risk estimates of CVD mortality across three or more categories of dietary intakes and/or circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsA total of fifteen prospective cohort studies and three prospective evaluations within interventional studies (320 548 participants and 16 974 cases) were analysed. The relative risks of CVD mortality for the highest v. the lowest category of antioxidant intakes were as follows: vitamin C, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·89; I2=46 %, n 10); vitamin E, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·03; I2=51 %, n 8); β-carotene, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·05; I2=34 %, n 4). The relative risks for circulating concentrations were: vitamin C, 0·60 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·78; I2=65 %, n 6); α-tocopherol, 0·82 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·88; I2=0 %, n 5); β-carotene, 0·68 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·83; I2=50 %, n 6). Dose–response meta-analyses demonstrated that the circulating biomarkers of antioxidants were more strongly associated with risk of CVD mortality than dietary intakes.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis demonstrates that higher vitamin C intake and higher circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene are associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality.

Inhibin immunoneutralization by antibodies raised against synthetic peptide sequences of inhibin α subunit: effects on gonadotrophin concentrations and ovulation rate in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Wrathall ◽  
B. J. McLeod ◽  
R. G. Glencross ◽  
A. J. Beard ◽  
P. G. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to explore the effectiveness of synthetic peptide-based vaccines for active and passive autoimmunization of sheep against inhibin. In the first experiment, adult Romney ewes (n = 20) were actively immunized against a synthetically produced peptide that corresponded to the N-terminus of the α-subunit of bovine inhibin (bIα(1–29)-Tyr30). This peptide was conjugated to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) to increase its antigenic properties. Control groups comprised non-immunized (n = 10) and PPD-immunized (n = 10) ewes. Primary immunization (400 μg conjugate/ewe) was followed by two booster immunizations (200 μg conjugate/ewe), given 5 and 8 weeks later. Following synchronization of oestrus using progestagen sponges, ovulation rates were assessed by laparoscopy. Weekly blood samples were taken throughout the experiment. All inhibin-immunized ewes produced antibodies which bound 125I-labelled bovine inhibin (Mr 32 000), and ovulation rate in inhibin-immunized ewes (2·15 ± 0·22; mean ± s.e.m.) was significantly (P<0·01) greater than in both non-immunized (0·90 ± 0·23) and PPD-immunized (1·20 ± 0·13) control groups. Immunization against the peptide, but not against PPD alone, resulted in a modest rise in plasma FSH, with mean levels after the second boost being significantly (P<0·025) higher (22%) than those before immunization. Moreover, when blood samples were taken (2-h intervals) from randomly selected groups of control (n = 7) and inhibin-immunized (n = 7) ewes for an 84-h period following withdrawal of progestagen sponges, the mean plasma concentration of FSH during the 48 h immediately before the preovulatory LH surge was 37% greater (P< 0·025) in immunized than in control animals. However, more frequent blood sampling (every 15 min for 12 h) during follicular and mid-luteal phases of the oestrous cycle revealed no significant differences between treatment groups in mean plasma concentrations of FSH. In addition, neither mean concentrations of LH nor the frequency and amplitude of LH episodes differed between immunized and control ewes. However, the mean response of LH to a 2 μg bolus of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, given during the luteal phase, was significantly (P<0·05) less in immunized than in control ewes. These findings indicate that active immunization of Romney ewes against a synthetic fragment of inhibin can promote a controlled increase in ovulation rate, but this response cannot be unequivocally related to an increase in plasma levels of FSH. In the second experiment, passive immunization of seasonally anoestrous ewes (mule × Suffolk crossbred; n = 6 per group) against inhibin, using an antiserum raised in sheep against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the α-subunit of human inhibin promoted a rapid (<3 h), dose-dependent rise in plasma levels of FSH which remained increased (2·5-fold; P<0·001) for up to 30 h. Plasma concentrations of LH, however, were unaffected by treatment with the antiserum. It is deduced from this observation that, even in the seasonally anoestrous ewe, the ovary secretes physiologically active levels of inhibin, which exert an inhibitory action on the synthesis and secretion of FSH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 167–176

scholarly journals Formate concentrations in maternal plasma during pregnancy and in cord blood in a cohort of pregnant Canadian women: relations to genetic polymorphisms and plasma metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Brosnan ◽  
Lesley Plumptre ◽  
Margaret E Brosnan ◽  
Theerawat Pongnopparat ◽  
Shannon P Masih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Thymidylate Synthesis

