scholarly journals Coconut fat and serum lipoproteins: effects of partial replacement with unsaturated fats

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi Mendis ◽  
U. Samarajeewa ◽  
R. O. Thattil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Group B

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of reducing saturated fat in the diet, or partly replacing it with unsaturated fat, on the serum lipoprotein profile of human subjects. The study had two intervention periods, 8 weeks (phase 1) and 52 weeks (phase 2). In phase 1, total fat was reduced from 31 to 25 % energy (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA):saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio increased from 0.2 to 0.4) by reducing the quantity of coconut fat (CF) in the diet from 17.8 to 9.3 % energy intake. In phase 2, subjects were randomised to groups A and B. In group A total fat was reduced from 25 to 20 % energy (PUFA:SFA ratio increased from 0.4 to 0.7) by reducing the quantity of CF in the diet from 9.3 to 4.7 % total energy intake. In group B, the saturated fat content in the diet was similar to group A. In addition a test fat (a mixture of soyabean oil and sesame oil, PUFA:monosaturated fatty acids ratio 2) contributed 3.3 % total energy intake and total fat contributed 24 % energy intake (PUFA:SFA ratio increased from 0.7 to 1.1). At the end of phase 1, there was a 7.7 % reduction in cholesterol (95 % CI -3.6, -12.2) and 10.8 % reduction in LDL (95 % CI -4.9, -16.5) and no significant change in HDL and triacylglycerol. At the end of phase 2, the reduction in cholesterol in both groups was only about 4 % (95 % CI -12, 3.2) partly due the concomitant rise in HDL. The reduction in LDL at 52 weeks was significantly higher in group B (group A mean reduction 11 %, 95 % CI -20.1, -2.0 and group B mean reduction 16.2 % 95 % CI -23.5, -8.9). In phase 2, triacylglycerol levels showed a mean reduction of 6.5 % in group 2A and a mean increase of 8.2 % in group 2B. The reduction of saturated fat in the diet is associated with a lipoprotein profile that would be expected to reduce cardiovascular risk. The reduction of dietary saturated fat with partial replacement of unsaturated fat brings about changes in total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol that are associated with a lower cardiovascular risk.

Phase 2 study of parsaclisib (INCB050465) for relapsed or refractory diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (CITADEL-202).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19038-e19038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Coleman ◽  
David Belada ◽  
René-Olivier Casasnovas ◽  
Rémy Gressin ◽  
Hui-Peng Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Btk Inhibitor ◽  
Group B ◽  
General Physical

e19038 Background: Parsaclisib, a potent, highly selective, next-generation PI3Kδ inhibitor, showed preliminary efficacy as monotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including DLBCL (Abstract 410, ASH 2017), in a phase 1/2 study. This phase 2 study further assessed parsaclisib in patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory DLBCL (NCT02998476). Methods: Pts enrolled into 2 groups (A, Bruton tyrosine kinase [BTK] inhibitor naïve; B, BTK inhibitor experienced) and received oral parsaclisib 20 mg QD for 8 wks, then 20 mg QW. In a planned interim futility analysis conducted in the first 40 pts treated in Group A, if ≤13 (≤32.5%) responded by IRC assessment, Group A was to be terminated. Results: At data cutoff (22 Jun 2018), 60 pts (Group A, n = 55; Group B, n = 5) were treated (median age, 71 y [range, 36—94]; men, 63.3%; ≥3 prior systemic therapies, 60%). At the planned interim analysis in Group A, ORR (by PET) was 25% (10/40 pts; 5 CMR, 5 PMR); the futility boundary was crossed. At data cutoff, ORR in Group A was 25.5% (14/55 pts; 8 CMR, 6 PMR); median PFS was 2.2 mo (95% CI: 2.0‒4.1); median DOR was 4.5 mo (95% CI: 2.1‒5.1). ORs were observed in germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes. ORR in Group B was 20% (1/5 pts; 1 CMR). The most common non-hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurring in > 10% of all pts (all grade [Gr]; Gr 3/4) were rash events (21.7%; 1.7%), colitis/diarrhea events (16.7%; 5%), nausea (16.7%; 0%), cough (15%; 0%), and pyrexia (15%; 8.3%). Gr 3/4 AST and ALT elevations occurred in 5% and 1.7% of pts, respectively; Gr 3/4 neutropenia and anemia occurred in 5% of pts each. The most frequent ( > 5%) serious TEAEs were pyrexia (8.3%), general physical health deterioration (6.7%), and hypercalcemia (6.7%). TEAEs led to therapy discontinuation in 7 pts (2 treatment-related), dose interruption in 20 pts (10 treatment-related), and dose reduction in 3 pts (all treatment-related). Median duration of therapy was 57.5 d (range, 11–318). Conclusions: Parsaclisib monotherapy using a QD followed by QW dosing regimen was well tolerated with no new safety signals reported. Further evaluation of parsaclisib in all subtypes of DLBCL is ongoing in a combination study Clinical trial information: NCT02998476.

