scholarly journals The effect of feeding structured triacylglycerols enriched in eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids on murine splenocyte fatty acid composition and leucocyte phagocytosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Kew ◽  
Edward S. Gibbons ◽  
Frank Thies ◽  
Gerald P. McNeill ◽  
Paul T. Quinlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Structured Triacylglycerols ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids

The effects of altering the type of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the mouse diet on the ability of monocytes and neutrophils to perform phagocytosis were investigated. Male weanling mice were fed for 7 d on one of nine diets which contained 178 g lipid/kg and which differed in the type of n-3 PUFA and in the position of these in dietary triacylglycerol (TAG). The control diet contained 4·4 g α-linolenic acid/100 g total fatty acids. In the other diets, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) replaced a proportion (50 or 100 %) of the α-linolenic acid, and were in the sn-2 or the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG. There were significant increases in the content of n-3 PUFA in spleen-cell phospholipids when EPA or DHA was fed. These increases were largely independent of the position of EPA or DHA in dietary TAG except when EPA was fed at the highest level, when the incorporation was greater when it was fed in the sn-2 than in the sn-1(3) position. There was no significant effect of dietary DHA on monocyte or neutrophil phagocytic activity. Dietary EPA dose-dependently decreased the number of monocytes and neutrophils performing phagocytosis. However, when EPA was fed in the sn-2 position, the ability of active monocytes or neutrophils to engulf bacteria was increased in a dose-dependent fashion. This did not occur when EPA was fed in the sn-1(3) position. Thus, there appears to be an influence of the position of EPA, but not of DHA, in dietary TAG on its incorporation into cell phospholipids and on the activity of phagocytic cells.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding tuna oil or soyabean oil as supplements to sows in late pregnancy on piglet tissue composition and viability

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
I. M. Bland ◽  
S. A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Tuna Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Viability Score

To investigate whether long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could cross the porcine placenta in late pregnancy and alter neonatal piglet tissue composition, multiparous sows (seven per diet) were fed on diets containing a supplement (30 g/kg) of either soyabean oil or tuna oil for the last 21 d of pregnancy and the first 7 d of lactation. The proportions of all fatty acids, except 18:1n-7, differed between diets: in particular, the tuna-oil-containing diet supplied more 22:6n-3 and less 18:2n-6 fatty acids than the soyabean-oil-containing diet. The proportions of n-3 fatty acids, particularly 22:6n-3 (g/100 g total fatty acids) in sow plasma, colostrum and milk were increased and the proportion of 18:2n-6 was decreased by feeding tuna oil. Piglet tissue n-3 fatty acid proportions (particularly 22:6n-3), obtained shortly after birth, were increased in piglets born to tuna-oil-fed sows compared with progeny of soyabean-oil-fed sows. The increase in the proportion of n-3 fatty acids (g/100 g total fatty acids) in piglet tissues as a result of tuna-oil feeding, compared with soyabean-oil-feeding, was in the order plasma>liver>erythrocytes>spleen>brain>retina. Piglets born to tuna-oil-fed sows had a lower viability score at birth than the progeny of soyabean-oil-fed sows. The proportions of long-chain n-3 fatty acid in tissues of new-born piglets were increased by feeding tuna oil to the sow in late pregnancy; however no improvements in piglet viability were observed.

The alpha-linolenic Acid Content of Green Vegetables Commonly Available in Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Pereira ◽  
Duo Li ◽  
Andrew J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Green vegetable consumption has long been considered to have health benefits mainly due to the vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients (such as vitamin C, folate, antioxidants etc) contained in a vegetable-rich diet. Additionally, green vegetables are known to contain a relatively high proportion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3). However, there are no data available on the fatty acid composition and concentration of green vegetables commonly consumed in Australia. The present study determined the fatty acid content of 11 green vegetables that are commonly available in Australia. The total fatty acid concentrations of the vegetables under study ranged from 44 mg/100 g wet weight in Chinese cabbage to 372 mg/100 g in watercress. There were three PUFAs in all vegetables analyzed; these were 16:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 18:3n-3 fatty acids. Sample vegetables contained significant quantities of 16:3n-3 and 18:3n-3, ranging from 23 to 225 mg/100g. Watercress and mint contained the highest amounts of 16:3n-3 and 18:3n-3, and parsley had the highest amount of 18:2n-6 in both percentage composition and concentration. Mint had the highest concentration of 18:3n-3 with a value of 195 mg/100 g, while watercress contained the highest concentration of 16:3n-3 at 45 mg/100 g. All 11 green vegetables contained a high proportion of PUFAs, ranging from 59 to 72% of total fatty acids. The omega-3 PUFA composition ranged from 40 to 62% of total fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acid composition was less than 6% of total fatty acids. The proportion of saturated fatty acids ranged from 21% in watercress and mint to 32% of total fatty acids in Brussels sprouts. No eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were detected in any of the samples. Consumption of green vegetables could contribute to 18:3n-3 PUFA intake, especially for vegetarian populations.

