scholarly journals Weaning affects lipoprotein lipase activity and gene expression in adipose tissues and in masseter but not in other muscles of the calf

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Hocquette ◽  
Benoît Graulet ◽  
Michel Vermorel ◽  
Dominique Bauchart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Rate Limiting

The nutritional and physiological modifications that occur during the weaning period induce adaptations of tissue metabolism in all mammal species. Among the adaptations due to weaning in ruminants, the regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, one of the rate-limiting steps of fatty acid utilization by tissues, was still unknown. The present study aimed at comparing LPL activity and gene expression in the heart, seven skeletal muscles and three adipose tissue sites between two groups of seven preruminant (PR) or ruminant (R) calves having a similar age (170 d), similar empty body weight (194 kg) at slaughter, and similar net energy intake from birth onwards. Triacylglycerol content of adipose tissues was 16 % lower in R than in PR calves, (P<0·01). This could be partly the result from a lower LPL activity (-57 %, P<0·01). LPL mRNA levels were also lower in R calves (-48 % to -68 %, P<0·01) suggesting a pretranslational regulation of LPL activity. Activity and mRNA levels of LPL did not differ significantly in the heart and skeletal muscles except in the masseter in which LPL activity and mRNA levels were higher (+50 % and +120 % respectively, P<0·01) in the R calves. Regulation of LPL in masseter could be explained by the high contractile activity of this muscle after weaning due to solid food chewing. In conclusion, weaning in the calf affects LPL activity and expression in adipose tissues, but not in skeletal muscles except the masseter.

scholarly journals Postnatal selective suppression of lipoprotein lipase gene expression in brown adipose tissue (relative to the expression of the gene for the uncoupling protein) is not due to adrenergic insensitivity: a possible specific inhibitory effect of colostrum

1996 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Jesus OBREGÓN ◽  
Barbara CANNON ◽  
Jan NEDERGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Selective Suppression ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Lpl Gene

The levels of mRNA coding for the uncoupling protein (UCP) and for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were monitored in the brown adipose tissue of newborn rat pups. At 5 h after birth, the mRNA levels of UCP and LPL were high in pups exposed singly to 28 °C and low in pups kept singly at thermoneutrality (36 °C); in pups staying with the dam, the UCP mRNA levels were intermediate. However, the LPL mRNA levels were lower in pups staying with the dam than in pups at 36 °C, implying that factors additional to environmental temperature influenced LPL gene expression. Injection of noradrenaline into pups at thermoneutrality (36 °C) led to increases in UCP and LPL gene expression, but noradrenaline injections had no further effect in cold-exposed pups. The adrenergic effects were mediated via β-adrenergic receptors. The cold-induced increases in both UCP and LPL gene expression were abolished by the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Thus differences in adrenergic responsiveness could not explain the differential expression of the UCP and LPL genes observed in pups staying with the dam. The presence of a physiological suppressor was examined by feeding single pups at 28 °C with different foods: nothing, water, Intralipid, cow's milk, rat milk and rat colostrum. None of these agents led to suppression of UCP gene expression, but colostrum led to a selective suppression of LPL gene expression. It was concluded that the genes for UCP and LPL were responsive to adrenergic stimuli immediately after birth, and it is suggested that a component of rat colostrum can selectively suppress LPL gene expression.

scholarly journals Comparison of leptin gene expression in different adipose tissues in children and adults

2004 ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Schoof ◽  
A Stuppy ◽  
F Harig ◽  
R Carbon ◽  
T Horbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE: Adipose tissue displays depot-specific metabolic properties and a predominant gene expression of leptin in subcutaneous tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate leptin mRNA expression in various adipose tissues and to relate it to plasma leptin concentrations. Furthermore, developmental changes in leptin gene expression from childhood to adulthood were examined. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thoracic subcutaneous and intrathoracic adipose tissue specimens were obtained in 22 adults (51-81 years) and 23 children (0.1-17 years) undergoing cardiac surgery, and abdominal subcutaneous, omental and mesenterial fat specimens were collected from 21 adults (38-79 years) and 22 children (0.2-17 years) before abdominal surgery. Preoperative plasma leptin concentrations were measured by RIA. Leptin mRNA expression was quantified by TaqMan real-time PCR. RESULTS: In adults, there was no difference between leptin gene expression in subcutaneous and intrathoracic fat, whereas in children leptin mRNA expression was significantly higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In omental fat, leptin mRNA levels were significantly lower compared with subcutaneous and mesenterial sites in both children and adults. Adults revealed a significantly higher leptin gene expression in subcutaneous, omental and mesenterial adipose tissues than children. Subcutaneous and omental leptin gene expression are independent factors for plasma leptin concentrations in children and adults. CONCLUSION: Leptin is differentially expressed at different adipose tissue sites, a situation which is even more pronounced in children. There is a developmental increase in leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue during childhood, reaching maximal capacity in adulthood.