scholarly journals Proposal for a new therapeutic high dosage of Pidotimod in children with Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: an observational study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Manti ◽  
Federica Filosco ◽  
Giuseppe Fabio Parisi ◽  
Giuseppe Germano Finocchiaro ◽  
Maria Papale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Periodic Fever ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Aphthous Stomatitis ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pfapa Syndrome ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background. Despite to PFAPA syndrome is considered a benign and self-limited condition in childhood its impact on patients and families can be remarkable in many cases. Currently, the therapeutic options for managing are non-specific and no consensus exists about the best treatment to use. Pidotimod has been suggested as a new potential treatment in PFAPA syndrome for its immunodulatory effects. We conducted a preliminary, prospective, controlled, open, cross-over trial to assess the efficacy and the safety of Pidotimod in the treatment of children with PFAPA syndrome.Methods. 22 children with PFAPA syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment with Pidotimod (with 2 vials of 400 mg daily) in combination with betamethasone 0.5-1 mg on need (group A) or betamethasone 0.5-1 mg on need (group B). Each treatment period was for 3 months (Phase 1), after that patients were switched to the other arm for other 3 months (Phase 2). Efficacy was expressed in terms of number of episodes of fever, tonsillitis, and aphthous stomatitis, as well as the additional use of betamethasone on need. Safety and tolerability of the Pidotimod were evaluated on the basis of the number and type of adverse events (AEs) recorded during the treatment.Results. Patients receiving Pidotimod and betametasone showed a significant decrease in frequency of fevers (p = 0.002); number of episodes of tonsillitis (p = 0.049); aphthous stomatitis (p = 0.036) as well as the betamethasone use on need (p = 0.007). Overall, 19/22 (86.4%) showed benefits from Pidotimod administration. The safety profile of Pidotimod was excellent as no serious adverse events have been reported in the treated groups.Conclusions. We firstly showed that high dosage of Pidotimod is an effective and safe to reduce the PFAPA attacks in children.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIETARY CHELATED AND SEQUESTERED ZINC AND ZINC SULFATE ON GROWING LAMBS FED A PURIFIED DIET

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. HO ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Group B

Sixteen crossbred wethers were divided into four groups and fed a purified diet deficient in zinc. The experiment consisted of two phases, each of a 6-wk duration. During phase 1, groups A and B were supplemented with 0 or 50 ppm of zinc, as zinc sulfate, and groups C and D with 5 ppm of zinc in chelated and sequestered form, respectively. In phase 2, the animals received the same supplemental sources of zinc, but the levels fed to groups A, B, C and D were changed to 25, 5, 25 and 25 ppm, respectively. Group A developed typical signs of zinc deficiency as early as wk 3 of phase 1, while group B showed deficiency signs at the end of phase 2. Neither group C nor D showed any overt deficiency signs at any time during the experiment. Both chelated and sequestered zinc at 5 ppm (groups C and D, phase 1) resulted in lowered zinc status, in terms of plasma zinc and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, but rates of feed consumption and weight gain comparable to those of the zinc sufficient animals (group B, phase 1) were maintained. Feeding 25 ppm of supplemental chelated or sequestered zinc to the respective groups after they had received 5 ppm for 6 wk did not result in any marked change in feed consumption or growth trends. Animals fed 25 ppm of chelated or sequestered zinc had less hepatic zinc than those fed the same level of zinc, as the sulfate. In all responses examined, no significant differences were observed between chelated and sequestered zinc.

