scholarly journals Duodenal flow and digestibility in fauna-free sheep and in sheep monofaunated with Entodinium caudatum or Polyplastron multivesiculatum

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
K.M. Koenig ◽  
D.P. Morgavi ◽  
L.M. Rode ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Equal Degree ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Protozoan Species

Three groups of five rumen and duodenum cannulated fauna-free sheep were used in a 28d experiment. One group remained fauna-free, whereas the second (EN) and third (PP) groups, respectively, were inoculated intraruminally with the protozoan species Entodinium caudatum and Polyplastron multivesiculatum. Rumen fluid, duodenal digesta and faecal samples were collected during the last 12d. The flow of digesta to the duodenum was determined using Yb and Co as dual-phase markers. 15Nitrogen and phosphatidylcholine were used as markers to calculate the duodenal flow of bacterial and protozoal N, respectively. Results showed an increase (P<0·1) in the rumen concentration of NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids, and a decrease (P<0·05) in the duodenal flow of non-NH3-N and bacterial N in sheep with EN and PP monofaunas, compared with fauna-free sheep. There were no differences (P>0·05) in these variables between the two monofauna groups. Protozoal N accounted for 8% of the duodenal non-NH3-N flow in the EN-monofaunated sheep, whereas no such flow was detected in the PP-monofaunated sheep. Apparent rumen digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were similar (P>0·05) in the monofaunated groups of sheep, but rumen acid detergent fibre digestibility was higher (P<0·05) in the monofaunated than in the fauna-free groups. Experimental results suggested that, unlike EN, the PP monofauna might not contribute to the duodenal flow of microbial protein, whereas both monofaunas showed a virtually equal degree of predation on rumen bacteria.

Isolation and identification of rumen bacteria capable of anaerobic rutin degradation

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. -J. Cheng ◽  
G. A. Jones ◽  
F. J. Simpson ◽  
M. P. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Rutin Degradation

Fifteen strains of bacteria capable of degrading rutin anaerobically were isolated from bovine rumen contents and identified by morphological and biochemical evidence as strains of Butyrivibrio sp. Three cultures from a laboratory collection of 53 strains of rumen bacteria also used rutin anaerobically. Two, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1 and Selenomonas ruminantium GA192, cleaved the glycosidic bond of rutin and fermented the sugar but did not degrade the insoluble aglycone produced; the third strain, Peptostreptococcus sp. B178, degraded the substrate to soluble products. Butyrivibrio sp. C3 degraded rutin, quercitrin, and naringin to water-soluble products, showing that the organism cleaved the heterocyclic ring of these compounds. Butyrivibrio sp. C3 fermented the sugar moiety of hesperidin but did not cleave the heterocyclic ring. It did not attack quercetin, taxifolin, protocatechuic acid, or phloroglucinol. In a medium containing rumen fluid, Butyrivibrio sp. C3 degraded rutin more than twice as fast as it did in a medium containing enzymatic casein hydrolyzate, volatile fatty acids, yeast extract, and hemin in place of rumen fluid.The observations reported in this paper are believed to represent the first recorded demonstration of degradation of the heterocyclic ring structure of rutin and other bioflavonoids in pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Hindratiningrum ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Setya Agus Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

The effect of lipid sources on intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Nellore steers supplemented with glycerol

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Samuel Gomez Insuasti ◽  
Yury Tatiana Granja Salcedo ◽  
Pablo de Souza Castagnino ◽  
Bruno Ramalho Vieira ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The effects of glycerol with fat sources as a feed alternative were investigated in the ration for Nellore steers (Bos indicus). Eight cannulated steers at 30 months of age with initial bodyweight of 554 ± 36.0 kg were used in a double 4 by 4 Latin square design with four consecutive 16-day periods. Treatments were three different diets with lipid sources (soybean, soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids) and one diet control without lipid sources. All diets formulated contained 10% crude glycerol and 5% ether extract with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65; corn silage was used as forage. The ruminal liquid was sampled for 24 h and ruminal fermentations were monitored by measuring pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogenand volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. Urine samples were obtained from the total collection for 24 h for estimation of rumen microbial protein supply using urinary purine derivatives. Our results showed that the use of lipid sources combined with glycerol did not induce significant changes in rumen pH, acetate molar proportion, ruminal microbial protein or dry matter intake. Although the acetate molar proportion was kept constant within normal parameters, the propionate molar proportion was increased by the diet containing lipid sources. Moreover, we found that there was a negative effect of lipid sources on crude protein and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein intake, and one positive effect on ether extract intake. We believe that association between fat and glycerol may affect rumen fermentation parameters through reducing fibre intake and increasing propionate production and ammonia nitrogen.

