scholarly journals Effects of dietarycis9,trans11–18: 2,trans10,cis12–18: 2, or vaccenic acid (trans11–18: 1) during lactation on body composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, and litter growth in mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Xiaobo Lin ◽  
Joseph H. Herbein
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cla Isomers

Cis9,trans11 (c9,t11)-18: 2 andtrans10,cis12 (t10,c12)-18: 2 are the major conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in dietary supplements which reduce milk fat content in nursing women. The present study evaluated the effects of each CLA isomer or vaccenic acid on body composition and tissue fatty acids during lactation in mice. Dams were fed 30 g rapeseed oil (control)/kg diet or 20 g control plus 10 g 18: 0,trans11–18: 1 (t11–18: 1),c9,t11–18: 2, ort10,c12–18: 2. Dietaryt10,c12–18: 2 reduced food intake by 18 % and carcass fat weight of the dams by 49 % compared with the other treatments. Milk fat percentage ranked by treatment was 18: 0>t11–18: 1=c9,t11–18: 2>t10,c12–18: 2. The sum of saturated 12: 0 to 16: 0 in milk fat was lower whenc9,t11–18: 2 was fed compared with the control, 18: 0, ort11–18: 1 treatments. Dietaryt10,c12–18: 2 caused further reductions in milk fat 12: 0 to 16: 0. The proportion of CLA isomers was 3-fold greater in milk fat than in the carcasses of the dams. The pups nursing from the dams fedt10,c12–18: 2 had the lowest body weights and carcass fat, protein, and ash contents. Nursing from the dams fedc9,t11–18: 2 also resulted in lower carcass fat compared with the 18: 0 ort11–18: 1 treatments. The ratios ofcis9–16: 1:16: 0 orcis9–18: 1:18: 0, proxies for Δ9-desaturase activity, were markedly lower in the carcasses of the dams and pups fedt10,c12–18: 2. The ratio of 20: 4n-6:18: 2n-6, a proxy for Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase and elongase activity, in the liver of the dams and pups fedt10,c12–18: 2 also was lower. Dietaryt11–18: 1 enhanced the content ofc9,t11–18: 2 in milk fat and carcasses. As in previous studies, the reduction in food intake byt10,c12–18: 2 could not entirely account for the marked decrease in carcass fat content and milk fat concentration.T10,c12–18: 2 probably had a negative effect on Δ9-desaturase and mammaryde novofatty acid synthesis. Although these effects need to be confirmed in lactating women, the results suggest that the consumption of supplements containingt10,c12–18: 2 should be avoided during the nursing period.

scholarly journals Milk fatty acid profile from grazing buffaloes fed a blend of soybean and linseed oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Gagliostro ◽  
E.M. Patiño ◽  
M. Sanchez Negrette ◽  
G. Sager ◽  
L. Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Protein Content

