scholarly journals Processing of complementary food does not increase hair zinc levels and growth of infants in Kilosa district, rural Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl K. Lachat ◽  
John H. Van Camp ◽  
Peter S. Mamiro ◽  
Francis Obuoro Wayua ◽  
Anne S. Opsomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Food ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
And Child Health

A community-based, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted from March 2001 to March 2002 in Kilosa, a rural district of Morogoro Region in Tanzania. One hundred and fifty-eight infants were selected randomly from lists of local Maternal and Child Health Care Centres and received either processed complementary food (PCF) or unprocessed complementary food (UPCF) from age 6 to 12 months. Processing increased Zn solubility and energy density of the porridge prepared from the complementary food (CF) as determined in vitro. Phytate:Zn molar ratio of the PCF and UPCF was 25·8 and 47·5, respectively. Under the study conditions, the processing of CF did not improve Zn status as measured by hair analysis. No significant correlations were found between hair Zn values and anthropometric measurements. Our findings suggest that processing alone of cereal-based CF may be insufficient to ensure an adequate supply of Zn to improve growth and Zn status of infants. Dietary modification to tackle Zn deficiencies in similar target groups may therefore only be successful when other Zn-rich foods such as meat and fish are included.

Effects of the Tibetan herbal preparation PADMA 28 on blood lipids and lipid oxidisability in subjects with mild hypercholesterolaemia

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunner-La Rocca ◽  
Schindler ◽  
Schlumpf ◽  
Saller ◽  
Suter
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intraarterial Infusion ◽  
Padma 28

Background: Previous studies showed an anti-atherosclerotic effect of PADMA 28, an herbal formula based on Tibetan medicine. As the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, we investigated whether PADMA 28 may lower blood lipids and lipid oxidisability, and affect early endothelial dysfunction. Patients and methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with total cholesterol ≥5.2 mmol/l and < 8.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to placebo or PADMA 28, 3 x 2 capsules daily, for 4 weeks (double-blind). Blood lipids (total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo-lipoprotein A1 and B) and ex vivo lipid oxidisability were measured before and after treatment. In a subset of 24 subjects, endothelial function was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography with intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine. Isolated LDL and plasma both untreated and pre-treated with PADMA 28 extract were oxidised by the radical generator AAPH. Conjugated diene formation was measured at 245 nm. Results: Blood lipids did not change during the study in both groups. In contrast to previous reports in mild hypercholesterolaemia, no endothelial dysfunction was seen and, consequently, was not influenced by therapy. Ex vivo blood lipid oxidisability was significantly reduced with PADMA 28 (area under curve: 5.29 ± 1.62 to 4.99 ± 1.46, p = 0.01), and remained unchanged in the placebo group (5.33 ± 1.88 to 5.18 ± 1.78, p > 0.1). This effect persisted one week after cessation of medication. In vitro experiments confirmed the prevention of lipid peroxidation in the presence of PADMA 28 extracts. Persistent protection was also seen for LDL isolated from PADMA 28-pretreated blood after being subjected to rigorous purification. Conclusions: This study suggests that the inhibition of blood lipid oxidisability by PADMA 28 may play a role in its anti-atherosclerotic effect.

The d-Enantiomer Form of Indobufen Totally Accounts for the Anti-Cyclooxygenase and Antiplatelet Activity Ex Vivo and for the Increase in Bleeding Time by Indobufen in Man

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (02) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele De Caterina ◽  
Rosa Sicari ◽  
An Yan ◽  
Walter Bernini ◽  
Daniela Giannessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Antiplatelet Drug ◽  
Double Blind

SummaryIndobufen is an antiplatelet drug able to inhibit thromboxane production and cyclooxygenase-dependent platelet aggregation by a reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Indobufen exists in two enantiomeric forms, of which only d-indobufen is active in vitro in inhibiting cyclooxygenase. In order to verify that also inhibition of platelet function is totally accounted for by d-indobufen, ten patients with proven coronary artery disease (8 male, 2 female, age, mean ± S.D., 58.7 ± 7.5 years) were given, in random sequence, both 100 mg d-indobufen and 200 mg dl-indobufen as single administrations in a double-blind crossover design study with a washout period between treatments of 72 h. In all patients thromboxane (TX) B2 generation after spontaneous clotting (at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h), drug plasma levels (at the same times), platelet aggregation in response to ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, collagen, PAF, and bleeding time (at 0, 2, 12 h) were evaluated after each treatment. Both treatments determined peak inhibition of TXB2 production at 2 h from administration, with no statistical difference between the two treatments (97 ±3% for both treatments). At 12 h inhibition was 87 ± 6% for d-indobufen and 88 ± 6% for dl-indobufen (p = NS). Inhibition of TXB2 production correlated significantly with plasma levels of the drugs. Maximum inhibitory effect on aggregation was seen in response to collagen 1.5 pg/ml (63 ± 44% for d-indobufen and 81 ± 22% for dl-indobufen) and arachidonic acid 0.5-2 mM (78 ± 34% for d-indobufen and 88 ± 24% for dl-indobufen) at 2 h after each administration. An effect of both treatments on platelet aggregation after 12 h was present only for adrenaline 2 μM (55 ± 41% for d-indobufen and 37 ± 54% for dl-indobufen), collagen 1.5 pg/ml (69 ± 30% for d-indobufen and 51 ± 61% for dl-indobufen), arachidonic acid 0.5-2 mM (56 ± 48% for d-indobufen and 35 ± 49% for dl-indobufen). The extent of inhibition of TX production and the extent of residual platelet aggregation were never significantly different between treatments. Bleeding time prolongation was similar in the two treatment groups without showing a pronounced and long lasting effect (from 7.0 ± 2.0 min to 10.0 ± 3.0 min at 2 h and 8.0 ± 2.0 min at 12 h for d-indobufen; from 6.0 ±1.0 min to 8.5 ± 2.0 min at 2 h and 8.0 ± 1.0 min at 12 h for dl-indobufen). These results demonstrate that the biological activity of dl-indobufen as an antiplatelet agent in vivo is totally accounted for by d-indobufen.

