scholarly journals Impact of inulin and oligofructose on gastrointestinal peptides

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (S1) ◽  
pp. S157-S161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie M. Delzenne ◽  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Catherine Daubioul ◽  
Audrey M. Neyrinck
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Peptides

In the present paper, we summarise the data supporting the following hypothesis: dietary inulin-type fructans extracted from chicory root may modulate the production of peptides, such as incretins, by endocrine cells present in the intestinal mucosa, this phenomenon being involved in the regulation of food intake and/or systemic effects. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats received for 3 weeks either a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with 10% inulin-type fructans with different degrees of polymerisation. All the effects were most pronounced with the diet containing oligofructose, and consisted of (i) a decrease in mean daily energy intake and in epididymal fat mass; (ii) a higher caecal pool of the anorexigenic glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY), due to caecal tissue proliferation; (iii) an increase in GLP-1 and of its precursor – proglucagon mRNA – concentrations in the proximal colon; (iv) an increase in portal serum level of GLP-1 and PYY; (v) a decrease in serum orexigenic peptide ghrelin. Moreover, oligofructose supplementation improved glucose homeostasis (i.e. decreased glycaemia, increased pancreatic and serum insulin content) in diabetic rats previously treated with streptozotocin, a phenomenon that is partly linked to the reduction in food intake and that correlates with the increase in colic and portal GLP-1 content. Based on these results it appears justified to test, in human subjects, the hypothesis that dietary inulin-type fructans could play a role in the management of obesity and diabetes through their capacity to promote secretion of endogenous gastrointestinal peptides involved in appetite regulation.

Dietary Choline Deprivation Exacerbates Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Adult Rats

Diabetology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Humadi ◽  
Athina Strilakou ◽  
Hussam Al-Humadi ◽  
Rafal Al-Saigh ◽  
Emmanouel Agapitos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Choline (Ch) is an essential molecule of substantial importance for the optimal development and function of several biological systems. Ch deprivation has been linked with abnormal fat metabolism, insulin resistance, and myocardial dysfunction. The current study provides evidence of an exacerbation of streptozotocin-induced cardiomyopathy in adult diabetic Wistar rats by dietary Ch deprivation through the administration of a Ch-deprived diet (CDD). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups: control, diabetic (DM), choline-deprived through choline-deprived diet (CD), and diabetic choline-deprived (DM + CD). After five weeks of dietary intervention, myocardium echocardiographic and histological assessments were performed. Choline-deprived diabetic rats exhibited significantly slower heart rate, significantly higher myocardial ejection velocity and left ventricle wall tension index with a concomitant significant decreased LV posterior wall thickness as compared to diabetic rats fed on a standard diet. Moreover, histopathological evidence demonstrated an exacerbation of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis associated with significant up-regulation of VEGF expression in the diabetic rat myocardium as a result of Ch deprivation. The study’s findings are of particular significance since the examined experimental approach introduces a previously uncharacterised comorbidity simulation with regards to myocardial structure and functional profiling.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BANANA PEEL FLOUR ON HISTOLOGICAL AND LIVER FUNCTION IN DIABETIC RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 529-538
Author(s):  
Herlin Ajeng Nurrahma ◽  
Andreanyta Meliala ◽  
Paramita Narwidina ◽  
Sri Herwiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to hyperglycemia metabolism. This study aimed to find out how a banana peel supplemented diet affected histological and liver function changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and tryptophan are all contained in banana peel flour (BPF). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to depression and anxiety. This post-test-only control group study was conducted on twenty-five male Wistar rats which were separated into five groups with different treatments. Groups II to V were diabetic rats model groups that consumed standard diet mixed with BPF 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, while group I was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Hepatic enzyme transaminase (Alanine Aminotransferase-ALT and Aspartate Aminotransferase - AST) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining were analyzed with the NAFLD score to examine the liver function and hepatocellular morphology. A change in liver function was observed, as well as a substantial change in the levels of ALT and AST. The NAFLD score with HE staining showed substantial improvements in liver morphology, which was better seen at a 20% BPF dose. The current study supported the hypothesis that BPF had a hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats, which may be due to the mechanism of controlling the hepatic enzyme transaminase and inducing liver regeneration.

