scholarly journals Effects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Collin ◽  
Ramon D. Malheiros ◽  
Vera M. B. Moraes ◽  
Pieter Van As ◽  
Veerle M. Darras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Avian Ucp

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary macronutrient ratio on energy metabolism and on skeletal muscle mRNA expression of avian uncoupling protein (UCP), thought to be implicated in thermogenesis in birds. Broiler chickens from 2 to 6 weeks of age received one of three isoenergetic diets containing different macronutrient ratios (low-lipid (LL) 30 v. 77 g lipid/kg; low-protein (LP) 125 v. 197 g crude protein (N×6·25)/kg; low-carbohydrate (LC) 440 v. 520 g carbohydrate/kg). LP chickens were characterised by significantly lower body weights and food intakes compared with LL and LC chickens (−47 and −38 % respectively) but similar heat production/kg metabolic body weight, as measured by indirect calorimetry, in the three groups. However, heat production/g food ingested was higher in animals receiving the LP diet (+41 %, P<0·05). These chickens also deposited 57 % less energy as protein (P<0·05) and 33 % more as fat. No significant differences in energy and N balances were detected between LL and LC chickens. The diets with the higher fat contents (i.e. the LP and LC diets) induced slightly but significantly higher relative expressions of avian UCP mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle, measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, than the LL diet (88 and 90 v. 78 % glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase respectively, P<0·05). Our present results are consistent with the recent view that UCP homologues could be involved in the regulation of lipid utilisation as fuel substrate and provide evidence that the macronutrient content of the diet regulates energy metabolism and especially protein and fat deposition.

Growth, abdominal fat content, heat production and plasma hormone levels of naked-neck and control broiler chickens

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
E. Decuypere ◽  
J. Buyse ◽  
P. Mérat ◽  
J. Zoons ◽  
J. Vloeberghs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe depressing effect of high rearing temperature (30°C) on body weights of heterozygous naked-neck broiler chickens was apparently less pronounced than in control broiler chickens but no effect of genotype, rearing temperature or interaction on abdominal fat pad content was found. Both genotype and rearing temperature affected plasma tri-iodothyronine but not growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in plasma. Rearing temperature of 20°C or 30°C had effect neither on the slope of the thermoregulatory heat production curves nor on the lower critical temperature in either genotypes except at 4 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effects of PPARβ/δ Activation against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Heart Are Associated with ALDH2 Upregulation, Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Preservation of Mitochondrial Energy Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6399
Author(s):  
Ioanna Papatheodorou ◽  
Eleftheria Galatou ◽  
Georgios-Dimitrios Panagiotidis ◽  
Táňa Ravingerová ◽  
Antigone Lazou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2

Accumulating evidence support the cardioprotective properties of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ); however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to further investigate the mechanisms underlying PPARβ/δ-mediated cardioprotection in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). For this purpose, rats were treated with PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 and/or antagonist GSK0660 in vivo and hearts were subjected to ex vivo global ischemia followed by reperfusion. PPARβ/δ activation improved left ventricular developed pressure recovery, reduced infarct size (IS) and incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias while it also up-regulated superoxide dismutase 2, catalase and uncoupling protein 3 resulting in attenuation of oxidative stress as evidenced by the reduction in 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts and protein carbonyl formation. PPARβ/δ activation also increased both mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2); inhibition of ALDH2 abrogated the IS limiting effect of PPARβ/δ activation. Furthermore, upregulation of PGC-1α and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 mRNA expression, increased citrate synthase activity as well as mitochondrial ATP content indicated improvement in mitochondrial content and energy production. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the cardioprotective properties of PPARβ/δ in I/R pointing to ALDH2 as a direct downstream target and suggesting that PPARβ/δ activation alleviates myocardial I/R injury through coordinated stimulation of the antioxidant defense of the heart and preservation of mitochondrial function.

scholarly journals Effects of Clostridium butyricum- and Bacillus spp.-Based Potential Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Caecal Microbiota in Broilers

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Xinfu Zeng ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Caimei Yang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zixian Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Bacillus Spp

We aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum-, Bacillus subtilis-, and Bacillus licheniformis-based potential probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial structure in broiler chickens. Three treatment groups containing a total of 1200 one-day-old AA broilers were included: birds fed with a basal diet only (Con), birds fed with added 1010 probiotics cfu/kg (ProL), and birds fed with added 1011 probiotics cfu/kg (ProH). The dietary probiotics significantly improved the final and average body weights and serum immunoglobulins A, M, and Y. The probiotics also enhanced the ileal morphology and improved the caecal acetate, butyrate, and propionate contents. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary compound probiotics modulated the caecal microflora composition as follows: (1) all birds shared 2794 observed taxonomic units; (2) treatment groups were well separated in the PCA and PCoA analysis; (3) the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Barnesiella, Odoribacter, [Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group], [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, and Butyricimonas significantly varied between treatments. The compound probiotics improved the growth performance, serum immune responses, the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth, and major caecal SCFAs in broiler chickens. The dietary C. butyricum-, B. subtilis-, and B. licheniformis-based probiotics improved overall broiler health and would benefit the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Reverse Feeding Suppresses the Activity of the GH Axis in Rats and Induces a Preobesogenic State