The Effect of Warfarin Sodium on the Duration of Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 766-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J Knieriem ◽  
A. B Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warfarin Sodium

SummaryThe effect of the administration of warfarin sodium (Coumadin®) on the duration of platelet aggregation in vitro was studied. Coumadin was given for 4 consecutive days to 10 healthy adults who were followed over a period of 9 days. The duration of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma, the prothrombin time, and the platelet count of platelet-rich plasma were measured. Four other healthy adults received placebos and participated in a double-blind study with those receiving Coumadin.Although administration of Coumadin caused a prolongation of the prothrombin time to 2 or 21/2 times the normal value, a decrease in the duration of platelet aggregation was not observed. In most individuals who received Coumadin an increase in the duration of platelet aggregation occurred. The effect of Coumadin on platelet aggregation was not consistently related to the prothrombin time or to the platelet count. In the placebo group there was a distinct relation between the duration of platelet aggregation and the platelet count in platelet-rich plasma.The mean increase in the duration of platelet aggregation when compared to the control value before medication with Coumadin was 37.7%. In the placebo group there was a mean increase of 8.4%. The difference between the two groups is significant (p <0.001). Increased duration of platelet aggregation also occurred in two individuals who received Coumadin over a period of 10 and 16 days respectively.

Effects of Ticlopidine of Platelet Function in Men with Stable Angina Pectoris

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 808-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Berglund ◽  
Henning von Schenck ◽  
Lars Wallentin
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Platelet Factor

SummaryThe effects of ticlopidine (T) (500 mg daily) on platelet function were investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 38 middle-aged men with stable incapacitating angina pectoris. The in vitro platelet reactivity to aggregating agents, the platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and the plasma levels of platelet specific proteins and fibrinogen were determined before and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. T exerted a potent inhibitory effect on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The effect of T was proportional to the pretreatment reactivity to ADP and collagen. The inhibitory effect of T on the epinephrine response was less pronounced. The plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and fibrinogen were not influenced by T. The platelet inhibition of prostacyclin was potentiated by T, and it was demonstrated that T and prostacyclin had synergistic inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation.

Inhibition of Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation by Sulfinpyrazone

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Nenci ◽  
G Agnelli ◽  
M Berrettini ◽  
P Parise ◽  
E Ballatori
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blind Crossover Study ◽  
Double Blind Crossover Study

SummaryIn a randomized double-blind crossover study in 16 patients with enhanced in vitro spontaneous platelet aggregation, sulfinpyrazone proved to be effective in normalizing platelet aggregability within 4 days after initiation of therapy.

Maternal and child health nurses’ experiences of implementing two community-based breastfeeding interventions in Victoria, Australia: A mixed methods process evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhian L Cramer ◽  
Helen L McLachlan ◽  
Touran Shafiei ◽  
Lisa H Amir ◽  
Meabh Cullinane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
And Child Health

Despite high rates of breastfeeding initiation in Australia, there is a significant drop in breastfeeding rates in the early postpartum period, and Australian government breastfeeding targets are not being met. The Supporting breastfeeding In Local Communities (SILC) trial was a three-arm cluster randomised trial implemented in 10 Victorian local government areas (LGAs). It aimed to determine whether early home-based breastfeeding support by a maternal and child health nurse (MCH nurse) with or without access to a community-based breastfeeding drop-in centre increased the proportion of infants receiving ‘any’ breast milk at four months. Focus groups, a written questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore the interventions from the perspective of the SILC-MCH nurses (n=13) and coordinators (n=6), who established and implemented the interventions. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes, then findings further examined using Diffusion of Innovations Theory as a framework. SILC-MCH nurses and coordinators reported high levels of satisfaction, valuing the opportunity to improve breastfeeding in our community; and having focused breastfeeding time with women in their own homes. They felt the SILC interventions offered benefits to women, nurses and the MCH service. Implementing new interventions into existing, complex community health services presented unforeseen challenges, which were different in each LGA and were in part due to the complexity of the individual LGAs and not the interventions themselves. These findings will help inform the planning and development of future programs aimed at improving breastfeeding and other interventions in MCH.

