scholarly journals Pancreatic islet insulin secretion and metabolism in adult rats malnourished during neonatal life

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco B. Barbosa ◽  
Kirsten Capito ◽  
Hans Kofod ◽  
Peter Thams
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Group

Pancreatic islets were isolated from rats that had been nursed by dams fed with a control or an 8·7 % protein diet during the first 12 d of the lactation period. Glucose-induced insulin secretion from islets in the 8·7 % protein group was reduced 50 %. The islet insulin and DNA content were similar, whereas the pancreatic insulin content was reduced by 30 % in the rats fed 8·7 % protein. In order to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the attenuation of insulin secretion, measurements were performed of the activity of several islet enzymes that had previously been supposed to be involved in the coupling of glucose stimulation to insulin secretion. Islet glucose oxidation was unaffected, but glucose-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol was reduced by one-third in the islets of rats fed 8·7 % protein. The activity of mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was similar in islets of rats fed the 8·7 % protein diet and those fed the control diet. The activity of Ca-independent phospholipase A2was increased fourfold in the islets of rats fed 8·7 % protein. It is concluded that impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in rats fed a low-protein diet may be caused by attenuation of islet phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, and it is tentatively suggested that the increased activity of Ca-independent phospholipase A2in islets of rats fed a low-protein diet may participate in the stimulation of apoptosis.

Nutritional recovery from a low-protein diet during pregnancy does not restore the kinetics of insulin secretion and Ca2+ or alterations in the cAMP/PKA and PLC/PKC pathways in islets from adult rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1257-1267
Author(s):  
Leonardo Marin ◽  
Hellen Barbosa Faria Silva ◽  
Gabriela Damin ◽  
Letícia Martins Ignacio-Souza ◽  
Sílvia Regina de Lima Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Kinetics Of

We investigated the insulin release induced by glucose, the Ca2+ oscillatory pattern, and the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) pathways in islets from adult rats that were reared under diets with 17% protein (C) or 6% protein (LP) during gestation, suckling, and after weaning and in rats receiving diets with 6% protein during gestation and 17% protein after birth (R). First-phase glucose-induced insulin secretion was reduced in LP and R islets, and the second phase was partially restored in the R group. Glucose stimulation did not modify intracellular Ca2+ concentration, but it reduced the Ca2+ oscillatory frequency in the R group compared with the C group. Intracellular cAMP concentration was higher and PKA-Cα expression was lower in the R and LP groups compared with the C group. The PKCα content in islets from R rats was lower than that in C and LP rats. Thus, nutritional recovery from a low-protein diet during fetal life did not repair the kinetics of insulin release, impaired Ca2+ handling, and altered the cAMP/PKA and PLC/PKC pathways.

scholarly journals Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Lubaczeuski ◽  
Luciana Mateus Gonçalves ◽  
Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi ◽  
Mirian Ayumi Kurauti ◽  
Junia Carolina Santos-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Low Protein

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.

Green tea extract intake during lactation modified cardiac macrophage infiltration and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in weanling rats from undernourished mother during gestation and lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matsumoto ◽  
S. Kataoka ◽  
Y. Mukai ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
S. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Maternal dietary restriction is often associated with cardiovascular disease in offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) intake during lactation on macrophage infiltration, and activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and serine-threonine kinase Akt (Akt) in the hearts of weanlings exposed to maternal dietary protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed control (C) or low-protein diets (LP) throughout gestation. Following delivery, the dams received a control or a GTE-containing control diet during lactation: control diet during gestation and lactation (CC), low-protein diet during gestation and lactation (LPC), low-protein diet during gestation and 0.12% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPL), and low-protein diet during gestation and 0.24% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPH). The female offspring were sacrificed at day 22. Biochemical parameters in the plasma, macrophage infiltration, degree of fibrosis and expression levels of AMPK and Akt were examined. The plasma insulin level increased in LPH compared with LPC. Percentage of the fibrotic areas and the number of macrophages in LPC were higher than those in CC. Conversely, the fibrotic areas and the macrophage number in LPH were smaller (21 and 56%, respectively) than those in LPC. The levels of phosphorylated AMPK in LPL and LPH, and Akt in LPH were greater than those in LPC. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction may induce macrophage infiltration and the decrease of insulin levels. However, GTE intake during lactation may suppress macrophage infiltration and restore insulin secretion function via upregulation of AMPK and insulin signaling in weanlings.