scholarly journals Effect of altered dietaryn-3 fatty acid intake upon plasma lipid fatty acid composition, conversion of [13C]α-linolenic acid to longer-chain fatty acids and partitioning towards β-oxidation in older men

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C. Burdge ◽  
Yvonne E. Finnegan ◽  
Anne M. Minihane ◽  
Christine M. Williams ◽  
Stephen A. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid

The effect of increased dietary intakes of α-linolenic acid (ALNA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 2 months upon plasma lipid composition and capacity for conversion of ALNA to longer-chain metabolites was investigated in healthy men (52 (SD 12) years). After a 4-week baseline period when the subjects substituted a control spread, a test meal containing [U-13C]ALNA (700 mg) was consumed to measure conversion to EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA over 48 h. Subjects were then randomised to one of three groups for 8 weeks before repeating the tracer study: (1) continued on same intake (control,n5); (2) increased ALNA intake (10 g/d,n4); (3) increased EPA+DHA intake (1·5 g/d,n5). At baseline, apparent fractional conversion of labelled ALNA was: EPA 2·80, DPA 1·20 and DHA 0·04 %. After 8 weeks on the control diet, plasma lipid composition and [13C]ALNA conversion remained unchanged compared with baseline. The high-ALNA diet resulted in raised plasma triacylglycerol-EPA and -DPA concentrations and phosphatidylcholine-EPA concentration, whilst [13C]ALNA conversion was similar to baseline. The high-(EPA+DHA) diet raised plasma phosphatidylcholine-EPA and -DHA concentrations, decreased [13C]ALNA conversion to EPA (2-fold) and DPA (4-fold), whilst [13C]ALNA conversion to DHA was unchanged. The dietary interventions did not alter partitioning of ALNA towards β-oxidation. The present results indicate ALNA conversion was down-regulated by increased product (EPA+DHA) availability, but was not up-regulated by increased substrate (ALNA) consumption. This suggests regulation of ALNA conversion may limit the influence of variations in dietaryn-3 fatty acid intake on plasma lipid compositions.

scholarly journals Effect ofα-linolenic acid and DHA intake on lipogenesis and gene expression involved in fatty acid metabolism in growing-finishing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Tonnac ◽  
E. Labussière ◽  
A. Vincent ◽  
J. Mourot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Coa Reductase

AbstractThe regulation of lipogenesis mechanisms related to consumption ofn-3 PUFA is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to find out whetherα-linolenic acid (ALA) or DHA uptake can have an effect on activities and gene expressions of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue andlongissimus dorsi(LD) muscle of growing–finishing pigs. Six groups of ten pigs received one of six experimental diets supplemented with rapeseed oil in the control diet, extruded linseed, microalgae or a mixture of both to implement different levels of ALA and DHA with the same content in totaln-3. Results were analysed for linear and quadratic effects of DHA intake. The results showed that activities of malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) decreased linearly in the liver with dietary DHA. Although the expression of the genes of these enzymes and their activities were poorly correlated,MEandFASexpressions also decreased linearly with DHA intake. The intake of DHA down-regulates the expressions of other genes involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism in some tissues of pigs, such asfatty acid desaturase 2andsterol-regulatory element binding transcription factor 1in the liver and2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 2in the LD muscle. FA oxidation in the LD muscle and FA synthesis decreased in the liver with increasing amount of dietary DHA, whereas a retroconversion of DHA into EPA seems to be set up in this last tissue.

Effect of feeding tuna oil supplement protected against hydrogenation in the rumen on growth and n-3 fatty acid content of lamb fat and muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Kitessa ◽  
S. K. Gulati ◽  
J. R. Ashes ◽  
T. W. Scott ◽  
E. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tuna Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

To re-evaluate the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into depot fats and muscle a group of lambs were fed indoors a concentrate ration supplemented (3% DM) with much lower levels than used previously of rumen-protected tuna oil for 42 days. A second group of lambs were fed diets supplemented with tallow (3% DM) to make the diets iso-caloric. There was no difference in final liveweight, average daily gain, hot carcass yield, or dry matter intake (DMI) between lambs fed with tallow and tuna oil-supplemented diets. Both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in muscle tissue samples from tuna oil-fed lambs were thrice those in tallow-fed lambs (1.81% v. 0.61% for EPA; 1.51 v. 0.44% total fatty acids for DHA). There were also significant incorporations of EPA and DHA into omental and perirenal fat. The level of linolenic acid in both muscle and adipose tissue of tuna oil fed lambs was double that of tallow-fed lambs. Feeding protected tuna oil significantly enhanced the n-3 fatty acid content of lamb meat.

