scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with vitamin E modulates avian intestinal immunity

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy I. Muir ◽  
Alan J. Husband ◽  
Wayne L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
The Impact

The effect of dietary vitamin E on immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody production, which acts as the first line of defence at the intestinal mucosa, has not been evaluated in chickens. In the present study the impact of the inclusion of supplementary levels of vitamin E to the diet, on total and antigen-specific IgA antibody titres, T-cell subsets and Ia+ cells, was assessed. From hatching, chickens received a maize-based diet which was supplemented with either 25, 250, 2500 or 5000 mg dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg. Primary immunisation with tetanus toxoid (T. toxoid) emulsified in a vegetable oil-in-water adjuvant was administered by the intraperitoneal route at 21 d of age. At 35 d of age all birds received an oral booster vaccination of T. toxoid. Significantly higher total IgA antibody titres were present in the day 42 intestinal scrapings of birds receiving the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E-supplemented diet (VESD) (P=0·05) and a notable increase was observed in birds receiving the 250 mg/kg VESD (P=0·06). At days 21 and 42 total serum IgA antibody titres of birds receiving the 250 mg/kg VESD was significantly higher (P<0·05) than the control birds. Following immunisation with T. toxoid, birds receiving the 250 and the 5000 mg/kg VESD had elevated anti-T. toxoid IgA antibody titres in final day intestinal scrapings, which, for the latter group was statistically significant (P=0·02). Both of these groups also demonstrated increased titres of anti-T. toxoid IgA in the serum at day 42. Birds receiving the 250 mg/kg VESD exhibited a notable increase in the percentage of T-helper cells and Ia+ cells in peripheral blood on day 26. The results illustrate the potential for some levels of dietary vitamin E supplementation to act as an immunomodulator of total and antigen-specific IgA antibody.

scholarly journals High throughput profiling of tocochromanols in leaves and seeds of Arabidopsis and Maize

Plant Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bao ◽  
Maria Magallenes-Lundback ◽  
Nicholas Deason ◽  
Dean DellaPenna
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Light ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tocochromanols are a group of lipid-soluble antioxidants produced by all plants and include the tocopherols, which are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and the biosynthetically-related compounds tocotrienols, which along with tocopherols commonly occur in seed of monocots. Most tocochromanols have some level of vitamin E activity, with α-tocopherol being the highest, and as such are essential nutrients in the human diet. Tocochromanols are particularly abundant in seeds and are critical for maintaining seed longevity and proper germination and as seed oils are a major component of the human diet, they are an important source of dietary vitamin E. In vegetative tissues, tocochromanols are important components in plant responses to stressful environments and can accumulate to high levels in response to various stresses including high light, heat, and dark. Results We report a robust, high throughput extraction and HPLC analysis method to quantify the levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols in leaves and seeds of plants, using Arabidopsis and maize tissues as examples. Conclusion The described method provides a rapid, high-throughput, cost-effective approach to quantifying the composition and content of tocopherols, and if needed simultaneously tocotrienols, in vegetative tissues and seeds. Optimized extraction methods are described for the two tissue types and have been used to study tocochromanol (vitamin E) natural variation in seed of large Arabidopsis and maize diversity panels, to assess gene function in T-DNA and Mu-tagged populations of Arabidopsis and maize, respectfully, and study the impact of environmental stresses, including high light stress, heat stress, and dark on tocopherols content and composition of vegetative tissue.

scholarly journals Persistence of Antibody After a Vi-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine and Effect of Boosting With a Plain Polysaccharide Vaccine on Vi Antibody and Antigen-Specific B Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bentley ◽  
Elizabeth Jones ◽  
Celina Jin ◽  
Maria Moore ◽  
Jonathon Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

BackgroundSalmonella enterica serovar Typhi is estimated to cause 9 to 13 million cases of typhoid fever annually. Typhoid conjugate vaccines represent a promising prophylactic measure to prevent disease, but there are few data assessing persistence of immunity. The effect of a Vi polysaccharide booster vaccine in individuals previously vaccinated with the Vi-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine has not been assessed previously.MethodsThirty five healthy adult volunteers received a single dose of the Vi conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT) and 37 received a single dose of Vi polysaccharide vaccine (Vi-PS) prior to oral challenge with live S. Typhi bacteria as part of a randomised controlled, phase 2b study. In addition to data previously published showing persistence of Vi IgG and IgA antibodies for 7 months after Vi vaccination, titres were measured at intervals until 13 months post-vaccination. Ten participants who received Vi-TT (both challenged and unchallenged) were re-vaccinated with Vi-PS at an interval of 19-23 months post-prime. Anti-Vi IgG and IgA titres, and Vi-specific antibody secreting cells and memory B cells were measured at seven days and one month post-boost.FindingsVi IgG and IgA antibody titres remained significantly elevated above baseline levels 13 months after priming with Vi-TT, with a 4-fold rise retained in 90% and 88% of recipients (Vi IgG and IgA, respectively). Anti-Vi IgG and IgA antibody titres were found to persist at higher levels in participants who received a single dose of Vi-TT than in those who received Vi-PS. No significant boost in Vi-antibody titre was observed in response to oral challenge with S. Typhi bacteria, one month after vaccination. Following a Vi-PS booster vaccination in those previously vaccinated with Vi-TT, anti-Vi IgG and IgA titres were significantly elevated, with similar titres observed at one month post-boost compared with one month after primary vaccination. The frequency of Vi-specific IgA antibody secreting cells increased significantly 7 days post-boost compared with pre-boost. No memory B cell response was observed following Vi-PS booster vaccination.InterpretationStrong persistence of anti-Vi IgG and IgA following Vi-TT vaccination suggests that the conjugate vaccine may offer durable protection, supporting its use in endemic settings.

