scholarly journals Effect of the addition of malate onin vitrorumen fermentation of cereal grains

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Butyrate Production

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of malate (Rumalato®; Norel & Nature S.A., Barcelona, Spain; composed of disodium malate–calcium malate (0·16:0·84, w/w)) on the fermentation of four cereal grains (maize, barley, wheat and sorghum). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hayad libitumand supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Rumalato® was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mM-MALATE. Gas production was measured at regular intervals up to 120 h. Malate increased (P<0·01) the average fermentation rate of all substrates, and the lag time decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing concentrations of malate for all substrates, with the exception of sorghum. in 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as malate concentration increased from 0 TO 10 mM. Propionate and butyrate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate: propionate ratio and L-lactate concentrations decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of malate. Malate treatment increased (P<0·05) the CO2production and decreased the production of CH4, although this effect was not significant (P>0·05) for maize. Malate at 4 and 7 mm increased (P<0·05) optical density of the cultures measured at 600 nm for maize, with no differences for the other substrates. The results indicate that malate may be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH and propionate production and decreased CH4production and L-lactate concentrations; however, in general, no beneficial effects of 10 compared with 7 mM-malate were observed.

scholarly journals Influence of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on methane production and fermentation of concentrate feeds by rumen micro-organisms invitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Micro Organisms

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on the fermentation of five concentrate feeds (maize, barley, wheat, sorghum and cassava meal). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hayad libitumand supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate. In 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as fumarate concentration increased from 0 to 10 mm. Propionate and acetate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of fumarate. In contrast,l-lactate and NH3-N concentrations in the cultures were not affected (P>0·05) by the addition of fumarate. For all substrates, fumarate treatment decreased (P<0·05) CH4production, the mean values of the decrease being 2·3, 3·8 and 4·8 % for concentrations of 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate respectively. Addition of fumarate did not affect (P>0·05) the total gas production. If the results of the present experiment are confirmedin vivo, fumarate could be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH, acetate and propionate production and it decreased CH4production.

scholarly journals Effects of disodium fumarate onin vitrorumen microbial growth, methane production and fermentation of diets differing in their forage:concentrate ratio

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. García-Martínez ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
M. L. Tejido ◽  
M. D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio

The effects of disodium fumarate on microbial growth, CH4production and fermentation of three diets differing in their forage content (800, 500 and 200 g/kg DM) by rumen micro-organismsin vitrowere studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mm-fumarate, and15N was used as a microbial marker. Gas production was measured at regular intervals from 0 to 120 h of incubation. Fumarate did not affect (P>0·05) any of the measured gas production parameters. In 17 h incubations, the final pH and the production of acetate and propionate were increased linearly (P<0·001) by the addition of fumarate. Fumarate tended to increase (P=0·076) the organic matter disappearance of the diets and to decrease (P=0·079) the amount of NH3-N in the cultures. Adding fumarate to batch cultures tended (P=0·099) to decrease CH4production, the mean values of the decrease being 5·4 %, 2·9 % and 3·8 % for the high-, medium- and low-forage diet, respectively. Fumarate tended to increase (P=0·082) rumen microbial growth for the high-forage diet, but no differences (P>0·05) were observed for the other two diets. These results indicate that the effects of fumarate on rumen fermentation depend on the nature of the incubated substrate, the high-forage diet showing the greatest response.

In vitromicrobial growth and rumen fermentation of different substrates as affected by the addition of disodium malate

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Tejido ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
R. García-Martínez ◽  
M. D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Microbial N

