scholarly journals Obesity in African women in the North West Province, South Africa is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases: the THUSA study

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Kruger ◽  
C. S. Venter ◽  
H. H. Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
South African ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
African Women ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between anthropometric measurements and risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD) in South African black women. A cross-sectional sample of 1040 apparently healthy black female volunteers, 15–70 years old, was recruited from thirty-seven randomly selected sites in the North West Province, stratified according to level of urbanisation. We analysed the association between BMI, waist:hip (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and skinfold measurements and the following risk factors for NCD: blood pressure, serum lipids, fasting serum glucose and insulin and plasma fibrinogen, by using age-adjusted correlation analyses and stepwise regression analysis. Of the subjects, 28·6 % were obese (BMI>30). After adjustment for age and smoking status, BMI correlated significantly with diastolic blood pressure (r0·21,P=0·037), serum triacylglycerols (TG) (r0·30,P=0·003), fasting glucose (r0·29,P=0·005) and log fasting insulin (r0·24,P=0·02). There was a significant negative correlation between BMI and HDL-cholesterol (r-0·38,P<0·001). Similar but stronger correlations were found between both WC and WHR and these risk factors. Together with age, WC was a significant predictor of TG, HDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose in regression analysis, while subscapular skinfold was a significant predictor of diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose concentration. Triceps skinfold was a significant predictor of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, plasma fibrinogen and the insulin sensitivity index. Measures of obesity, particularly WC, are associated with the risk for NCD in black South African women, in which a high rate of obesity has been found.

Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors: analysis of three Brazilian birth cohorts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mariane da Silva Dias ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Ana Maria B. Menezes ◽  
Fernando C. Barros ◽  
Fernando C. Wehrmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index

Abstract Evidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. We also evaluated whether offspring BMI was a mediator in this association. The study included mother–offspring pairs from three Pelotas birth cohorts. Offspring cardiometabolic risk factors were collected in the last follow-up of each cohort [mean age (in years) 30.2, 22.6, 10.9]. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic device, cholesterol by using an enzymatic colorimetric method, and glucose from fingertip blood, using a portable glucose meter. In a pooled analysis of the cohorts, multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding. Mediation analysis was conducted using G-computation formula. In the adjusted model, mean systolic blood pressure of offspring from overweight and obese mothers was on average 1.25 (95% CI: 0.45; 2.05) and 2.13 (95% CI: 0.66; 3.59) mmHg higher than that of offspring from normal-weight mothers; for diastolic blood pressure, the means were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.26; 1.34) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.62; 3.59) mmHg higher, respectively. Non-HDL cholesterol was positively associated with maternal BMI, whereas blood glucose was not associated. Mediation analyses showed that offspring BMI explained completely the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and non-HDL cholesterol. Our findings suggest that maternal prepregnancy BMI is positively associated with offspring blood pressure, and blood lipids, and this association is explained by offspring BMI.

scholarly journals Influence of Age at Diagnosis and Time-Dependent Risk Factors on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Forga ◽  
María José Goñi ◽  
Berta Ibáñez ◽  
Koldo Cambra ◽  
Marta García-Mouriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Time Dependent

Aim. To determine the influence of age at onset of type 1 diabetes and of traditional vascular risk factors on the development of diabetic retinopathy, in a cohort of patients who have been followed up after onset.Methods. Observational, retrospective study. The cohort consists of 989 patients who were followed up after diagnosis for a mean of 10.1 (SD: 6.8) years. The influence of age at diagnosis, glycemic control, duration of diabetes, sex, blood pressure, lipids, BMI, and smoking is analyzed using Cox univariate and multivariate models with fixed and time-dependent variables.Results. 135 patients (13.7%) developed diabetic retinopathy. The cumulative incidence was 0.7, 5.9, and 21.8% at 5-, 10-, and 15-year follow-up, respectively. Compared to the group with onset at age <10 years, the risk of retinopathy increased 2.5-, 3-, 3.3-, and 3.7-fold in the groups with onset at 10–14, 15–29, 30–44, and >44 years, respectively. During follow-up we also observed an association between diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c levels, HDL-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion. The rate of diabetic retinopathy is higher in patients who were older at type 1 diabetes diagnosis. In addition, we confirmed the influence of glycemic control, HDL-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure on the occurrence of retinopathy.