Trends in Dietary Intake of Vitamins A, C, and E in German Children and Adolescents – Results of the DONALD Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Impact

Intake of vitamins A, C, and E was evaluated and age and time trends were assessed on the basis of 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 5121) of 2- to 18-year old boys (n = 417) and girls (n = 425) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) 1986–2001. Intake of vitamin A remains stable over time, intake of vitamin C increases linearly, and intake of vitamin E follows a nonlinear trend. Age trends of vitamins A and C (per MJ) were nonlinear with a minimum at the beginning adolescence, while intake of vitamin E (per MJ) increased linearly. Girls had higher nutrient densities but lower intakes expressed as percent of reference values. Fortified food in total had a higher impact on time trends of nutrient intake than other single food groups defined here. Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

Alpha Tocopherol Loaded in Liposome: Preparation, Optimization, Characterization and Sperm Motility Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Taouzinet ◽  
Sofiane Fatmi ◽  
Allaeddine Khellouf ◽  
Mohamed Skiba ◽  
Mokrane Iguer-ouada
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Liposome Preparation ◽  
Liposome Size ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
The Impact

Background: Alpha-tocopherol is a potent antioxidant involved in sperm protection particularly during cryopreservation. However, its poor solubility limits the optimal protection in aqueous solutions. Objective: The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of α-tocopherol by the use of liposomes. Methods: The experimental approach consisted to load vitamin E in liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method and the optimization carried out by an experimental design. The optimum solution was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscope. Finely, the impact on sperm motility protection was studied by the freezing technic of bovine sperm. Results: The optimum solution was obtained when using 10.9 mg/ml of phospholipids, 1.7 mg/ml of cholesterol and 2 mg/ml of vitamin E. The liposome size was 99.86 nm, providing 78.47% of loaded efficiency. The results showed also a significant positive impact on sperm motility after hours of preservation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current results showed the interest of liposome preparation as an alternative to enhance vitamin E solubility and to protect spermatozoa during cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Natural Infection of Dairy Cows with Bovine Leukemia Virus Affects Immunoglobulin Levels in Saliva and Serum but Not Milk

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Monika Dziuba ◽  
Vickie J. Ruggiero ◽  
Catherine Wilson ◽  
Paul C. Bartlett ◽  
Paul M. Coussens
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Retroviral Infection ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
The Impact

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retroviral infection that disrupts the immune function of infected animals. It is widespread among U.S. dairy cattle. In this pilot study, the average total IgA and IgM concentrations in milk, saliva, and serum samples from BLV ELISA-positive (ELISA+) dairy cows were compared against samples from BLV ELISA-negative (ELISA−) cows using the Kruskal–Wallis test (with ties). The results from ELISA+ cows were also stratified by lymphocyte count (LC) and proviral load (PVL). In milk and saliva from ELISA+ cows, the average total IgA and IgM concentrations were decreased compared to ELISA− cows, although this was only statistically significant for saliva IgM in cows with low PVL (p = 0.0424). Numerically, the average total IgA concentrations were 33.6% lower in milk and 23.7% lower in saliva, and the average total IgM concentrations were 42.4% lower in milk and 15.5% lower in saliva. No significant differences were observed in the total serum IgA concentrations, regardless of PVL and LC. The total serum IgM from ELISA+ cows was significantly decreased (p = 0.0223), with the largest decreases occurring in the highest PVL and LC subgroups. This pilot study is a first step in investigating the impact of BLV on mucosal immunity and will require further exploration in each of the various stages of disease progression.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in a healthy Irish adult population

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Frank J. Monahan ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Mike J. Gibney ◽  
Eileen R. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E

Vitamin E is believed to play a preventive role in diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aims of the present study were to quantify vitamin E intake levels and plasma concentrations and to assess dietary vitamin E adequacy in Irish adults. Intake data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey were used; plasma samples were obtained from a representative cohort of survey participants. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were measured by HPLC. The main sources of vitamin E in the diet were ‘butter, spreadable fats and oils’ and ‘vegetables and vegetable dishes’. When vitamin E intake from supplements was taken into account, supplements were found to be the main contributor, making a contribution of 29·2 % to vitamin E intake in the total population. Supplement consumers had significantly higher plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and lower plasma γ-tocopherol concentrations when compared with non-consumers. Consumers of ‘vitamin E’ supplements had significantly higher vitamin E intake levels and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations compared with consumers of other types of supplements, such as multivitamin and fish oil. Comparison with the Institute of Medicine Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d indicated that when vitamin E intake from food and supplement sources was taken into account, 100 % of the study participants achieved the recommended intake levels. When vitamin E intake from food sources was taken into account, only 68·4 % of the females were found to achieve the recommended intake levels compared with 99·2 % of the males. The results of the present study show that dietary vitamin E intake has a significant effect on plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations. Furthermore, they show that the consumption of supplements is a major contributor to overall intake and has a significant effect on plasma vitamin E concentrations in the Irish population.

The distribution of dietary vitamin E in the muscles of the porcine carcass

Meat Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. O'Sullivan ◽  
J.P. Kerry ◽  
D.J. Buckley ◽  
P.B. Lynch ◽  
P.A. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Vitamin

scholarly journals Dietary Vitamin E Levels Affect Outcome of Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Stroke ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. van der Worp ◽  
P.R. Bär ◽  
L. J. Kappelle ◽  
D. J. de Wildt
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Dietary Vitamin
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