Pralatrexate and Gemcitabine in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoproliferative Malignancies: Phase 1 Results.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1674-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Horwitz ◽  
Julie M. Vose ◽  
Ranjana Advani ◽  
Kamalesh Sankhala ◽  
Swaminathan Padmanabhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Group A ◽  
Refractory Lymphoma ◽  
Group B

Abstract Abstract 1674 Poster Board I-700 Background Pralatrexate is a new anti-folate with increased affinity for the reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC-1) and longer intracellular retention in tumor cells due to efficient polyglutamation by folylpolyglutamyl synthetase (FPGS). Pralatrexate and gemcitabine each have activity as monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Preclinical data reported synergy for the combination in NHL cell lines and xenografts that was schedule dependent (pralatrexate followed by gemcitabine) (Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:924-932). We initiated a multi-center Phase 1/2a study (PDX-009; NCT00481871) to evaluate this treatment combination. The primary objective of the Phase 1 portion was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and optimal Phase 2 dose and schedule for the combination of pralatrexate and gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Methods Eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed lymphoma, progressive disease after ≥1 prior treatment and ECOG performance score 0-2. Patients in group A (n=7) received pralatrexate on day 1 and gemcitabine on day 2, once weekly for 3/4 wks. Patients in group B (n=10) also received pralatrexate and gemcitabine on sequential days, but were treated only every 2 wks (q2w). Patients in group C (n=17) received pralatrexate followed 1h later by gemcitabine on the same day q2w. All patients received vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation. Prior gemcitabine exposure was permitted. Results As of May 2009, 34 patients were treated in Phase 1, including 24 men (71%), and median age was 63 years (range, 19-81). Histology included 13 patients with B-cell lymphoma, 11 with T/NK-cell lymphoma, 7 with Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 3 with “other” lymphoma. Patients had received a median of 3.5 prior regimens (range 1-11). All patients with once-weekly sequential-day dosing (pralatrexate 10-15 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 300-400 mg/m2) in Group A had dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia; therefore accrual to this schedule was halted and subsequent cohorts received pralatrexate with gemcitabine on the q2w schedule (groups B and C). The MTD with the q2w dosing schedule was pralatrexate/gemcitabine 10/400 mg/m2 when given on sequential days (group B) and 15/600 mg/m2 when given on the same day (group C). The DLTs for group B were cellulitis, pulmonary embolus, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia and the DLTs for Group C were fatigue, hypoxia, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia. Across all groups, the most frequently reported Gr 3-4 pralatrexate-related adverse events were neutropenia (41%), thrombocytopenia (35%), anemia (29%), and leukopenia (12%). Of 33 patients who were evaluable for response, 7 (21%) showed partial response, including patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (4), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (1), and composite diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma (1). Responses were seen in patients treated on the same day as well as the sequential day schedules. Conclusion Treatment with pralatrexate and gemcitabine is feasible, with acceptable toxicity, when administered on a q2w schedule. However, the MTD of each drug is 50% greater when given on the same day as compared to treating on sequential days. Preliminary results show activity of the combination of pralatrexate and gemcitabine in lymphoid malignancies with a 21% response rate in this heavily pretreated population. Phase 2 expansions at the MTD will explore both sequential-day dosing (10/400 mg/m2) and same-day dosing (15/600 mg/m2) in a q2w schedule. Disclosures Horwitz: Allos Therapeutics, Inc: Consultancy, Research Funding. Advani:Allos Therapeutics, Inc: Research Funding. Fruchtman:Allos Therapeutics, Inc.: Employment.

scholarly journals PSVI-3 Dietary supplementation with coated omega-3 fatty acids has positive effects on growth performance and nutrients digestibility in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Woo Jung Seok ◽  
Je min Ahn ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Dexin Dang ◽  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Weaning Pigs