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing buffaloes fed either low (L, 276g/d) or high (H, 572g/d) doses of a blend (70:30, wt/wt) of soybean and linseed oils. Fourteen multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes grazing on a native pasture were fed 4 kg/day of a commercial concentrate containing no supplemental oil over a pre-experimental period of ten days. The baseline milk production and composition and milk FA profile were measured over the last three days. After this pre-experimental period the animals received the same concentrate added with either the L or H oil doses for 26 additional days. Milk yield (g/animal/day) did not differ at the start (1776 ± 522 and 1662 ± 291 for L and H, respectively, P<0.622) or at the end of the trial (4590 ± 991 and 4847 ± 447 in L and H, respectively, P<0.543). Baseline milk fat content (g/kg) averaged 77.1 (±20.5) in L and 74.3 (±9.9) in H (P<0.10) and was reduced (P<0.031) to 60.7 (±23.6) and 49.4 (±11.2) (P<0.0031) respectively after L and H with no differences between treatments (P<0.277). Baseline milk protein content (L=43.2 ± 3.4 and H= 44.3 ± 6.9g/kg) increased after oil supplementation (P<0.0001) in both L (73.2 ± 6.0g/kg) and H (68.4 ± 4.9g/kg) without differences between oil doses (P<0.123). Milk fat content of 14:0 decreased after oil supplementation only in the H treatment (5.29 to 4.03, P<0.007) whereas that of 16:0 was reduced (P<0.001) at both L (24.49 to 19.75g/100g FA) and H (25.92 to 19.17g/100g FA) doses. The reduction of total content of 12:0 to 16:0 was higher (P<0.052) in H (32.02 to 23.93g/100g FA) than L (30.17 to 25.45g/100g FA). Vaccenic acid content increased (P<0.001) from 5.70 to 13.24g/100g FA in L and from 5.25 to 16.77 in H, with higher results in the in H treatment (P<0.001). Baseline rumenic acid was sharply increased (P<0.001) in L (1.80 to 4.09g/100g FA, +127%) and H (1.60 to 4.61g/100g FA, +187%) with no differences between L and H (P<0.19). Overall, these results indicate a pronounced improvement in the nutritional value of milk fat from grazing buffaloes fed little amounts (0.276g/day) of a blend of soybean and linseed oils.

325 The Diagnosis of Sub-acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) in Dairy Cows on Commercial Farms Using the Milk Fatty Acid Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Jan C Plaizier ◽  
Sharon Y Mowete ◽  
Debora Santchi ◽  
Ken Kwiatkowski ◽  
Nympha De Neve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis

Abstract The accuracy of the milk fatty acid profile as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been determined when SARA was experimentally induced. This had not yet been done not on commercial dairy farms, where SARA can occur naturally. The objective of this study was to determine this accuracy in individual cows on commercial dairy farms. A total of 336 cows from 24 commercial dairy farms in Quebec were included. Farms were blocked based on geographical location and management, with each block having one high risk SARA farm and one low risk SARA farm. Farm Risk of SARA was determined based on the milk fat content and the proportions of de novo fatty acids and long chain unsaturated fatty acids in the bulk tank. On each farm, 7 early/mid-lactation (&lt; 150 days in milk DIM) and 7 mid/late lactation (&lt; 150 DIM) cows were randomly selected. The fatty acid profile of pooled milk samples from these cows were determined by gas chromatography. Farm risk of SARA did not affect the milk fat proportion of fatty acids, with the exception of trans 10 cis 12 C18:2, which was higher in At Risk Farms. Later lactation cows had a higher milk fat content and higher milk fat proportions of de novo, C16 fatty, and odd and branch chain fatty acids. The prevalence of SARA was likely higher in earlier lactation cows than in later lactation cows, but non-SARA related animal and dietary factors also affect the milk fatty acid profile. Hence, the milk fatty acid profile alone may not be accurate enough to diagnose SARA on farm. This profile can, however, contribute to this diagnosis, the identification of causes of milk fat depression, and the development of strategies to optimize the milk fatty acid profile.

scholarly journals Analysis of lines of mice selected for fat content: 3. Flux through the de novo lipid synthesis pathway

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Asante ◽  
William G. Hill ◽  
Grahame Bulfield
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Lean Line

SummaryThe flux through the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway was estimated in lines of mice which differed substantially in fat content following 26 generations of selection at 10 weeks of age. Previous estimates of lipogenic enzyme activities had indicated an increase in the capacity for lipogenesis in the Fat compared to the Lean line. Therefore the in vivo flux in lipogenesis was measured in both liver and gonadal fat pad (GFP) tissues of males at 5 and 10 weeks of age, using the rat of incorporation of 3H from 3H2O and 14C from acetate and citra te into total lipids. AT both ages and in both tissues the Fat line had a higher flux, about 20% increase in the liver and up to three-fold increase (range 1·2- to 3·4-fold) in the GFP. We conclude that direct selection for fatness in mice has resulted in metabolic changes in the ratio of de novo fatty acid synthesis, and that the changes are largely detectable before 10 weeks, the age of selection.