scholarly journals Effect of prenatal programming and postnatal rearing on glomerular filtration rate in adult rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. F411-F419 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Lozano ◽  
Ayah Elmaghrabi ◽  
Jordan Salley ◽  
Khurrum Siddique ◽  
Jyothsna Gattineni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Low Protein

The present study examined whether a prenatal low-protein diet programs a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). In addition, we examined whether altering the postnatal nutritional environment of nursing neonatal rats affected GFR and BP when rats were studied as adults. Pregnant rats were fed a normal (20%) protein diet or a low-protein diet (6%) during the last half of pregnancy until birth, when rats were fed a 20% protein diet. Mature adult rats from the prenatal low-protein group had systolic hypertension and a GFR of 0.38 ± 0.03 versus 0.57 ± 0.05 ml·min−1·100 g body wt−1 in the 20% group ( P < 0.01). In cross-fostering experiments, mothers continued on the same prenatal diet until weaning. Prenatal 6% protein rats cross-fostered to a 20% mother on day 1 of life had a GFR of 0.53 ± 0.05 ml·min−1·100 g body wt−1, which was not different than the 20% group cross-fostered to a different 20% mother (0.45 ± 0.04 ml·min−1·100 g body wt−1). BP in the 6% to 20% group was comparable with the 20% to 20% group. Offspring of rats fed either 20% or 6% protein diets during pregnancy and cross-fostered to a 6% mother had elevated BP but a comparable GFR normalized to body weight as the 20% to 20% control group. Thus, a prenatal low-protein diet causes hypertension and a reduction in GFR in mature adult offspring, which can be modified by postnatal rearing.

Increased NaCl preference of rats fed low-protein diet

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. R1189-R1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okiyama ◽  
K. Torii ◽  
M. G. Tordoff
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Low Protein

Four studies were conducted to assess the effect of a low-protein diet on NaCl intake. Young rats fed either control (20% casein) or low-protein (5% casein) high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet were allowed to drink either water alone or water and 300 mM NaCl. Relative to rats fed control diet, rats fed the low-protein diet progressively increased NaCl intake so that, despite lower food and water intakes, they drank 180% more NaCl during the last 3 days of the 21-day test. Additional studies found that rats fed low-protein diet always maintained positive sodium balance, were neither sodium depleted nor hypovolemic, and had normal plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations. The elevated NaCl intake was not secondary to calcium deficiency and was unaffected by mineral supplementation of the protein-deficient diet. Increases in the diet's CH and/or fat content incidental to decreases in its protein content influenced, but could not completely account for, the effect of protein deficiency on NaCl intake. We conclude that protein deficiency is the primary cause of the elevated NaCl preference produced by being fed a low-protein diet and that a novel physiological mechanism underlies this behavior.

Development of β-cell mass in fetuses of rats deprived of protein and/or energy in last trimester of pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. R623-R630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bertin ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Gangnerau ◽  
Georges Bellon ◽  
Danièle Bailbé ◽  
Annick Arbelot De Vacqueur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Low Protein

Fetal malnutrition is now proposed as a risk factor of later obesity and type II diabetes. We previously analyzed the long-term impact of reduced protein and/or energy intake strictly limited to the last week of pregnancy in Wistar rats. Three protocols of gestational malnutrition were used: 1) low-protein isocaloric diet (5 instead of 15%) with pair feeding to the mothers receiving the control diet, 2) restricted diet (50% of control diet), and 3) low protein-restricted diet (50% of low-protein diet). Only isolated protein restriction induced a long-term β-cell mass decrease. In the present study, we used the same protocols of food restriction to analyze their short-term impact (on day 21.5 of pregnancy) on β-cell mass development. A 50% β-cell mass decrease was present in the three restricted groups, but low-protein diet, either associated or not to energy restriction, increased fetal β-cell insulin content. Among all the parameters analyzed to further explain our results, we found that the fetal plasma level of taurine was lowered by low-protein diet and was the main predictor of the fetal plasma insulin level ( r = 0.63, P < 0.01). In conclusion, rat fetuses exposed to protein and/or energy restriction during the third part of pregnancy have a similar dramatic decrease in β-cell mass, and their ability to recover β-cell mass development retardation depends on the type of malnutrition used. Moreover, our results support the hypothesis that taurine might play an important role in fetal β-cell mass function.