Influence of β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution of Isradipine

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3752-3757
Author(s):  
Narendar D ◽  
Ettireddy S
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complexation

The content of this investigation was to study the influence of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation on enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine. Based on preliminary phase solubility studies, solid complexes prepared by freeze drying method in 1:1 molar ratio were selected and characterized by DSC for confirmation of complex formation. Prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for drug content, solubility and in vitro dissolution. The physical stability of optimized formulation was studied at refrigerated and room temperature for 2 months. Solid state characterization of optimized complex performed by DSC and XRD studies.  Dissolution rate of isradipine was increased compared with pure drug and more with HP-β-CD inclusion complex than β-CD. DSC and XRD analyzes that drug was in amorphous form, when the drug was incorporated as isradipine β-CD and HP-β-CD inclusion complex. Stability studies resulted in low or no variations in the percentage of complexation efficiency suggesting good stability of molecular complexes. The results conclusively demonstrated that the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine by drug-cyclodextrin complexation was achieved.   

Complexation with Hydroxypropyl-gama-Cyclodextrin of Birch Tree Extract Physico-chemical Characterisation of their Binary Products

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Codruta Soica ◽  
Cristina A. Dehelean ◽  
Valentin Ordodi ◽  
Diana Antal ◽  
Vicentiu Vlaia
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
Physico Chemical

Birch bark contains important pentacyclic triterpens that determine an anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity. The compounds can be extracted by simple procedures with organic solvents. The major problem of this type of triterpens is their low water solubility which can be increased by physical procedures like cyclodextrin complexation. The aim of present study was to analyse the products between birch bark extract and hydroxypropyl-g -cyclodextrin. Hydroxypropyl-g -cyclodextrin (HPGCD) was used as a host to improve its solubility in water, via inclusion complex formation. In order to obtain the inclusion complexes, 1:2 molar ratio and two preparation methods (physical mixing, kneading) were used. The inclusion complexes were analyzed by in vitro dissolution tests, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction.

Apoprotein C effect on triglyceride transport in tandem-perfused rat hind end and liver

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. G305-G310
Author(s):  
W. J. Kortz ◽  
J. R. Nashold ◽  
M. R. Greenfield ◽  
H. Hilderman ◽  
S. H. Quarfordt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
High Concentrations

The metabolism of double-labeled triglyceride in a synthetic emulsion was defined in an in vitro perfusion system of rat hind end and liver described previously [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 8): G106-G112, 1983]. The metabolism of [3H]glycerol-[14C]triolein was defined in the absence of added apoproteins and with additions of human CII and both CII and CIII. Without apoprotein, a pronounced lipolysis of the triglyceride was recognized by high concentrations of radiolabeled glycerol and free fatty acid in the perfusate. The removal of an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent 5 min after adding the labeled triglyceride emulsion to the arterial inflow demonstrated a brisk lipolysis of the substrate when incubated outside the perfusion system. The addition of CII protein to the emulsion before its introduction into the tandem system eliminated perfusate lipolysis, both within the perfusion system and in incubations of aliquots withdrawn from the system. Intravascular lipolysis was not seen with triglyceride emulsions containing both CII and CIH or when an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent was incubated with triglycerides that had not been exposed to the perfusion system. The intravascular lipolysis observed for the [14C]triglyceride added to the tandem system without apoproteins was associated with relatively greater recoveries of 14C-fatty acyl in liver, fat, and muscle and relatively greater recoveries of 14CO2 than when CII alone or both CII and CIII were added with the triglyceride. The addition of CIII to CII in a 1:1 molar ratio increased the recovery of 14C-fatty acyl in muscle and the recovery as 14CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Ultra-strong bio-glue from genetically engineered polypeptides

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yang Feng ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Supramolecular Interactions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractThe development of biomedical glues is an important, yet challenging task as seemingly mutually exclusive properties need to be combined in one material, i.e. strong adhesion and adaption to remodeling processes in healing tissue. Here, we report a biocompatible and biodegradable protein-based adhesive with high adhesion strengths. The maximum strength reaches 16.5 ± 2.2 MPa on hard substrates, which is comparable to that of commercial cyanoacrylate superglue and higher than other protein-based adhesives by at least one order of magnitude. Moreover, the strong adhesion on soft tissues qualifies the adhesive as biomedical glue outperforming some commercial products. Robust mechanical properties are realized without covalent bond formation during the adhesion process. A complex consisting of cationic supercharged polypeptides and anionic aromatic surfactants with lysine to surfactant molar ratio of 1:0.9 is driven by multiple supramolecular interactions enabling such strong adhesion. We demonstrate the glue’s robust performance in vitro and in vivo for cosmetic and hemostasis applications and accelerated wound healing by comparison to surgical wound closures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document