Abstract P241: Culinary Herbs and Spices and the Effects on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah E Maxwell ◽  
Kacie M Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Introduction: There is growing attention toward the role of culinary herbs and spices in improving heart health. Bioactive compounds of culinary herbs and spices have been found to exert potential health benefits in people at risk of CVD, but no recent review has been conducted to evaluate the types of herbs and spices and their effects in this population. Objectives: The purpose of the review was to evaluate the effects of culinary herbs and spices on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in adults with risk factors for CVD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using six electronic databases, including Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial and Web of Science in February 2017. Studies including subjects who had associated non-modifiable risk factors (older people >70 y, menopausal women), cardiovascular disease or an associated cardiovascular event (stroke or heart attack) and associated liver or kidney complications or disease, were excluded from the review. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess bias of the included studies. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials, 2 randomized trials, 1 non-randomized trial, 1 randomized crossover trial and 1 single-arm met inclusion criteria. In patients with Type 2 diabetes, Cinnamon at 1-1.5g/d and dichrostahys glomerata (DG), at 0.8g/d showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and LDC-cholesterol and HbA1c and cinnamon showed increased HDL-C while DG showed significant decrease in total cholesterol. Fenugreek at 10g/d doses resulted in significant reductions in fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Nigella satvia (NS) at doses of 1-3g/d showed significant reductions in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and increases in HDL-cholesterol. Ginger at 1-2g/d doses significantly reduced fasting glucose, triglycerides, MDA, Apo B and increase Apo A-1. In obese subjects DG and ginger resulted in significant decreases in TG and DG significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol. In subjects with hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolemia garlic at 5g/d and 20g/d doses resulted in significant decrease in TG, cholesterol and increases in HDL-C and 20g/d doses resulted in significant reductions in FBG. Conclusion: The evidence does suggest that the use of culinary herbs and spices may have beneficial effects on risk factors for CVD. Due to the presence of bias of studies there is insufficient evidence to conclude that culinary herbs and spices have significant benefits on biomarkers for CVD and that higher quality studies are needed in future research.

scholarly journals A study on associations and influence of health determinants on systolic and diastolic blood pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4590
Author(s):  
Sreenivasa V. Yalamanchili
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension among Indian urban educated population and evaluate the association of various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on the development of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Methods: The retrospective study comprised of medical data obtained from 175 individuals who had undergone routine annual medical check-up during the period 2016 -2017. The data was analysed and interpreted using summary statistics, correlations and linear regression analysis. Most of the variables were measured values.Results: Out of 175 reports analysed, 40 (22.9%) individuals comprising of 29 males and 11 females were found to be hypertensives. Isolated systolic hypertension was present in 4 (2.3%) individuals, isolated diastolic hypertension in 26 (14.9%) individuals and in 10 (5.7%) individuals both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was raised. Significant correlations were observed. Multiple linear regression showed significant positive influence of DBP, age and BMI on SBP whereas serum vitamin D level and left ventricular cardiac ejection fraction was negatively influencing SBP (R²=0.638, p=0.000). furthermore, multiple regression analysis with DBP as the dependent variable showed SBP, and serum vitamin D level to be the significant influencing determinants (R²=0.602, p=0.000).Conclusions: The present study on the Influence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on development of SBP and DBP improves knowledge for better preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension Among Fulani Herdsmen in Rural Community of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Shakirat I Bello ◽  
Winifred A Ojieabu ◽  
Ibrahim K Bello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Average Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Almost All

Introduction:Hypertension is progressively becoming more prevalent in Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to assess the risk factors and occurrence of hypertension among Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria.Methodology:A descriptive longitudinal study on hypertension was conducted among Fulani herdsmen residing in rural communities of Ilorin East and Moro Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Nigeria, from the age of 18 years and above. Eight hundred and seventy–two (872) consenting subjects completed a standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight and height were measured and recorded using standard calibrated equipment.Results:Of the 872 herdsmen, 351 (40.3%) were aged 18–30 years and 632 (72.5%) migrated from the North–West zone of Nigeria. Almost all (n=858, 98.4%) of the subjects were ignorant of hypertension. Overweight and obesity were uncommon among the subjects. The occurrence of hypertension was 17.3% with overall average systolic blood pressure (BP) of 128.8±12.3 mmHg and diastolic BP of 84.0±8.0 mmHg. Risk factors of hypertension were types of diet [OR 0.578; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.113–11.418, p< 0.028], smoking habit [OR 5.147; CI: 1.023–25.884, p < 0.017] and age [OR 2.656; CI: 0.682–8.556, p < 0.031].Conclusion: Majority of hypertensive herdsmen were not aware of their status, signifying a high incidence of undiagnosed and un-controlled BP among these subjects. Public health awareness on the risk factors of hypertension is essential to reduce the burden among this population. Further research is also necessary to measure the trends of hypertension among this populationBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2016; 27(2) : 48-54

