scholarly journals The hypotensive response to oral fat is comparable but slower compared with carbohydrate in healthy elderly subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Visvanathan ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Ian Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Hypotension ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Hypotensive Response ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

The objective of the present study was to determine the comparative hypotensive responses to drinks containing predominantly fat and carbohydrate (CHO) in healthy elderly subjects. Using a randomised, cross-over study, the participants, twelve elderly subjects, six of them female (72·2 (sd 5·7) years), were investigated. On three separate days, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured following ingestion of 300ml drinks containing: (1) CHO (75g glucose and 93g Polyjoule (CHO polymer) providing 2732kJ (653kcal)); (2) 88% fat (cream blended with milk providing 2732kJ (653kcal)); (3) water. Systolic BP decreased following the CHO drink (P<0·001) and the high-fat drink (P<0·001) but not water; there was no difference in the magnitude of the decrease between the CHO drink and the drink containing fat (13·4v. 15·6mmHg). However, the onset of the fall was slower after the fat-containing drink (13·0v. 26·5min (P=0·01); area under the curve for 0–30min for CHO drink −6·5v. fat-containing drink 125·4 mmHg×min (P=0·043)). We conclude that ingestion of a high-fat drink results in a comparable fall in BP to a CHO drink although the onset is relatively slower. These observations may have implications for the management of postprandial hypotension.

Campodimele Study: Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Pattern in Clinically Healthy Elderly Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cugini ◽  
G. Leone ◽  
P. Lucia ◽  
F. A. Sepe ◽  
A. Pelosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Heart Rate Pattern ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Effect of ‘Autonomic Blockade’ on Cardiac β-Adrenergic Chronotropic Responsiveness in Healthy Young, Healthy Elderly and Endurance-Trained Elderly Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ford ◽  
O. F. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Young Subjects

1. Cardiac chronotropic responses to isoprenaline are reduced with ageing in man. It is unclear whether this is due to reduced cardiac β-adrenergic sensitivity or to age-associated differences in reflex cardiovascular responses to the vasodilatory effects of isoprenaline. Age-associated changes in physical activity are also reported to influence β-adrenergic sensitivity. 2. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of alterations in reflex changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic influences and physical fitness to the age-associated reduction in cardiac chronotropic responses to β-adrenergic agonists. 3. The effect of ‘autonomic blockade’ with atropine (40 μg/kg intravenously) and clonidine (4 μg/kg intravenously) on blood pressure, heart rate and chronotropic responses to intravenous bolus isoprenaline doses was determined in eight healthy young (mean age 21 years), nine healthy elderly (72 years) and 10 endurance-trained elderly (69 years) subjects. 4. Elderly subjects had a reduced increase in heart rate after atropine (young, 49 ± 9 beats/min; elderly, 36 ± 5 beats/min; endurance-trained elderly, 34 ± 12 beats/min; P < 0.01) and did not demonstrate the transient increase in systolic blood pressure after clonidine observed in young subjects (young, 11 ± 10 mmHg; elderly, −12 ± 16 mmHg; endurance-trained elderly, −18 ± 11 mmHg; P < 0.01). 5. Cardiac chronotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline after ‘autonomic blockade’ increased in the young but decreased in the elderly subjects. The isoprenaline dose that increased heart rate by 25 beats/min before and after autonomic blockade' was: young, before 1.6 μg, after 2.8 μg, P < 0.01 (geometric mean, paired test); elderly, before 6.9 μg, after 3.6 μg, P < 0.05; endurance-trained elderly, before 5.9 μg, after 4.0 μg, P < 0.05. Cardiac chronotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline was significantly reduced in elderly compared with young subjects before (P < 0.01) but was similar after (P = 0.09) ‘autonomic blockade’. Chronotropic sensitivity did not differ between healthy and endurance-trained elderly subjects before or after ‘autonomic blockade’. 6. The age-associated reduction in cardiac chronotropic responses to bolus isoprenaline is primarily due to an age-related reduction in the influence of reflex cardiovascular responses on heart rate and not to an age-related reduction in cardiac β-adrenergic sensitivity. Endurance training is not associated with altered β-adrenergic chronotropic sensitivity in the elderly. The transient pressor response to intravenously administered clonidine may be lost in ageing man.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Parasympathetic Nerve Function Status in Healthy Elderly Subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
T Islam ◽  
N Begum ◽  
S Begum ◽  
S Ferdousi ◽  
T Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Background: Autonomic control on cardiovascular activity is modified with age. Impaired autonomic nerve functions are common features of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases particularly in old age. Objective: To observe the influence of aging process on parasympathetic nerve function. Study design: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of July 2005 to June 2006. For this purpose, 60 apparently healthy elderly subjects of both sexes were selected as study group and divided into two groups-one group consisted of 30 elderly subjects with age ranged from 51-60 years and another group consisted of 30 elderly subjects with age ranged from 61-70 years. Thirty sex and BMI matched healthy adults with age ranged from 21-30 years were studied as control. Methods: Parasympathetic nerve function status of all the subjects were assessed by three simple non-invasive cardiovascular reflex tests. These were heart rate response to valsalva maneuver, heart rate response to deep breathing and heart rate response to standing (30th:15th ). For statistical analysis one way ANOVA (Post Hoc Test) and the Pearson's correlation co-efficient tests were done. Results: Mean (± SD) of valsalva ratio were 1.50±0.23, 1.32±0.14 and 1.28±0.15; HR response to deep breathing test were 25.36±3.90, 18.82±3.35 and 15.96±3.54 beats/min; 30th:15th ratio in standing test were 1.100.06, 1.05±0.03 and 1.04±0.02 in 21- 30, 51-60 and 61-70 years age groups respectively. All the 3 parameters were significantly lower in both elderly groups compared to that of control adults (p < 0.001) Again, HR response to deep breathing was significantly lower in 61-70 years age group compared to that of 51-60 years age group. Valsalva ratio and 30th:15th ratio were also lower in 61-70 years age group than that of 51-60 years group but the differences were not statistically significant. All the 3 parameters were negatively correlated with age which were statistically significant. Conclusion: From this study it may concluded that aging process substantially impaired cardiovascular parasympathetic nerve functions. Key words: Cardiovascular reflex test, elderly person.       doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1790 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):23-28.