ABSTRACT Background One-carbon metabolism, responsible for purine and thymidylate synthesis and transmethylation reactions, plays a critical role in embryonic and fetal development. Formate is a key player in one-carbon metabolism. In contrast to other one-carbon metabolites, it is not linked to tetrahydrofolate, is present in plasma at appreciable concentrations, and may therefore be distributed to different tissues. Objective The study was designed to determine the concentration of formate in cord blood in comparison with maternal blood taken earlier in pregnancy and at delivery and to relate formate concentrations to potential precursors and key fetal genotypes. Methods Formate and amino acids were measured in plasma during early pregnancy (12–16 wk), at delivery (37–42 wk), and in cord blood samples from 215 mothers, of a prospective cohort study. Three fetal genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism were assessed for their association with cord plasma concentrations of formate. Results The formate concentration was ∼60% higher in the cord blood samples than in mothers’ plasma. The maternal formate concentrations did not differ between the early pregnancy samples and those taken at delivery. Plasma concentrations of 4 formate precursors (serine, glycine, tryptophan, and methionine) were increased in cord blood compared with the maternal samples. Cord blood formate was influenced by fetal genotype, being ∼12% higher in infants harboring the MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) AC or CC genotypes and 10% lower in infants harboring the MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) GA or AA genotypes. Conclusions The increased formate concentrations in cord blood may support the increased activity of one-carbon metabolism in infants. As such, it would support increased rates of purine and thymidylate synthesis and the provision of methionine for methylation reactions.

scholarly journals The feeding route (enteral or parenteral) affects the plasma response of the dipetide Ala-Gln and the amino acids glutamine, citrulline and arginine, with the administration of Ala-Gln in preoperative patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdien C. Melis ◽  
Petra G. Boelens ◽  
Joost R. M. van der Sijp ◽  
Theodora Popovici ◽  
Jean-Pascal De Bandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Enteral Administration ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Arginine Concentration

Enhancement of depressed plasma concentrations of glutamine and arginine is associated with better clinical outcome. Supplementation of glutamine might be a way to provide the patient with glutamine, and also arginine, because glutamine provides the kidney with citrulline, from which the kidney produces arginine when plasma levels of arginine are low. The aim of the present study was to investigate the parenteral and enteral response of the administered dipeptide Ala-Gln, glutamine, citrulline and arginine. Therefore, seven patients received 20 g Ala-Gln, administered over 4 h, parenterally or enterally, on two separate occasions. Arterial blood samples were taken before and during the administration of Ala-Gln. ANOVA and a pairedttest were used to test differences (P<0·05). Ala-Gln was undetectable with enteral administration, whereas Ala-Gln remained stable at a plasma concentration of 268 μmol/l throughout parenteral infusion and rapidly decreased towards zero after infusion was stopped. The highest level of glutamine was observed with parenteral infusion of the dipeptide, although enteral infusion also significantly increased plasma levels of glutamine. The highest plasma response of citrulline was observed with the enteral administration of the dipeptide, although parenteral administration also increased plasma levels of citrulline. Plasma arginine increased significantly with parenteral infusion, but not with enteral administration of Ala-Gln. In conclusion, administrations of Ala-Gln, parenteral or enteral, resulted in an increased plasma glutamine response, as compared with baseline. Interestingly, in spite of the high availability of citrulline with enteral administration of the dipeptide, only parenteral infusion of Ala-Gln increased plasma arginine concentration.

N-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide, but not C-type natriuretic peptide, is greatly elevated in the fetal circulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. R. PRICKETT ◽  
Risto J. KAAJA ◽  
M. Gary NICHOLLS ◽  
Eric A. ESPINER ◽  
A. Mark RICHARDS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gestational Group

We have identified recently a new peptide, NT-proCNP(1–50) (N-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide), in the circulation of humans and sheep. A previous report of an elevated fetal–maternal gradient in immunoreactive CNP raised the possibility that processing and metabolism of proCNP may differ in maternal and fetal tissues. We therefore collected matching peripheral maternal and umbilical cord plasma samples at delivery from women with normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies to investigate the presence and concentrations of CNP and NT-proCNP using HPLC and RIA. Plasma concentrations of NT-proCNP in normotensive umbilical cord plasma were 10-fold higher than maternal venous levels (246±17 compared with 24.3±1.8 pmol/l; P<0.001) and much higher than corresponding levels of CNP (3.6±0.4 compared with 1.8±0.3 pmol/l in the fetal and maternal plasma respectively; P<0.001). Although there was no significant difference between normotensive and pre-eclamptic plasma CNP concentrations in either maternal or umbilical cord blood, NT-proCNP showed a significant statistical interaction (F=5.8, P=0.025) between the source (maternal or fetal) and gestational group (normotensive or pre-eclamptic). Maternal NT-proCNP levels were raised in the pre-eclampsia group, whereas the converse was observed in umbilical cord blood. In conclusion, the greatly elevated ratio of NT-proCNP/CNP in fetal compared with maternal plasma suggests that synthesis, as well as clearance, of CNP (but not NT-proCNP clearance) are markedly increased in fetal tissues.

Production of antioxidant vitamins, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, by two-step culture ofEuglena gracilis Z

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruko Takeyama ◽  
Akihisa Kanamaru ◽  
Yuko Yoshino ◽  
Hiroyuki Kakuta ◽  
Yoshiya Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Β Carotene
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