AbstractThe effects of two concentrations of disodium malate on thein vitrofermentation of three substrates differing in their forage: concentrate ratio (0·8: 0·2, 0·5: 0·5 and 0·2: 0·8; g/g dry matter; low-, medium- and high-concentrate substrates, respectively) by rumen micro-organisms were studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep offered lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented daily with 400 g concentrate. Disodium malate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l malate and15N was used as a microbial marker. Gas production was measured at regular intervals from 0 to 120 h of incubation to study fermentation kinetics. When gas production values were corrected for gas released from added malate, no effects (P> 0·05) of malate were detected for any of the estimated gas production parameters. In 17-h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were increased (P< 0·001) by the addition of malate, but no changes (P> 0·05) were detected in the final amounts of ammonia-N and lactate. When net VFA productions were corrected for the amount of VFA produced from malate fermentation itself, adding malate did not affect (P> 0·05) the production of acetate, propionate and total VFA. Malate reduced methane (CH4) production by proportionately 0·058, 0·013 and 0·054 for the low-, medium- and high-concentrate substrates, respectively. Adding malate to batch cultures increased (P< 0·01) rumen microbial growth (mean values of 16·6, 18·3 and 18·4 mg of microbial N for malate at 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l, respectively), but did not affect (P> 0·05) its efficiency of growth (55·5, 56·7 and 54·3 mg of microbial N per g of organic matter apparently fermented for malate at 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l, respectively). There were no interactions (P> 0·05) malate × substrate for any of the measured variables, and no differences (P> 0·05) in pH, CH4production and microbial growth were found between malate at 4 and 8 mmol/l. The results indicate that malate had a beneficial effect on in vitro rumen fermentation of substrates by increasing VFA production and microbial growth, and that only subtle differences in the effects of malate were observed between substrates. Most of the observed effects, however, seem to be due to fermentation of malate itself.

Use of a deletion approach to assess the amino acid requirements for optimum fermentation by mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Atasoglu ◽  
A.Y. Guliye ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAmino acids stimulate the growth rate and growth yield of ruminal micro-organisms, but the basis of this stimulation, in terms of amino acids which most limit growth, has never been fully established. Here, for the first time, a deletion approach was investigated using in vitro incubations of mixed ruminal micro-organisms supplied with a mixture of xylose, starch and cellobiose as energy sources and ammonia plus a complete amino acids mixture or mixtures with a single amino acid omitted as nitrogen sources, enabling the evaluation of the impact on ruminal fermentation of the deletion of a single amino acid from a complete amino acids mixture. Significant effects (P < 0·05) on total gas production were observed after 10 h of incubation when glutamate, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan or tyrosine were deleted from the amino acids mixture. The only significant effect of an amino acid deletion on volatile fatty acid production at 10 h was with serine (P < 0·05), although the effect of omitting others, including arginine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine, approached significance (P < 0·01). The removal of leucine caused a 0·09 decrease in growth yield (P < 0·05); no other deletion affected the yield significantly (P > 0·05). Net gas production for each treatment was calculated by subtracting gas production in the absence of carbohydrates from gas production in their presence, thus eliminating gas production from amino acids from the values. At all times up to 10 h, the most significant effects on net gas production were found when serine, leucine, or the aromatic amino acids were omitted from the amino acids mixture. Thus, the deletion approach confirmed that no single amino acid limits ruminal fermentation more than any other, although a few, principally phenylalanine, leucine and serine, have a particularly significant rôle in the ruminal fermentation rate of soluble, rapidly degraded materials and/or microbial growth efficiency.

Effect of melamine onin vitrorumen microbial growth, methane production and fermentation of Chinese wild rye hay and maize meal in binary mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. YANG ◽  
H. ZHUANG ◽  
X. K. MENG ◽  
D. F. ZHANG ◽  
B. H. CAO
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
High Forage

SUMMARYThe effects of melamine on gas production (GP) kinetics, methane (CH4) production and fermentation of diets differing in forage content (low-forage (LF) diet: 200 g/kg and high-forage (HF) diet: 800 g/kg) by rumen micro-organismsin vitrowere studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from three Simmental×Luxi crossbred beef cattle. Melamine was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentration of 0 (control), 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 and 484 mg/kg of each diet. Cumulative GP was continuously measured in an automated gas recording instrument during 72 h of incubation, while fermentation gas end-products were collected to determine molar proportions of carbon dioxide (CO2), CH4and hydrogen gas (H2) in manually operated batch cultures. Differences in GP kinetics and fermentation gases were observed in response to the nature of the diets incubated. Although melamine addition did not affect GP kinetics and fermentation gas pattern compared to the control, the increase of melamine addition stimulated the yield of CH4by decreasing CO2, especially during the fermentation of the HF diet. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (N), amino acid N and microbial N in culture fluids were greater in the fermentation of LF- than HF diets, and these concentrations were increased by the increase of melamine addition after 72-h fermentation. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were greater in HF than LF diets. The addition of melamine decreased total VFA concentrations and this response was greater in HF than LF diet fermentations. Melamine addition did not affect molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, propionate and valerate compared with the control; however, branched-chain VFA production, which was lower in the HF than the LF diet, was increased by the melamine addition, especially in the HF diet fermentation. The ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic acids was lower in the HF than the LF diet, but it was not affected by melamine addition. In brief, the greater reduction in the rate and extent of rumen fermentation found for the HF diet in comparison with the LF diet suggested that rumen fermentation rate and extentin vitrodepended mainly on the nature of the incubated substrate, and that they could be further inhibited by the increase of melamine addition.