scholarly journals Fatty acids profile of milk from cows fed different maize silage levels and extruded soybeans

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelli Antenor Oliveira ◽  
Ronaldo Braga Reis ◽  
Márcio Machado Ladeira ◽  
Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro ◽  
Leandro Sâmia Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
High Lipid

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two levels of maize silage and extruded soybeans supplementation on fatty acid profile in milk fat of dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were distributed in a double 4x4 Latin Square design with a factorial arrangement. The treatment groups were: high maize silage and low lipid, high maize silage and high lipid, low maize silage and low lipid and low maize silage and high lipid. The experimental periods lasted 21 days. Milk samples were collected on days 18 and 19 of each experimental period. The increase of lipid contents in high and low maize silage diets decreased short chain fatty acids concentrations (C4:0 - C12:0). The conjugated linoleic acid content (cis-9 trans-11 C18:2) increased from 3.72 to 4.85, and 4.6 to 5.89mg/g, when extruded soybeans was used in high and low level of corn silage, respectively. The increase in dietary lipids content resulted in higher trans-11 C18:1 fatty acid concentration. Fatty acid trans-10 C18:1 tended to increase with the elevation of the lipids content in the diet. There was significant correlation between trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 and milk fat percentage. The extruded soybeans supplementation decreased shortchain fatty acids and palmitic acid in milk. In addition, this oilseed enhanced the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 cis-9 trans-11) and vaccenic acid, which improved the milk quality for the human health.

scholarly journals Variation in the Fatty Acid Synthase Gene (FASN) and Its Association with Milk Traits in Gannan Yaks

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingang Shi ◽  
Yanyan Jiang ◽  
Yanli Chen ◽  
Zhidong Zhao ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and plays a central role in de novo lipogenesis in mammals. This study was conducted to ascertain the relative level of expression of the FASN gene (FASN) in tissues from the yak (Bos grunniens), and to search for variation in two regions of yak FASN using polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses; it also ascertains whether that variation is associated with yak milk traits. The gene was found to be expressed in twelve tissues, with the highest expression detected in the mammary gland, followed by subcutaneous fat tissue. Two regions of the gene were analyzed in 290 Gannan yaks: A region spanning exon 24-intron 24 and a region spanning exon 34. These regions both produced two PCR-SSCP patterns, which, upon sequencing, represented different DNA sequences. This sequence variation resulted from the presence of three nucleotide substitutions: c.4296+38C/T (intron 24), c.5884A/G, and c.5903G/A, both located in exon 34. The exon 34 substitutions would result in the amino acid substitutions p.Thr1962Ala and p.Gly1968Glu if expressed. Four haplotypes spanning from the exon 24-intron 24 region to exon 34 were identified. Of these, two were common (A1-A2 and B1-A2), and two were rare (A1-B2 and B1-B2) in the yaks investigated. The presence of A1-A2 was associated with an increase in milk fat content (p = 0.050) and total milk solid content (p = 0.037), while diplotype A1-A2/B1-A2 had a higher milk fat content (p = 0.038) than the other diplotypes. This study suggests that further characterization of the FASN gene might provide for an improved understanding of milk traits in yaks.

Fatty acid profile of milk from Nordestina donkey breed raised on Caatinga pasture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes Messias ◽  
Susana Paula Alves ◽  
Rui José Branquinho Bessa ◽  
Marta Suely Madruga ◽  
Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Commercial Viability