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla A.-M. Glad ◽  
Edward E. J. Kitchen ◽  
Gemma C. Russ ◽  
Sophie M. Harris ◽  
Jeffrey S. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Gh Secretion

Reversed feeding (RF) is known to disrupt hormone rhythmicity and metabolism. Although these effects may be mediated in part by phase inversion of glucocorticoid secretion, the precise mechanism is incompletely characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that acute nocturnal food deprivation in male rats suppressed the amplitude of spontaneous GH secretion during the dark phase by 62% (P &lt; 0.001), without affecting baseline secretion. Prolonged RF, which reduced pituitary weight (by 22%; P &lt; 0.05), also suppressed GH pulse height sufficiently to reduce skeletal growth (by 4–5%; P &lt; 0.01) and terminal liver weight (by 11%; P &lt; 0.001). Despite this suppression of the GH axis, proportionate adiposity was not elevated, probably due to the accompanying 16% reduction in cumulative food intake (P &lt; 0.01). We demonstrate that RF also resulted in phase inversion of core clock gene expression in liver, abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, without affecting their expression patterns in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, RF resulted in phase inversion of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 mRNA expression, a 3- to 5-fold elevation in fatty acid synthase mRNA in WAT in both light- and dark-phase samples (P &lt; 0.01) and an elevation in muscle uncoupling protein 3 mRNA expression at the beginning of the light phase (P &lt; 0.01). Consumption of a high-fat diet increased inguinal (by 36%; P &lt; 0.05) and retroperitoneal WAT weight (by 72%; P &lt; 0.01) only in RF-maintained rats, doubling the efficiency of lipid accumulation (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, RF not only desynchronizes central and peripheral circadian clocks, and suppresses nocturnal GH secretion, but induces a preobesogenic state.

scholarly journals Effect of Aspergillus Meal Prebiotic (Fermacto) on Performance of Broiler Chickens in the Starter Phase and Fed Low Protein Diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Torres-Rodriguez ◽  
C. Sartor ◽  
S.E. Higgins ◽  
A.D. Wolfenden ◽  
L.R. Bielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Studies on energy metabolism in swine. II. Heat production in piglets at fasting.

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Sumimaro ITOH ◽  
Yashio KURIHARA ◽  
Shuhei IKEDA ◽  
Shin-ichi SUZUKI ◽  
Seiji SUKEMORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production

Postprandial heat production in skeletal muscle is associated with altered mitochondrial function and altered futile calcium cycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (10) ◽  
pp. R1071-R1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Clarke ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
Zane B. Andrews ◽  
Robert Bischof ◽  
Fahri Fahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Temperature ◽  
Calcium Cycling ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

This study aimed to determine whether postprandial temperature excursions in skeletal muscle are consistent with thermogenesis or altered blood flow. Temperature probes were implanted into the vastus lateralis muscle of ovariectomized ewes, and blood flow was assessed using laser-Doppler flowmetry (tissue flow) and transit-time ultrasound flowmetry (femoral artery flow). The animals were program-fed between 1100 and 1600, and temperature and blood flow were measured during intravenous administration of either isoprenaline or phenylephrine and during feeding and meal anticipation. In addition, muscle biopsies were collected prefeeding and postfeeding to measure uncoupling protein (UCP) expression and mitochondrial function, as well as indices of calcium cycling (ryanodine 1 receptor: RyR1 and sarcoendoplasmic calcium-dependent ATPases SERCA1/ SERCA2a). Isoprenaline increased femoral artery blood flow, whereas phenylephrine reduced blood flow. At high doses only, isoprenaline treatment increased heat production in muscle. Phenylephrine treatment did not alter muscle temperature. Meal anticipation was evoked in fasted animals (previously program-fed) that were housed beside animals that were fed. Increases in muscle temperature were elicited by feeding and meal anticipation, without changes in blood flow during either paradigm. Analyses of respiration in isolated mitochondria indicated that the postprandial increase in heat production was associated with an increase in state 4 respiration, without increased UCP1, UCP2, or UCP3 expression. Feeding increased the expression of RyR1 and SERCA2a. We conclude that excursions in muscle temperature may occur independent of blood flow, suggesting that postprandial heat production is driven by altered mitochondrial function and changes in calcium cycling.

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