Effects of Meal Composition on the Postprandial Blood Pressure, Catecholamine and Insulin Changes in Elderly Subjects

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Potter ◽  
D. Heseltine ◽  
G. Hartley ◽  
J. Matthews ◽  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate

1. The effects of four meals of similar energy, but different nutritional, composition on postprandial blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function, catecholamines, insulin and packed cell volume levels were studied in seven fit elderly subjects. 2. The high carbohydrate and high protein meals led to a significant overall fall in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared either with no change or a rise after the normal (i.e. mixed) and high fat meals. Similar between-meal differences were seen with erect diastolic but not erect systolic blood pressure. No significant postural blood pressure fall occurred after any of the meals. Supine heart rate was unaffected by meal type or by time, and although erect heart rate showed a small increase during the study there was no between-meal difference. 3. Parasympathetic function was unaffected by meal type. Plasma noradrenaline rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals only, remaining elevated for 120 min after meal consumption. This increase was not related to the changes in blood pressure or plasma insulin levels. 4. Plasma insulin and glucose rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals, but were unchanged after the high protein and high fat meals. Packed cell volume showed a small decrease towards the end of the study, although there was no between-meal variation. 5. The differences in the cardiovascular changes after the different meals could not be ascribed to alterations in autonomic function, insulin release or fall in plasma volume. We propose that the postprandial changes in blood pressure are due to the nutrient composition of the meal rather than the actual energy load.

Effect of Age on Vascular α-Adrenoceptor Responsiveness in Man

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 305s-308s ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Elliott ◽  
David J. Sumner ◽  
Kathleen McLean ◽  
Peter C. Rubin ◽  
John L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

1. The responsiveness of α-receptors was compared in six young and six healthy elderly subjects by evaluating the haemodynamic effects of the a, antagonist prazosin and the pressor responses to the a, agonist phenylephrine. 2. Oral prazosin (1 mg) lowered erect (but not supine) blood pressure in both groups by a comparable amount: in young and old groups the respective maximal falls in systolic pressure were 19.5 ± 15.7 and 29.3 ± 11.4 mmHg (mean ± sd) and for diastolic pressure the maximal falls were 13 ± 13.3 and 18 ± 11.1 mmHg. 3. This similar fall in blood pressure occurred in association with a significantly different heart rate response: in the young group mean heart rate increased to 103 beats/min but there was no corresponding increase in the elderly group, which had a mean heart rate of 80 beats/min. 4. Log dose-response curves were derived from incremental intravenous infusions of phenylephrine, and the doses required to raise mean arterial pressure by 20 mmHg (PD20) were compared: the mean PD20 was significantly different in the two groups: 2.5 ± 1.6 in the young compared with 4.6 ± 2.3 μg min−1 kg−1 in the elderly, consistent with reduced pressor responsiveness in the elderly. 5. No significant difference in PD20 was apparent when pressor responsiveness was determined after prazosin, but the elderly required a significantly smaller increase in phenylephrine dosage to overcome prazosin's α-receptor-blocking effects. 6. Although there is no evidence of an age-related increase in the sensitivity of α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction, the results are not inconsistent with an age-related reduction in α-adrenoceptor responsiveness.

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