Effects of level of intake and urea supplementation of alkali-treated straw on protozoal and bacterial nitrogen synthesis in the rumen and partition of digestion in cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Punia ◽  
J Leibholz ◽  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
High Feed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microbial N

Six Friesian heifers (c. 300 kg) fitted with cannulas were given diets of wheat straw sprayed with NaOH (4.4 % wlw) and essential minerals either with or without urea (3% w/w). The total protozoal numbers in the rumen fluid were not significantly different between dietary trcatments (mean 6.2 X 104/ml). However, there were more holotrichs and medium-size entodiniomorph protozoa in the rumen fluid of the cattle given the HU and LU diets than the Hand L diets. Protozoal counts in the omasal fluid were 44% of those in rumen fluid. The apparent digestibilities of OM and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) in the stomach and in the total tract were lower with high than low feed intakes. The urea supplement enhanced the digestibilities of OM and NDF in the stomach and in the total tract. The total nitrogen (N) and non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing to the omasum and to the duodenum per unit of N intake were significantly greater with the low than the high feed intakes and with urea supplementation of the diets than without urea supplementation. The proportions of total microbial N and bacterial N in omasal NAN were higher with the supplement of urea than the unsupplemented straw. The bacterial N in the NAN flowing to the omasum was lower for the high than the low intakes. Concentrations of ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid were higher for the ureasupplemented straw than the unsupplemented straw. The high level of feed intake was associated with higher water volume and solid contents in the rumen.

In vitro digestibility of forages supplemented with cellulose (filter paper) and branched-chain fatty acids or amino acids

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
B. M. Pink
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Barley Silage

In vitro studies were conducted to determine dry matter (DM) digestibility of filter paper (FP), alfalfa hay (AA), corn silage (CS) and barley silage (BS) containing (as percent of DM) 0, 20 and 40% of FP and 0, 2 and 4% of either isoleucine (ILE) for CS, BS and FP, or its metabolite 2-methyl butyric acid (2MB) for AA. Digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF) of AA, CS and FP and of combinations of these forages with FP was determined. Digestibility of DM was determined after incubation with rumen fluid only or employing the two-stage Tilley and Terry technique. ADF digestibility was calculated after determining ADF in the original material and the residue after incubation for DM digestibility. Inclusion of FP increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of DM and ADF from 57.3 and 42.0 to 73.9 and 76.9% for AA and from 71.7 and 64.8 to 79.3 and 81.7% for CS, respectively. DM digestibility of BS increased (P < 0.05) from 65.7 to 74.6%. Addition of ILE to FP resulted in a quadratic (P < 0.05) increase in DM and ADF digestibility from 43.7 to 55.4 to 52.0% and from 47.4 to 55.1 and to 60.4%, respectively. Microbial protein produced after incubation with rumen fluid of all the forages and forage-FP combinations was determined using cytosine as a marker. Cytosine was determined in the incubated material and in the centrifugate. Increases in microbial protein production after addition of cellulose were noted for AA only. Key words: In vitro digestibility, forages, filter paper, isoleucine, 2-methyl butyric acid, cytosine, microbial protein

Hay intake, milk production and rumen fermentation in British Saanen goats given concentrates varying widely in protein concentration

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Badamana ◽  
J. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractAbout 8 weeks after parturition six multiparous British Saanen goats with permanent rumen fistulas were allocated to three dietary treatments in a random sequence for three successive 30-day periods. The treatments were perennial ryegrass hayad libitumwith 1000 glday of concentrates containing 112 (low-protein, LP), 182 (high-protein, HP) or 255 (very high protein, VHP) g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM) daily. The CP concentration was increased by substitution of soya-bean meal for cereals. From day 19 of each period, when measurements were made, concentrate allowance was reduced to 850 glday and hay intake was offered at proportionately 0·10 more than consumption in the previous 6 days. Hay intake and milk yield increased linearly with CP in the concentrates, but differences between HP and VHP were small and non-significant. Milk composition was unaffected by the treatments, so yields of milk solids followed the same trends as yields of milk, but these were only significant for solids-not-fat. The digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre, acid-detergent fibre and nitrogen (N) all increased with increasing CP, but significantly so only for N; the digestibility of DM and organic matter was unaffected.The digestibility of the hay incubated in the rumen was unaffected by the treatments. With increasing N intake, faecal, urine and milk N increased linearly as did apparently digested N but N retention did not follow a consistent pattern. Rumen volatile fatty acids and pH were unaffected but concentration of rumen ammonia and blood urea increased with increasing CP as did rumen fluid dilution rate. The results suggest that, with lactating goats given diets of moderate quality grass hay and concentrates containing soya-bean meal, responses to concentrations of CP greater than about 180 g/kg DM in the concentrates or 140 g CP per kg DM in the total diet are likely to be small.