Omega-3 enriched eggs: The influence of dietary α-linolenic fatty acid source on egg production and composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ayerza ◽  
Wayne Coates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Linolenic Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Percentage

A study was conducted to assess the effect of replacing chia with flaxseed as a source of α-linolenic acid in laying hen feed. Five diets, identified as T0 through T4, containing 0-0, 7-3, 9-5, 11.5-2.5 and 14-0% whole chia seed and whole flaxseed, respectively, were fed to 240 White Shaver laying hens, at 60 wk of age. No difference (P > 0.05) in egg production, egg weight, yolk weight and albumen weight were found among treatments. Total ω-3 acid percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in the yolks from the hens fed the α-linolenic acid-enriched diets, than in those fed the control diet. Of the three treatments that had any combination of chia and flaxseed comprising 14% of the diet, T2 yielded a lower (P < 0.05) ω-3 content in the yolk, than did T3 and T4. A taste panel found no difference (P > 0.05) in flavor or off-flavor among treatments; however, panel preferences were lower for eggs produced by hens fed the highest level of flaxseed (T2). This study showed no advantages to replacing chia with flaxseed to produce ω-3 enriched eggs. Greater availability of flaxseed, however, might make it more attractive in some markets. Key words: Eggs, chia, flaxseed, omega-3 fatty acid

scholarly journals Good Yields of Common Purslane with a High Fatty Acid Content Can Be Obtained in a Peat-based Floating System

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Cros ◽  
Juan José Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
José Antonio Franco
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Purslane

Interest in cultivating common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) as a food crop has grown since its identification as an exceptionally rich source of bioprotective substances considered essential for normal human growth, health promotion, and disease prevention. However, little is known about the suitable cultural systems, substrates, and irrigation systems for common purslane's commercial production. In this study, we examined the effects of various substrates in a floating system on common purslane's yield and fatty acid content during 2003 and 2004. We carried out three experiments using peat, vermiculite, coir, perlite, and mixtures of peat and perlite (3:1 and 1:1 v/v). In 2003, highest yields were obtained in plants grown in either peat (1806 g·m−2) or vermiculite (1982 g·m−2) and far exceeded those grown in coir (1254 g·m−2) or perlite (834 g·m−2). In 2004, plants grown in peat or 3 peat:1 perlite mixture yielded the best (2000 g·m−2), whereas the lowest yields were obtained in plants grown in either coir or perlite (534 and 601 g·m−2, respectively). Plants grown in peat substrate had the highest total fatty acid content, alpha-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid, whereas the highest proportion of alpha-linolenic acid to total fatty acids was obtained in plants when grown in either coir or perlite.

The effect of whole linseed or xylose treated whole linseed on dairy cow performance and level of the fatty acids C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6 in milk fat

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Mansbridge ◽  
J.S. Blake ◽  
C.A. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy report Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease recommended increased dietary intakes of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to help protect against cardiovascular disease. There is some evidence that a-linolenic acid can be elongated and desaturated by mammalian enzyme systems to produce small amounts of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Whole linseeds are rich in a–linolenic acid, and it has been suggested that feeding this oilseed to dairy cows may result in higher levels of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in bovine milk. To examine this hypothesis, the effect of feeding whole ground linseed and xylose treated whole ground linseed on the performance and milk composition of dairy cows was investigated.Either form of whole linseed reduced dry matter intakes and milk protein concentration. The xylose treated whole linseed increased milk yield, but neither linseed source changed milk fat concentration. Levels of milk a-linolenic acid increased to 1.2 g/100 g fatty acid when whole ground linseed was fed, and to 1.5 g/100 g fatty acid with the xylose treated linseed compared with 0.7 g/100 g fatty acid for cows fed the control diet. The efficiency of incorporation of additional dietary a-linolenic acid into milk fat was estimated to be 1.6 and 3.4% for the whole ground and xylose treated whole ground linseed respectively. Feeding whole ground linseed increased the proportion of a-linolenic acid in milk fat, but there was no evidence of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in milk fat, suggesting that if any elongation and desaturation of a-linolenic acid occurs in dairy cows, none is transferred to milk.

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