Abstract In this research communication we describe the composition of fatty acids (FA) present in the milk of the Nordestina donkey breed, and how they differ during lactation. Milk samples were taken from 24 multiparous lactating Nordestina donkeys that grazed the Caatinga, comprising 5 animals at each of around 30, 60 and 90 d in milk (DIM) and a further 9 animals ranging from 120 to 180 DIM. The milk fat content was analysed by mid infrared spectroscopy and the FA profile by gas chromatography. The milk fat percentage ranged from 0.45 to 0.61%. The main FA found in milk were 16:0 and 18:1c9. These did not differ among DIM classes and comprised 23% and 25% of total FA. Notably, the α-Linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was the third most abundant FA and differed (P < 0.05) with DIM, being lowest in the 30 and 60 DIM samples (around 10.7% of total FA) and highest in the 60 and 90 DIM classes (around 14.6% of total FA). The low-fat content and the FA profile of the donkey milk gives it potential as a functional ingredient, which could help to preserve the commercial viability of the Nordestina donkey breed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of fatty acids in the perfused mouse liver

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael W. Salmon ◽  
Neil L. Bowen ◽  
Douglas A. Hems
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Glucose Carbon

1. Fatty acid synthesis de novo was measured in the perfused liver of fed mice. 2. The total rate, measured by the incorporation into fatty acid of3H from3H2O (1–7μmol of fatty acid/h per g of fresh liver), resembled the rate found in the liver of intact mice. 3. Perfusions with l-[U-14C]lactic acid and [U-14C]glucose showed that circulating glucose at concentrations less than about 17mm was not a major carbon source for newly synthesized fatty acid, whereas lactate (10mm) markedly stimulated fatty acid synthesis, and contributed extensive carbon to lipogenesis. 4. The identification of 50% of the carbon converted into newly synthesized fatty acid lends further credibility to the use of3H2O to measure hepatic fatty acid synthesis. 5. The total rate of fatty acid synthesis, and the contribution of glucose carbon to lipogenesis, were directly proportional to the initial hepatic glycogen concentration. 6. The proportion of total newly synthesized lipid that was released into the perfusion medium was 12–16%. 7. The major products of lipogenesis were saturated fatty acids in triglyceride and phospholipid. 8. The rate of cholesterol synthesis, also measured with3H2O, expressed as acetyl residues consumed, was about one-fourth of the basal rate of fatty acid synthesis. 9. These results are discussed in terms of the carbon sources of hepatic newly synthesized fatty acids, and the effect of glucose, glycogen and lactate in stimulating lipogenesis, independently of their role as precursors.

scholarly journals High glucose levels reduce fatty acid oxidation and increase triglyceride accumulation in human placenta

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (2) ◽  
pp. E205-E212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Visiedo ◽  
Fernando Bugatto ◽  
Viviana Sánchez ◽  
Irene Cózar-Castellano ◽  
Jose L. Bartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Cpt I

Placentas of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exhibit an altered lipid metabolism. The mechanism by which GDM is linked to alterations in placental lipid metabolism remains obscure. We hypothesized that high glucose levels reduce mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and increase triglyceride accumulation in human placenta. To test this hypothesis, we measured FAO, fatty acid esterification, de novo fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride levels, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activities (CPT) in placental explants of women with GDM or no pregnancy complication. In women with GDM, FAO was reduced by ∼30% without change in mitochondrial content, and triglyceride content was threefold higher than in the control group. Likewise, in placental explants of women with no complications, high glucose levels reduced FAO by ∼20%, and esterification increased linearly with increasing fatty acid concentrations. However, de novo fatty acid synthesis remained unchanged between high and low glucose levels. In addition, high glucose levels increased triglyceride content approximately twofold compared with low glucose levels. Furthermore, etomoxir-mediated inhibition of FAO enhanced esterification capacity by ∼40% and elevated triglyceride content 1.5-fold in placental explants of women, with no complications. Finally, high glucose levels reduced CPT I activity by ∼70% and phosphorylation levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by ∼25% in placental explants of women, with no complications. We reveal an unrecognized regulatory mechanism on placental fatty acid metabolism by which high glucose levels reduce mitochondrial FAO through inhibition of CPT I, shifting flux of fatty acids away from oxidation toward the esterification pathway, leading to accumulation of placental triglycerides.

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