scholarly journals PSXI-27 Association of an increased marbling score by dietary glycerol supplementation with lipid metabolism gene expression in Korean cattle steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 383-384
Author(s):  
Seon Pil Yoo ◽  
Dilla Fassah ◽  
Myunggi Baik ◽  
sang Weon Na ◽  
Inhyuk Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Korean Cattle ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract This study investigated effects of dietary glycerol supplementation on liver, muscle, and adipose gene expression related with gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism and association of gene expression levels with marbling score in Korean cattle steers. Fourteen Korean cattle steers (average age 28.4 months; average body weight 733 kg) were equally assigned to two groups (0 and 5% glycerol supplementation). Glycerol was provided with glycerol (63%)-adsorbed ground wheat bran (37%, DM) by top dressing during roughage feeding. A concentrate (1.2% of body weight) and 1.0 kg of ryegrass were individually fed twice daily. After four months of study, steers were slaughtered, and marbling score was evaluated. Longissimus thoracis (LT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue at the 13th thoracic vertebra area and liver were collected and analyzed for mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical significance was analyzed by analysis of variance. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Glycerol supplementation increased (P = 0.01) marbling score. In the LT, glycerol supplementation tended to increase (0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.10) lipid uptake CD36 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA levels. In subcutaneous adipose tissues, glycerol supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) LPL, adipogenic sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and lipogenic acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA levels and tended to increase (0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.10) CD36, adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARG), and lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression. It did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) mRNA levels of hepatic gluconeogenesis genes. Marbling score showed significant positive correlations (0.57 &lt; r &lt; 0.68; P &lt; 0.05) with mRNA levels of several genes including LPL, PPARG, SREBP1, and ACC in adipose tissues, but not with any genes examined in the LT. Our study demonstrates that lipid uptake, adipogenesis and lipogenesis may mainly contribute to the increased marbling score by glycerol supplementation.

scholarly journals Digestion rate of dietary starch affects the systemic circulation of lipid profiles and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in weaned pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fugui Yin ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
Mingyong Xie ◽  
Ju Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Starch

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of digestion rate of dietary starch on postprandial systemic circulating glucose, insulin and lipid profiles, and the activity and gene expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in weaned pigs. A total of twenty-four weaned pigs, surgically fitted with a catheter in the jugular vein, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups, representing the high digestion rate starch (HDRS) group, the moderate-digestion rate starch (MDRS) group and the low-digestion rate starch (LDRS) group. The amylopectin:amylose ratios in the diets of each group were 27·6:1, 27·6:8·5 and 1:27·6, respectively. The serum concentrations of glucose, TAG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in the HDRS group were increased to the peak point at postprandial 1·5, 2·5, 2·5, 1·5 and 1·5 h, those in the MDRS group were at postprandial 2·5, 3·5, 3·5, 3·5 and 3·5 h and those in the LDRS group were at postprandial 2·5, 3·5, 3·5, 1·5 and 3·5 h, respectively. The serum concentration of insulin in the HDRS group was higher (P < 0·05) than those in the MDRS group, and those in the MDRS group was also higher (P < 0·05) than those in the LDRS group at postprandial 0·5, 1·5 and 2·5 h, respectively. The serum concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the HDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than those in the MDRS group, and those in the MDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than in the LDRS group in each feeding cycle, in turn, respectively. The activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver and abdominal adipose tissues, that of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the myocardium and interscapular brown adipose tissues and that of the ATP-citrate lyase (ATP-CL) in the liver and interscapular brown adipose tissues in pigs of the HDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than that of the MDRS group. The mRNA levels of FAS in the myocardium, liver and interscapular brown adipose tissues of pigs in the HDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than those of the MDRS group. The activities and mRNA levels of FAS, ACC and ATP-CL in the myocardium, liver, abdominal and interscapular brown adipose tissues of the HDRS group were higher than those of the LDRS group. We conclude that the digestion rate of dietary starch affected not only the postprandial systemic circulating levels of glucose and insulin but also the lipid metabolism in weaned pigs. Dietary starch with higher digestion rate produces higher blood glucose and insulin response, ameliorates the blood lipid profiles and up-regulates the activity and gene expression profile of lipid metabolism-related genes in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Adrenergic stimulation of lipoprotein lipase gene expression in rat brown adipocytes differentiated in culture: mediation via β3- and α1-adrenergic receptors