scholarly journals Intranasal Leptin Reduces Appetite and Induces Weight Loss in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO)

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Schulz ◽  
Kerstin Paulus ◽  
Olaf Jöhren ◽  
Hendrik Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Altered Expression Pattern ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Resistance to brain-mediated effects of leptin is a characteristic feature of obesity, resulting from alterations in leptin receptor signaling in hypothalamic neurons and/or transport across the blood-brain-barrier. We have shown previously, that the latter can be circumvented by intranasal (i.n.) application of leptin in lean rats. This prompted us to test i.n. leptin in animals with diet-induced obesity (DIO) as a basis for future human administration. DIO was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding a cafeteria diet for 25 or 32 wk, respectively. Consecutively, these DIO animals (seven to eight per treatment) and standard diet rats (lean) (14–15 per treatment, matched for age and diet duration) were treated with 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg leptin, or control solution i.n. daily for 4 wk before onset of dark period. Energy intake and body weight were measured daily; blood glucose, serum insulin, and leptin were measured before and after treatment. Expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. We demonstrate, for the first time, that i.n. leptin reduces appetite and induces weight loss in DIO to the same extent as in lean rats. Our findings are supported accordingly by an altered expression pattern of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides in the hypothalamus, e.g. proopiomelanocortin, cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein. It now appears clear that i.n. leptin is effectively acting in obese animals in the same fashion as in their lean counterparts. These findings now clearly warrant studies in humans and may open new perspectives in the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Inulin-type fructans modulate gastrointestinal peptides involved in appetite regulation (glucagon-like peptide-1 and ghrelin) in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Cédric Dewever ◽  
Nathalie M. Delzenne
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Peptides ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The hypothesis tested in the present study is that dietary fructans are able to modulate gastrointestinal peptides involved in the control of food intake, namely glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 (7-36) amide and ghrelin. After 3 weeks of treatment with a standard diet (control) or the same diet enriched with 100 g fructans varying in their degrees of polymerization (oligofructose (OFS), Synergy 1 (Syn) or long chain inulin)/kg, male Wistar rats were deprived of food for 8 h before sample collection. Dietary energy intake throughout the experiment was significantly lower (P>0·05) in fructans-fed rats than in control rats, leading to a significant decrease (P>0·01) in epidydimal fat mass at the end of the treatment in OFS- and Syn-treated rats. GLP-1 (7-36) amide concentration in portal vein serum was higher in OFS- and Syn-fed than in control rats. Both GLP-1 (7-36) amide concentration and proglucagon mRNA concentrations were significantly greater (P>0·05) in the proximal colonic mucosa of fructans-fed ratsv.controls. Normally active ghrelin concentration in plasma increases during food deprivation and rapidly falls during a meal. In the present study, after 8 h of food deprivation, active ghrelin in the plasma remained significantly lower (P>0·05) in OFS and Syn-fed than in control rats. These results are in accordance with the modifications of dietary intake and fat-mass development in short-chain fructans-treated rats and demonstrate the potential modulation of GLP-1 (7-36) amide and ghrelin by fermentable fibres such as fructans, which are rapidly and extensively fermented in the proximal part of the colon.

scholarly journals Can troxerutin pretreatment prevent testicular complications in prepubertal diabetic male rats?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Ghadiri ◽  
Fariba Mirzaei Bavil ◽  
Gholam Reza Hamidian ◽  
Hajar Oghbaei ◽  
Zohreh Zavvari Oskuye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Apoptosis Process