Effect of feeding frequency on the diurnal changes in microbial protein, volatile fatty acids and ammonia contents of the rumen of sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Michałowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SUMMARYDiurnal variations in microbial protein nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and ammonia were examined in two wethers fed once and twice daily with 0·4 kg of concentrateand 0·4 kg hay/day. The total protein nitrogen varied during the day from 76·9 to 130·2 mg/100 ml of rumen fluid. The greatest amount of protein nitrogen was noted immediately before feeding and the smallest 4 h after feeding. The protein nitrogen of rumen protozoa formed about 39·8–53·4% of total protein nitrogen in rumen fluid. Volatile fatty acids varied from 74·0 to 130·5 m-mol/1 of rumen fluid and ammonia from 187·0 to 305·6 mg/1. The higher concentration of total and protozoal protein nitrogen and of VFA was observed when animals were fed twice daily. The changing of feeding frequency from once to twice daily caused an increase of ammonia concentration in the rumen of only one wether. The results obtained are discussed.

Prevalence and therapeutic management of indigestion in milchcows in and around Bhubaneswar of Odisha, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Biswal ◽  
G. S. Parida ◽  
A. K. Biswal ◽  
K. K. Sardar ◽  
P. C. Bisoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and therapeutic management of indigestion in milch cows in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Crossbred milch cows (n=257) with the history of anorexia presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar and in private herds in and around Bhubaneswar were examined for indigestion following standard procedures to identify the type of indigestion leading to decrease in milk yield. Clinical examination, determination of pH, study of rumen protozoa, rumen bacteria were carried out in three different types of indigestion. Amongst the affected animals, 48.33 % (n=58), 21.67 % (n=26) and 30.00 % (n=36) were detected to be affected with simple, acid and alkaline indigestion, respectively. Simple indigestion was higher (p < 0.05) as compared to acid and alkaline and alkaline indigestion (30 %) was found to be the next to simple indigestion. Ruminal movement varied from 1-4 per 5 min and pH of the rumen fluid ranged from 7.5-8.6 and the idophillic activity of the rumen protozoa was moderate type (+++). Average total count of protozoa was estimated to be 3.5 - 4.6 x 105 per ml with an average of 4.1 x 105 per ml of rumen liquor and drugs used in the study were found efficacious to treat the different types of indigestion.. Rumen bacteria have played role resulting in production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid thereby decreasing / disturbing the rumen pH to non-physiological levels, reducing efficiency of rumen microflora.

The composition of rumen fluid from cows fed biuret and urea

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waite ◽  
Agnes G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

SummaryThe effect on the chemical composition of rumen fluid of replacing oilcake nitrogen by either biuret or urea N in the concentrate part of the ration for cows has been investigated. The biuret treatment produced the highest concentrations of NPN and the lowest concentrations of ammonia N in the fluid, whereas the urea treatment gave rise to higher concentrations of NPN than did the oilcake treatment and the highest ammonia N concentrations of the 3 diets. It is unlikely, however, that the differences in either peak or mean ammonia concentrations between the biuret and urea diets, if they occurred in lactating cows receiving these diets, would be sufficient to affect milk production. The concentration of ammonia N in the rumen liquor of cows on the biuret diet increased progressively up to the 5th to 8th week of feeding this diet. The different dietary treatments did not result in any marked differences in the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluids or in the proportions of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in the total fatty acids.

Biological effect of tannins from different vegetal origin on microbial and fermentation traits in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rodríguez ◽  
G. de la Fuente ◽  
S. Gómez ◽  
M. Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Branched Chain

The biological effect of tannins (proportion of the response in different parameters when tannins were inactivated with polyethylene glycol, PEG) as an easy, rapid way to estimate the magnitude of their effect on rumen microbial fermentation, was estimated in vitro for the tropical browse legumes Albizia lebbekoides, Acacia cornigera and Leucaena leucocephala, which differ in their phenolic and tannin content. Samples were incubated in rumen fluid for 24 h in four runs. The inactivation by PEG of tannins from A. lebbekoides increased gas production from 1.62- to 2.83-fold, with this biological effect increasing up to 8 h incubation, then being maintained and increasing after 16 h. In A. cornigera and L. leucocephala, the magnitude of the improvement of gas production was lower (from 1.1- to 1.32-fold and from 1.29- to 1.56-fold) and constant. The inclusion of PEG increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration (P = 0.019), reduced the molar proportion of acetate (P < 0.001) and increased that of butyrate (P < 0.001) and branched-chain VFA (P < 0.001). Microbial protein mass in A. lebbekoides increased with PEG in a higher extent (P < 0.001) than in L. leucocephala, but it was reduced in A. cornigera. No biological effect was observed on the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis when it was related to VFA concentration (P > 0.10), but when related to the gas produced it was lowest with A. lebbekoides (P = 0.023). The biological effect of tannins, either in total extent or along the incubation period differed according to their origin. Irrespective of their amount or chemical nature, the biological effect gives a direct idea of how tannins affect both the extent and pattern of forages fermentation.

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