scholarly journals PSII-16 Effect of red osier dogwood extract on in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics of high-grain diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 403-404
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
W M S Gomaa ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
E J McGeough ◽  
Kim Ominski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is an abundant native shrub plant in Canada and rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ROD extract supplementation on gas production (GP), DM disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures with varying media pH. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 inclusion levels of ROD extract (0, 1, 3 and 5% of substrate) × 2 media pH (5.8 and 6.5) in a factorial arrangement. Substrate was a high-grain diet (HG) containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley-based concentrate mix (DM basis). Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate (0.5 g DM) ground through a 1-mm sieve was incubated for 24 h in 3 replications including each combination of treatments. There was no interaction between media pH and inclusion level of ROD on GP, DMD and fermentation variables. Increased media pH (5.8 vs 6.5) increased (P &lt; 0.01) GP (averaged 198 vs. 389 ml/g substrate), DMD (averaged 51.3 vs. 64.6%), and total volatile fatty acid production (averaged 74 vs. 83 mM). Increasing addition of ROD extract did not affect GP, but linearly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased DMD from 56 to 46% at pH 5.8 and from 69 to 61% at pH 6.5. Increasing ROD extract linearly (P &lt; 0.01) increased the proportion of acetate from 43 to 47% and 47 to 50% at pH 5.8 and 6.5, respectively. Acetate to propionate ratio increased from 1.68 to 1.93 and from 1.90 to 2.10 at pH 5.8 and 6.5, respectively. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased acetate to propionate ratio with addition of ROD extract suggests ROD extract may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on Cancer

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Dachev ◽  
Jana Bryndová ◽  
Milan Jakubek ◽  
Zdeněk Moučka ◽  
Marian Urban
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
True Value ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Cancer Agent

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.

scholarly journals Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Matthias Schilde ◽  
Dirk von Soosten ◽  
Liane Hüther ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose–response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p < 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p < 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p < 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.

The need to complement in vitro gas production measurements with residue determinations from in sacco degradabilities to improve the prediction of voluntary intake of hays

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blümmel ◽  
P. Bullerdieck
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Residue Determination ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
In Sacco Degradability ◽  
In Sacco

AbstractThe need to complement in vitro gas production measurements with residue determination is demonstrated by the recalculation and reassessment of published data on in vitro gas production, in sacco degradabilities and voluntary dry matter intake (DMI). The in sacco degradability — gas volume ratio was determined at 24 and 48 h of incubation, termed partitioning factor (PF) and combined with rate and extent parameters of in sacco degradability and in vitro gas production to predict DMI. In vitro gas production and in sacco degradability characteristics (a + b) and c as described by the equation y = a + b(1−ect) explained 0·373 and 0·668 respectively of the variation in DMI of 19 legume and grass hays. The complementation of gas production parameters by the PF24 increased the R2 value to 0·744 with PF24 accounting for 0·407 of the variation in DMI, the rate of gas production (c) for 0·218 and the extent of gas production (a + b) for 0·119 of the variation in DMI. As a single parameter, PF48 showed the highest correlation (R2 = 0·597) with DMI but the combination of PF4S with rate and extent of in sacco or in vitro gas production measurements did not improve the correlation further, probably due to an intercorrelation between rates of fermentation and PF4S. Hays which were degraded at faster rates had higher PF values indicating proportionally higher microbial yield and lower short-chain fatty acid production per unit substrate degraded. Generally, hays with high in sacco degradabilities but proportionally low gas production i.e. hays with high PF values showed higher DMI.

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