scholarly journals Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Ge ◽  
Behnam Sadeghirad ◽  
Geoff D C Ball ◽  
Bruno R da Costa ◽  
Christine L Hitchcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Randomised Trials

Abstract Objective To determine the relative effectiveness of dietary macronutrient patterns and popular named diet programmes for weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor improvement among adults who are overweight or obese. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, and CENTRAL from database inception until September 2018, reference lists of eligible trials, and related reviews. Study selection Randomised trials that enrolled adults (≥18 years) who were overweight (body mass index 25-29) or obese (≥30) to a popular named diet or an alternative diet. Outcomes and measures Change in body weight, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and C reactive protein at the six and 12 month follow-up. Review methods Two reviewers independently extracted data on study participants, interventions, and outcomes and assessed risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation) approach. A bayesian framework informed a series of random effects network meta-analyses to estimate the relative effectiveness of the diets. Results 121 eligible trials with 21 942 patients were included and reported on 14 named diets and three control diets. Compared with usual diet, low carbohydrate and low fat diets had a similar effect at six months on weight loss (4.63 v 4.37 kg, both moderate certainty) and reduction in systolic blood pressure (5.14 mm Hg, moderate certainty v 5.05 mm Hg, low certainty) and diastolic blood pressure (3.21 v 2.85 mm Hg, both low certainty). Moderate macronutrient diets resulted in slightly less weight loss and blood pressure reductions. Low carbohydrate diets had less effect than low fat diets and moderate macronutrient diets on reduction in LDL cholesterol (1.01 mg/dL, low certainty v 7.08 mg/dL, moderate certainty v 5.22 mg/dL, moderate certainty, respectively) but an increase in HDL cholesterol (2.31 mg/dL, low certainty), whereas low fat (−1.88 mg/dL, moderate certainty) and moderate macronutrient (−0.89 mg/dL, moderate certainty) did not. Among popular named diets, those with the largest effect on weight reduction and blood pressure in comparison with usual diet were Atkins (weight 5.5 kg, systolic blood pressure 5.1 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 3.3 mm Hg), DASH (3.6 kg, 4.7 mm Hg, 2.9 mm Hg, respectively), and Zone (4.1 kg, 3.5 mm Hg, 2.3 mm Hg, respectively) at six months (all moderate certainty). No diets significantly improved levels of HDL cholesterol or C reactive protein at six months. Overall, weight loss diminished at 12 months among all macronutrient patterns and popular named diets, while the benefits for cardiovascular risk factors of all interventions, except the Mediterranean diet, essentially disappeared. Conclusions Moderate certainty evidence shows that most macronutrient diets, over six months, result in modest weight loss and substantial improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure. At 12 months the effects on weight reduction and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors largely disappear. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42015027929.

Combined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiometabolic risk factors in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Travis John Saunders ◽  
Marie-Ève Mathieu ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
Mark Stephen Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol

The objective of this study was to examine the combined associations between time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and time spent sedentary in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of Canadian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 536 white children aged 8–10 years with at least 1 obese biological parent. Time spent in MVPA and sedentary behaviour over 7 days was measured using accelerometry and participants were stratified by tertiles. Daily screen time over 7 days was also self-reported by the child. Outcomes included waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose concentrations. Analyses of covariance comparing tertiles of sedentary time/MVPA showed that higher levels of MVPA were associated with lower waist circumference, fasting triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, irrespective of sedentary time. In linear regression, MVPA was inversely associated with waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure and positively associated with HDL cholesterol, independent of covariates including sedentary time. In contrast, sedentary time was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure but after adjustment for MVPA the association was no longer statistically significant. Self-reported screen time was positively associated with waist circumference and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol independent of covariates including MVPA. Overall, a high level of MVPA was associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk in this sample of children, regardless of their amount of sedentary behaviour. The type of sedentary behaviour (i.e., screen time) might be more important than overall sedentary time in relation to cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Evaluating Anthropometric Indicators: Which is the Best Marker of Blood Pressure in 10 - 15 Years Old Children?