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of coated omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 CFA) by corn cob power silica on performance of weaning pigs. A total of 200 weaned pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc, average initial body weight at 6.97 ± 1.22 kg] were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments in a 6-week experiment in 3 phases as follows: CON, basal diet; 2) 0.3CFA, CON + phase 1(0.3% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.2% n-3CFA), phase 3(0.1% n-3CFA); 3) 0.6CFA, CON + phase 1(0.6% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.4% n-3CFA), phase 3(0.2% n-3CFA); 4) 0.9CFA, CON + phase 1(0.9% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.6% n-3CFA), phase 3 (0.3% n-3CFA). Each treatment had 10 replicates with 5 pigs (three gilts and two barrows) per replicate. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS as a randomized complete block design. Pen served as the experimental unit. Linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial contrasts were used to examine effect of dietary treatment with coated n-3FA in the basal diet. Variability in the data was expressed as the standard error of means and P< 0.05 was considered to statistically significant. Increasing the level of n-3CFA in the diet linearly increased ADG and G/F of pigs (Table 1). Increasing the level of n-3CFA showed a linear increment in the digestibility of DM (83.59, 84.38, 85.13, 85.89 %) whereas nitrogen digestibility (81.79, 82.38, 82.96, 83.64 %) showed a trend (linear effect, p=0.0594) at the end of experiment. The fecal lactobacillus count was increased (7.22, 7.27, 7.33, 7.35 log10cfu/g) with the increase in the supplemental level of n-3CFA (linear effect; p< 0.05). However, there were no differences in the concentration of serum haptoglobin, or fecal E. coli, Clostridium and Salmonella counts despite the increase in n-3CFA levels in the diet. Supplementation of the diet with coated n-3 fatty acids positively affected growth performance and digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen, and enhanced the count of lactobacillus in weaning pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Lysine Cell Mass Supplementation as a Substitute for L-Lysine·HCl on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Blood Profiles in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Hee-Seong Kim ◽  
Sungho Do ◽  
Hong-Jun Kim ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine cell mass (LCM) as an alternative lysine source in diets for weaning pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and blood profiles. In experiment 1, a total of 200 weaning pigs, with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 1.04 kg, were allotted into one of five treatments with four replicates of 10 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0%) with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl (0 to 0.8% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 0.07% for phase 2 diets). The BW and feed intake were recorded at the end of each phase (d 0 to 14 for phase 1, d 14 to 35 for phase 2), and diarrhea incidence was checked daily throughout the experimental period. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of pigs at 2 weeks and 5 weeks to determine the blood profiles of weaning pigs. In experiment 2, a total of 144 weaning pigs with an average BW of 6.44 ± 1.19 kg were allotted into one of six treatments with six replicates of four pigs per pen in RCBD. The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0 to 3.5% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 2.2% for phase 2 diets) with replacement of L-lysine·HCl from 0 to 100%. In experiment 1, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with 0 to 1% LCM did not affect growth performance and diarrhea incidence of pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation from 0 to 1% with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl had no influence on the blood urea nitrogen concentrations, whereas it resulted in a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the serum IgG concentrations for 5 weeks. In experiment 2, increasing the dietary level of LCM with replacement of L-lysine·HCl quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) ADG and G–F ratio for phase 2 and G–F ratio for the overall period such that 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased ADG and G–F ratio of weaning pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation with replacement of L-lysine·HCl tended to decrease linearly (p < 0.10) the diarrhea incidence of weaning pigs for the overall period and linearly decrease (p < 0.05) the serum IgG concentrations for 2 weeks. In conclusion, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM from 0 to 1% had no negative impacts on the growth performance, but 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased the growth performance of weaning pigs. Therefore, LCM could be included in the diets for weaning pigs up to 2.8% and 1.76% for phase 1 and phase 2, respectively, as a substitute for L-lysine·HCl without detrimental effects on the performance of weaning pigs.

scholarly journals “A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Atorvastatin Alone and Atorvastatin with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Combination in Patients with Hyperlipidaemia Attending Tertiary Care Hospital”

2021 ◽  
pp. 482-490
Author(s):  
C. Srinivasa ◽  
K. La Kshminarayan ◽  
V. Srinivas ◽  
B. V. S. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Current treatment with statins has become an integral part of vascular diseases but monotherapy has a significant residual event rate. Due to particularly one of the factor associated with atherogenic lipid phenotype that is characterized by a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and increase in non-HDL cholesterol like Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Omega-3 Fatty acids have demonstrated a preventiverole in primary and, particularly secondary cardiovascular diseases.  Hence this study was planned to compare the efficacy of Atorvastatin alone with Atorvastatin and Omega-3 fatty acids in treatment in hyperlipidaemia patients. Methods: The study was comparative, randomized, and prospective and open labeled conducted in MI patients. A total of 100 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided randomly into two Groups (Group–A and Group-B). Group-A was given Atorvastatin 10mg/day and Group-B was given Atorvastatin 10mg/day and Omega-3 fatty acids 600mg/day for 6 months. Follow up was done every month and efficacy was measured by assessing the lipoprotein levels in serum. Results: The results were compared before treatment and after 6 months treatment.The levels were significantly decreased Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Triglycerides (TG) and HDL levels were increased in Group–A and Group-B. When these results compared between two Groups the HDL levels were increased also it shown high significance (<0.001) but there were no significance changes in other cholesterol levels. Conclusion: The present study results showed that Atorvastatin and Omega-3 fatty acids treatment was more effective than Atorvastatin alone treatment in improving HDL-C levels from base line and it may have a additive effect in major coronary artery diseases.