THE EFFECT OF PARATHION ON THE LIVER AND KIDNEY CARBOXYLESTERASES AND THE PLASMA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASES OF RATS FED NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT DIETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila I. Read ◽  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
W. P. Mckinley
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Female rats were fed diets low in minerals, vitamins, or protein, or a control diet, both alone and supplemented with 10 parts per million (p.p.m.) parathion for 3 weeks. Male and female rats were fed control and tow-vitamin diets both with and without parathion supplementation (0–10 p.p.m.) for 3 weeks. The liver and kidney carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1.), and the plasma acetylcholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.7.) of the male rats, were measured.In the female rats, a low-mineral diet resulted in an increase of carboxylesterases in the liver and kidney; a low-vitamin diet caused a marked increase in liver carboxylesterases but had no effect on the carboxylesterases of the kidney. Parathion at 10 p.p.m. in all diets greatly reduced the liver carboxylesterases but had less effect on kidney carboxylesterases, except in the case of the low-protein diet, for which the reduction was similar to that in the liver. Varying amounts of parathion added to the low-vitamin diet reduced the liver and kidney carboxylesterases, but to a less extent than when added to the control diet.The liver carboxylesterases of male rats were inhibited approximately 50% by 2 p.p.m. parathion in the control diet and by 4 p.p.m. parathion in the low-vitamin diet. However, inhibition of plasma acetylcholinesterase and kidney carboxylesterases was not marked until the 10 p.p.m. parathion level was fed. The acetylcholinesterase activity of the plasma of male rats did not decrease until the level of liver carboxylesterases was very low.

Weanling Rats Exposed to Maternal Low-Protein Diets during Discrete Periods of Gestation Exhibit Differing Severity of Hypertension

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Langley-Evans ◽  
Simon J. M. Welham ◽  
Rachel C. Sherman ◽  
Alan A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Fetal Exposure ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

1. In the rat, hypertension is induced by fetal exposure to maternal low-protein diets. The effect on blood pressure of undernutrition before conception and during discrete periods in early, mid or late pregnancy was assessed using an 18% casein (control) diet and a 9% casein diet to apply mild protein restriction. 2. The offspring of rats fed 9% casein developed raised blood pressure by weaning age. Feeding a low-protein diet before conception was not a prerequisite for programming of hypertension. 3. Hypertension was observed in rats exposed to low protein during the following gestational periods: days 0–7, days 8–14 and days 15–22. Blood pressure increases elicited by these discrete periods of undernutrition were lower than those induced by feeding a low-protein diet throughout pregnancy. The effect in early gestation was significant only in male animals. Post-natal growth of male rats exposed to low-protein diets was accelerated, but kidneys were small in relation to body weight. 4. Biochemical indices of glucocorticoid action in liver, hippocampus, hypothalamus and lung were elevated in rats exposed to low-protein diets in utero. The apparent hypersensitivity to glucocorticoids was primarily associated with undernutrition in mid to late gestation. 5. Plasma renin activity was elevated in rats exposed to 9% casein over days 15–22 of gestation. Animals undernourished over days 0–7 and 8–14 produced pups with lower plasma angiotensin II concentrations at weaning. 6. Fetal exposure to maternal low-protein diets for any period in gestation may programme hypertension in the rat. Alterations to renal structure, renal hormone action or the hypothalamic—pituitary-adrenal axis may all play a role in the programming phenomenon, either independently or in concert.

A Maternal Low-protein Diet during Gestation Induces Hepatic Autophagy-related Gene Expression in a Sex-specific Manner in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Mingzhu Cai ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract This study investigates the mechanism by which maternal protein restriction induces hepatic autophagy-related gene expression in the offspring of rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (C, 18% energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (LP, 8.5% energy from protein) during gestation, followed by the control diet during lactation and post-weaning. Liver tissue was collected from the offspring at postnatal day 38 and divided into four groups according to sex and maternal diet (F-C, F-LP, M-C, and M-LP) for further analysis. Autophagy-related mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to investigate the interactions between transcription factors and autophagy-related genes. Protein levels of p-eIF2a and ATF4 were increased only in the female offspring born to dams fed the LP diet. Correlatively, the mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy-related genes including Map1lc3b, P62/Sqstm1, Becn1, Atg3, Atg7, and Atg10 was significantly greater in the F-LP group than in the F-C group. Furthermore, ChIP results showed greater ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of a set of autophagy-related genes in the F-LP group than in the F-C group. Our data demonstrated that a maternal LP diet transcriptionally programmed hepatic autophagy-related gene expression only in female rat offspring. This transcriptional program involved the activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and intricate regulation by transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.

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