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
C. UNDERHAY ◽  
J. H. de RIDDER ◽  
H. S. KRUGER ◽  
J. M. van ROOYEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The aim of this study was to determine which anthropometric indicator is the best marker of blood pressure in 10 - 15 year old children. A one-time cross sectional experimental design was used for this study. A total of 605, 10 - 15 year old males and 640 females were recruited from 44 randomly selected schools in the North-West Province, which formed part of the THUSA BANA study during 2000 and 2001. Anthropometric measurements selected, were primarily those described in Norton and Olds (1996). Blood pressure was measured with the Finapres in a non-invasive way. Data analysis was performed using Statistica 2001 (Stat Soft., Inc) for Windows 98. A forward stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to determine which anthropometric indicator is the best marker of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 10 - 15 year old children. According to the results of the discriminant analysis, percentage body fat were the best marker of both high systolic and diastolic blood pressure followed by triceps skinfold and abdomen girth. Prediction models for high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were developed for males and females, using the results of the discriminant analysis. This prediction models had an overall accuracy of 89.25% of predicting high systolic blood pressure and a 90.91% overall accuracy of predicting high diastolic blood pressure.本文旨在探討那些體型特徵是評估少年血壓的最佳指標，共有605男生和640女生年齡由10至15歲參與本研究，作者利用應用統計學方式，嘗試尋找出最理想的指標。

scholarly journals The Effect of Hypothalamic Involvement and Growth Hormone Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A636-A637
Author(s):  
Sang Hee Park ◽  
Hae Woon Jung ◽  
Yun Jeong Lee ◽  
Jung-Eun Cheon ◽  
Young Ah Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Abstract Background: We evaluated cardiovascular risk factors at the time of growth hormone (GH) retesting after completion of linear growth in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP). We also investigated the effects of postoperative hypothalamic involvement (HI) and GH discontinuation during transition period on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Forty-two CP patients (24 males, mean age 17.7 years) who reached final adult height after GH therapy between 1995 and 2012 from a tertiary center were included. We measured anthropometric data and components of the metabolic syndrome at the time of GH retesting. The period of GH discontinuation was classified as &lt; 6 months vs. ≥ 6 months. The extent of HI was categorized into “no”, “mild”, and “extensive” HI according to Puget grading system. Results: The mean age of initial operation after CP diagnosis was 7.5 ± 3.6 years, and 23 (54.8%) patients showed extensive HI. All patients were treated with GH during childhood for median 5.8 years (range 2.4-8.2years). Duration of GH discontinuation was median 1.5 years (range 0.5-3.2 years), and 32 (76.2%) had GH discontinuation ≥ 6 months. At the time of GH retesting, 13 (31.0%) were obese, and the proportion of patients with impaired fasting glucose (≥ 100 mg/dL), high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (male, &lt; 40 mg/dL; female, &lt; 50 mg/dL), and hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85mmHg) was 5 (11.9%), 18 (42.9%), 24 (57.1%), and 5 (11.9%), respectively. When multivariate-adjusted models were constructed including age, sex, postoperative duration, extent of HI, duration of GH discontinuation, and family history of cardiovascular disease, the extent of HI was significantly predictive for increased body mass index z-score (β = 1.27, P = 0.017), fasting insulin levels (β = 7.1, P = 0.049), HOMA-IR (β = 1.61, P = 0.020), and decreased HDL cholesterol levels (β = -9.9, P = 0.012). GH discontinuation more than 6 months was significantly associated with decreased HDL cholesterol levels (β = -10.23, P = 0.026). Conclusion: In this study, impaired fasting glucose or hypertension accounted for one-tenth, and dyslipidemia was detected in more than half of childhood-onset CP patients with GH deficiency at the time of GH retesting. The more extensive HI and the longer duration of GH discontinuation were associated with increased risk of metabolic disturbance during the transition period.

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