1997 ◽  
Vol 321 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti KUUSELA ◽  
Stefan REHNMARK ◽  
Anders JACOBSSON ◽  
Barbara CANNON ◽  
Jan NEDERGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Lpl Gene

In order to investigate whether the positive effect of adrenergic stimulation on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene expression in brown adipose tissue is a direct effect on the brown adipocytes themselves, the expression of the LPL gene was investigated by measuring LPL mRNA levels in brown adipocytes, isolated as precursors from the brown adipose tissue of rats and grown in culture in a fully defined medium before experimentation. Addition of noradrenaline led to an enhancement of LPL gene expression; the mRNA levels increased as a linear function of time for at least 5 h and were finally approx. 3 times higher than in control cells, an increase commensurate with that seen in vivoin both LPL mRNA levels and LPL activity during physiological stimulation. The increase was dependent on transcription. The effect of noradrenaline showed simple MichaelisŐMenten kinetics with an EC50 of approx. 11 nM. β3-Agonists (BRL-37344 and CGP-12177) could mimic the effect of noradrenaline; the β1-agonist dobutamine and the β2-agonist salbutamol could not; the α1-agonist cirazoline had only a weak effect. The effect of noradrenaline was fully inhibited by the β-antagonist propranolol and was halved by the α1-antagonist prazosin; the α2-antagonist yohimbine was without effect. An increase in LPL mRNA level similar to (but not significantly exceeding) that caused by noradrenaline could also be induced by the cAMP-elevating agents forskolin and cholera toxin, and 8-Br-cAMP also increased LPL mRNA levels. The increase in LPL gene expression was not mediated via an increase in the level of an intermediary proteinaceous factor. It is concluded that the physiologically induced increase in LPL gene expression is a direct effect of noradrenaline on the brown adipocytes themselves, mediated via a dominant β3-adrenergic pathway and an auxillary α1-adrenergic pathway which converge at a regulatory point in transcriptional control.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression in rat liver, intestine and kidney

1993 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Thumelin ◽  
M Forestier ◽  
J Girard ◽  
J P Pegorier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Foetal Life

The tissue-specific expression of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase gene was studied in 15-day-old suckling rats. The mRNA and protein were present in liver, intestine and kidney, but were absent from brain, heart, skeletal muscles, brown and white adipose tissues. Kidney-cortex mitochondria from suckling rats were able to produce low amounts of ketone bodies from oleate. Hepatic, intestinal and renal HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels increased slowly during foetal life and markedly after birth. The postnatal increase in liver HMG-CoA synthase mRNA could be due to the increase in plasma glucagon levels, since it rapidly induced the accumulation of HMG-CoA synthase mRNA in cultured foetal hepatocytes. Hepatic, intestinal and renal HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels remained elevated throughout the suckling period or in rats weaned on to a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet (HF), but decreased by 50% in the liver and totally disappeared from the intestine and the kidney of rats weaned on to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet (HC). When HC-weaned rats were fed on a HF-diet for a week, HMG-CoA synthase mRNA was re-induced in the intestine and the kidney. The role of hormones and nutrients in the regulation of HMG-CoA synthase gene expression is discussed.