AbstractObjective. The vast majority of type 1 diabetes leads to a higher prevalence of reproductive system’s impairments. Troxerutin has attracted much attention owing to its favorable properties, including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. This investigation was proposed to evaluate whether pretreatment with troxerutin could prevent apoptosis-induced testicular disorders in prepubertal diabetic rats.Methods. Fifty prepubertal male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C), troxerutin (TX), diabetic (D), diabetic+troxerutin (DTX), and diabetic+insulin (DI). Diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin applied intraperitoneally. In TX and DTX groups, 150 mg/kg troxerutin was administered by oral gavage. Diabetic rats in DI group received 2–4 U NPH insulin subcutaneously. Troxerutin and insulin treatments were begun immediately on the day of diabetes confirmation. After 30 days, the testicular lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, apoptosis process, and stereology as well as serum glucose and insulin levels were assessed.Results. The results showed that diabetes caused a significant increase in the blood glucose, the number of TUNEL positive cells and tubules, and the malondialdehyde level as well as a significant decrease in serum insulin level compared to controls. The stereological analysis also revealed various alterations in diabetic rats compared to controls. Troxerutin treatment improved these alterations compared to the diabetic group.Conclusion. Troxerutin-pretreatment may play an essential role in the management of the type-1 diabetes-induced testicular disorders by decreasing blood glucose and modulating apoptosis.

scholarly journals The effect of a ketogenic diet and synergy with rapamycin in a mouse model of breast cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0233662
Author(s):  
Yiyu Zou ◽  
Susan Fineberg ◽  
Alexander Pearlman ◽  
Richard D. Feinman ◽  
Eugene J. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background The effects of diet in cancer, in general, and breast cancer in particular, are not well understood. Insulin inhibition in ketogenic, high fat diets, modulate downstream signaling molecules and are postulated to have therapeutic benefits. Obesity and diabetes have been associated with higher incidence of breast cancer. Addition of anti-cancer drugs together with diet is also not well studied. Methods Two diets, one ketogenic, the other standard mouse chow, were tested in a spontaneous breast cancer model in 34 mice. Subgroups of 3–9 mice were assigned, in which the diet were implemented either with or without added rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and potential anti-cancer drug. Results Blood glucose and insulin concentrations in mice ingesting the ketogenic diet (KD) were significantly lower, whereas beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were significantly higher, respectively, than in mice on the standard diet (SD). Growth of primary breast tumors and lung metastases were inhibited, and lifespans were longer in the KD mice compared to mice on the SD (p<0.005). Rapamycin improved survival in both mouse diet groups, but when combined with the KD was more effective than when combined with the SD. Conclusions The study provides proof of principle that a ketogenic diet a) results in serum insulin reduction and ketosis in a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model; b) can serve as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent; and c) can enhance the effects of rapamycin, an anti-cancer drug, permitting dose reduction for comparable effect. Further, the ketogenic diet in this model produces superior cancer control than standard mouse chow whether with or without added rapamycin.

scholarly journals Interactions of Gastrointestinal Peptides: Ghrelin and Its Anorexigenic Antagonists

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Sophia Wisser ◽  
Piet Habbel ◽  
Bertram Wiedenmann ◽  
Burghard F. Klapp ◽  
Hubert Mönnikes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Desacyl Ghrelin ◽  
Gastrointestinal Peptides ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Food intake behaviour and energy homeostasis are strongly regulated by a complex system of humoral factors and nerval structures constituting the brain-gut-axis. To date the only known peripherally produced and centrally acting peptide that stimulates food intake is ghrelin, which is mainly synthesized in the stomach. Recent data indicate that the orexigenic effect of ghrelin might be influenced by other gastrointestinal peptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK), bombesin, desacyl ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), as well as glucagon-like peptide (GLP). Therefore, we will review on the interactions of ghrelin with several gastrointestinal factors known to be involved in appetite regulation in order to elucidate the interdependency of peripheral orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides in the control of appetite.

scholarly journals Dietary non-digestible carbohydrates promote L-cell differentiation in the proximal colon of rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Sophie Hoste ◽  
Yves Guiot ◽  
Nathalie M. Delzenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Neurogenin 3 ◽  
L Cells ◽  
L Cell ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