scholarly journals Impact assessment of the TFA regulation on fatty acid composition of foods in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Varga ◽  
E Sarkadi Nagy ◽  
L Zámbó ◽  
É Illés ◽  
M Bakacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Trans fatty acids are formed during the industrial processing of food, and are proven to be harmful for the human body. They have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, abdominal obesity, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Decree 71/2013. (XI. 20.) of the Ministry of Human Capacities, which has been in force since 2014, defines the highest permitted amount of trans fats in food products placed on the market in Hungary. The impact of the decree on the industrially produced trans fatty acids (iTFA) availability and population intake was assessed in 2017. Results demonstrated that iTFA were replaced by other fatty acids due to the legislation. In 2019, we investigated food groups which had high measured TFA content before the regulation entered into force and compared the total fat and fatty acid profiles to the same brand or similar products being on the market afterwards. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, this was the first assessment to determine to which extent manufacturers increased saturated fat (SFA) content of foodstuffs to reduce iTFA content. In those product groups, which were identified as significant food sources of iTFA before introducing the regulation (biscuits, coffee creamers and flavorings, sweets, bakery products, confectionary, wafers, margarines) we found no significant changes in the total fat content, while in most foodstuffs the average proportion of SFA was higher after reformulation, as iTFA were mainly substituted with SFA in 61% of the products, with cis-MUFA in 25% and cis-PUFA in 14% of the products, respectively. Evidence from this analysis supports concerns that eliminating iTFA in certain foodstuffs leads to unwanted substitution with saturated fat, hence reducing the possible health benefits. Given the high SFA intake and the unfavourable cardiovascular statistics in Hungary, the consumption frequency and portion size control of these products are advised. Key messages Monitoring the changes of food composition is important in order to evaluate the effect of the regulation. Manufacturers should be encouraged to reduce the SFA content to a technologically feasible level.

scholarly journals The confusion about dietary fatty acids recommendations for CHD prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
David R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Methodological Aspects

A recent meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies has not found an association between dietary saturated fat intake and CHD incidence. This funnelled the discussion about the importance of the recommendation to lower the intake of saturated fat for the prevention of CHD. At the same time a document of the European Food Safety Authority has suggested that specific quantitative recommendations are not needed for individual fatty acids but that more general statements can suffice. In this review, we discuss methodological aspects of the absence of association between SFA intake and CHD incidence in prospective cohort studies. We also summarise the results of the controlled dietary experiments on blood lipids and on CHD incidence in which saturated fat was replaced by either cis-unsaturated fat or carbohydrates. Finally, we propose a nutritionally adequate diet with an optimal fatty acid composition for the prevention of CHD in the context of dietary patterns. Such diets are characterised by a low intake of saturated fat, and as low as possible intake of trans-fat and fulfil the requirements for the intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. No recommendation is needed for the intake of cis-MUFA.

Animal fats and human health

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 214-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Total Fat

In 1991 it was recommended that total fat intake in the UK should be reduced to a population average of less that 33% of total daily energy intake and that saturated fatty acids should contribute no more than 10% of total energy (Department of Health, 1991). A further recommendation was that the intake of trans fatty acids should not exceed 2% of total energy. These recommendations were made primarily on the basis of the influence of fatty acids on plasma cholesterol and thereby on the development of cardiovascular disease. While associations of fat intake with other chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have also been suggested, it was felt that there was insufficient evidence to make specific recommendations on the basis of such claims. A reduction in saturated fat intake has remained a central target of public health nutrition within the United Kingdom ever since. Despite concerted efforts, particularly throughout the 1990s., to achieve these targets little progress has been made. In 2000, total fat intake remained at 38% and saturated fatty acid intake at 15% (DEFRA, 2001).

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