Regulation of expression of the lipoprotein lipase gene in brown adipose tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. E500-E506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Mitchell ◽  
A. Jacobsson ◽  
T. G. Kirchgessner ◽  
M. C. Schotz ◽  
B. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Lipase Gene ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Gene ◽  
Brown Adipose

The regulation of lipoprotein lipase gene expression in brown adipose tissue was studied. Rats were preacclimated to 21 degrees C. Exposure to cold (4 degrees C) resulted in a rapid increase in the level of lipoprotein lipase mRNA in the tissue. The level peaked (expressed per microgram total RNA) after approximately 8 h and then slowly declined. The increased lipoprotein lipase mRNA level was not due to an increased stability of the mRNA, but, in a transition event from a high to a low expression of the lipoprotein lipase gene, a transcription-dependent process was recruited that accelerated the breakdown of lipoprotein lipase mRNA. Norepinephrine injections increased lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels in the tissue; this effect was mediated via a beta-adrenergic receptor. The effect of cold could be mimicked by norepinephrine injections, and these two effects were not additive, indicating that the cold effect was mediated by norepinephrine. The lipoprotein lipase mRNA level was also increased by insulin injections (into fasted animals); thus an increase in lipoprotein lipase gene expression in brown adipose tissue may be induced via two different stimuli, which, intracellularly, would be mediated via different signaling systems. In all investigated conditions, the changes in lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels observed here were parallelled by alterations in lipoprotein lipase activity reported earlier from this laboratory. It was therefore concluded that, under the conditions studied, lipoprotein lipase activity in brown adipose tissue was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level.

Myosin heavy chain gene expression in neonatal rat heart cells: effects of [Ca2+]i and contractile activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. C394-C403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Qi ◽  
J. L. Puglisi ◽  
K. L. Byron ◽  
K. Ojamaa ◽  
I. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Luciferase Expression ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mechanical Signals

To determine if mechanical signals or alterations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) affect myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression in spontaneously beating, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, contractile activity was inhibited with verapamil, KCl, or 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), and their acute and chronic effects on myocyte shortening, [Ca2+]i, and MHC gene expression were examined. Despite their differing effects on [Ca2+]i, verapamil, KCl, and BDM all inhibited contractile activity and markedly downregulated beta-MHC mRNA levels to 24 +/- 5, 21 +/- 7, and 6 +/- 2% of contracting cells, respectively. In contrast, these inhibitors of contraction upregulated alpha-MHC mRNA levels to 163 +/- 19, 156 +/- 7, and 198 +/- 20% of contracting cells, respectively. Transient transfection with a rat beta-MHC promoter-luciferase expression plasmid demonstrated that all inhibitors of contraction significantly decreased beta-MHC promoter activity. Paradoxically, contractile arrest also inhibited alpha-MHC promoter activity, suggesting that increased alpha-MHC mRNA levels resulted from posttranscriptional mechanisms. Actinomycin D mRNA stability assays indicated that alpha-MHC mRNA half-life was prolonged in noncontracting cells (33 h) compared with contracting myocytes (14 h). Contraction-dependent alterations in MHC gene expression were not dependent on release of angiotensin II or other growth factors into the culture medium. Thus intrinsic mechanical signals rather than alterations in [Ca2+]i regulate alpha-MHC and beta-MHC gene expression by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.

scholarly journals The relation of omentin gene expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in non-diabetic adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsoon Daneshafrooz ◽  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Maryam Zarkesh ◽  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Background Adipose tissue (AT) is known as a passive reservoir for energy storage and an active endocrine organ responsible for the synthesis of bioactive molecules called adipokines. Omentin is known as an anti-inflammatory adipokine that can modulate insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin mRNA expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in non-diabetic adults. Methods VAT and SAT adipose tissues were collected from 137 adults, aged ≥ 18 years, who were hospitalized for abdominal surgery. Preoperative venous blood samples were taken from the participants before surgery to measure fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride. BMI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B were calculated. Insulin levels were measured with Mercodia kits using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to obtain omentin mRNA expression, real-time PCR was performed. Results Overall, 91 (51.7%) subjects were healthy (without insulin resistance (IR)), and 46 (26.1%) participants were with IR. Fold changes of VAT and SAT omentin expression in IR subjects were 2.32 and 1.30, respectively (P > 0.05). After controlling for age and BMI, linear regression analysis indicated a significant positive association of SAT omentin expression with insulin concentration (β = 0.048; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.088, P = 0.017) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.173; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.323, P = 0.014). Moreover, a negative association of SAT omentin expression with HOMA-B (β=-0.001; 95% CI: 0.002, -0.001, P < 0.001) was observed. Conclusion This study's finding confirms a direct association between IR with omentin mRNA levels in SAT. Besides, the indicator of insulin sensitivity had an inverse association with omentin gene expression in SAT. This aspect of research suggests that omentin secretion from SAT has a strong link with insulin regulation.

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