One of the challenges in type 2 diabetes treatment is to ensure pancreas functionality with gut peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We have recently shown that the endogenous GLP-1 production is promoted by dietary non-digestible carbohydrates (oligofructose), the higher GLP-1 secretion could participate in the control of obesity and associated disorders. This experimental study was designed to highlight the mechanisms of endogenous increase of GLP-1 following non-digestible carbohydrate feeding. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet (70·4 g/100 g total carbohydrates; controls) or the same diet supplemented with oligofructose (10 g/100 g diet) for 4 weeks. GLP-1-producing L-cells of the colon were quantified by immunohistochemistry. GLP-1 was quantified by ELISA, and proglucagon, neurogenin 3 and NeuroD mRNA were measured in the colon by quantitative RT–PCR. The number of GLP-1-expressing cells was doubled in the proximal colon of oligofructose-treated rats, a phenomenon correlated with the increase in proglucagon mRNA and peptide content in the tissue. Moreover, oligofructose increased the number of enteroendocrine L-cells in the proximal colon by a mechanism involving up-regulation of two differentiation factors: neurogenin 3 and NeuroD. It is the first demonstration that nutrients fermented in the gut may promote L-cell differentiation in the proximal colon, a phenomenon contributing to a higher endogenous GLP-1 production. These results suggest a new mechanism by which dietary fibres may lower food intake and fat mass development.

scholarly journals Congenital Anomalies Programmed by Maternal Diabetes and Obesity on Offspring of Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Caruline Araujo-Silva ◽  
Alice Santos-Silva ◽  
Andressa Silva Lourenço ◽  
Cristielly Maria Barros-Barbosa ◽  
Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Embryo-fetal exposure to maternal disorders during intrauterine life programs long-term consequences for the health and illness of offspring. In this study, we evaluated whether mild diabetic rats that were given high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet presented maternal and fetal changes at term pregnancy. Female rats received citrate buffer (non-diabetic-ND) or streptozotocin (diabetic-D) after birth. According to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the experimental groups (n = 11 animals/group) were composed of non-diabetic and diabetic receiving standard diet (S) or HF/HS diet. High-fat/high-sugar diet (30% kcal of lard) in chow and water containing 5% sucrose and given 1 month before mating and during pregnancy. During and at the end of pregnancy, obesity and diabetes features were determined. After laparotomy, blood samples, periovarian fat, and uterine content were collected. The diabetic rats presented a higher glycemia and percentage of embryonic losses when compared with the NDS group. Rats DHF/HS presented increased obesogenic index, caloric intake, and periovarian fat weight and reduced gravid uterus weight in relation to the other groups. Besides, this association might lead to the inflammatory process, confirmed by leukocytosis. Obese rats (NDHF/HS and DHF/HS) showed higher triglyceride levels and their offspring with lower fetal weight and ossification sites, indicating intrauterine growth restriction. This finding may contribute to vascular alterations related to long-term hypertensive disorders in adult offspring. The fetuses from diabetic dams showed higher percentages of skeletal abnormalities, and DHF/HS dams still had a higher rate of anomalous fetuses. Thus, maternal diabetes and/or obesity induces maternal metabolic disorders that contribute to affect fetal development and growth.

scholarly journals Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36) amide on glycaemia-lowering effect of oligofructose in streptozotocin-treated rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice D Cani ◽  
Catherine A Daubioul ◽  
Brigitte Reusens ◽  
Claude Remacle ◽  
Grégory Catillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

We have evaluated the influence of oligofructose (OFS), a fermentable dietary fibre, on glucose homeostasis, insulin production and intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats received either i.v. streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) or vehicle (CT); one week later, they were fed for 6 weeks with either the standard diet (STZ-CT), or with a diet containing 10% oligofructose (STZ-OFS); both diets were available ad libitum. In a second set of experiments (duration 4 weeks), a supplemental group of food-restricted rats (STZ-Res) receiving a similar intake as CT rats, was added. OFS improved glucose tolerance and reduced food intake as compared with STZ-CT rats in both the post-prandial state and after an oral glucose tolerance test. After 6 weeks, portal and pancreatic insulin concentrations were doubled in STZ-OFS rats. Food restriction improved these parameters when compared with STZ-CT rats, but to a lesser extent than in the STZ-OFS group. We have shown that OFS treatment increased portal and colonic GLP-1(7–36) amide levels and doubled colonic proglucagon and prohormone convertase 1 mRNA levels; both OFS and food restriction lowered ileal GLP-1(7–36) amide levels as compared with levels in STZ-CT rats. We propose that OFS, through its fermentation in the colon, promotes the expression and secretion of colonic peptides, namely GLP-1(7–36) amide, with beneficial consequences on glycaemia, insulin secretion and hyperphagia in diabetic rats.

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