scholarly journals Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yen Shiau ◽  
Jia-Fen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
K Concentration

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary K requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Purified diets with eight levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 g/kg diet) of supplemental K were fed to tilapia. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish initially weighing a mean value of 0.77 (SE 0.01) g/fish in a closed, recirculating rearing system. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in fish fed the diets supplemented with 2, 3 and 4 g K/kg diet than in fish fed diet with 10 g K/kg diet and the unsupplemented control diet. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity was highest in fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3 g K/kg diet, followed by fish fed the diet with 5 g K/kg diet and lowest in fish fed the diet with 10 g K/kg diet. Whole-body K content in fish were generally increased as the dietary K supplementation level increased. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain and gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body K retention of the fish indicated that the adequate dietary K concentration for tilapia is about 2–3 g/kg diet.

scholarly journals Dietary sodium requirement determined for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in fresh water and seawater

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yen Shiau ◽  
Li-Shan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Whole Body

Two 8-week feeding trials were conducted to determine the dietary Na requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in fresh water and seawater. In each experiment, NaCl was added to the basal diet at 0, 0·5, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7g Na/kg diet (fresh water) and at 0, 0·2, 0·5, 0·8, 1·2, 1·5, 2, or 3g Na/kg diet (seawater). Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish, individual fish initially weighing 0·69 (se 0·01) g, in a closed, recirculating rearing system. In fresh water, the tilapia fed the diet supplemented with 2g Na/kg diet had significantly (P<0·05) greater weight gain than the fish fed the diets supplemented with ≥3 and ≤0·5g Na/kg diet. Feed efficiency (FE) in fish generally followed the weight-gain pattern. Gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity was highest in the fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3g Na/kg diet, followed by the fish fed the diet with 7g Na/kg diet and lowest in the fish fed the unsupplemented control diet. In seawater, the weight gain, FE and gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity in fish were not affected by the dietary treatment. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain, by broken-line regression of gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body Na retention of the fish reared in fresh water, indicated that the adequate dietary Na concentration for tilapia is about 1·5g/kg diet. The present study also suggests that no dietary Na is required for tilapia reared in seawater.

scholarly journals Lipid requirement of bay snook (Petenia splendida Günther, 1862) juveniles

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-685
Author(s):  
Uriel Rodríguez-Estrada ◽  
Otilio Méndez-Marín ◽  
Alfredo Pérez-Morales ◽  
Rafael Martínez-García ◽  
Emyr Peña-Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Lipid Requirement

This research study is focused on the lipid requirements of Petenia splendida (0.65 ± 0.19 g) juveniles. Fish were fed with trout commercial diet (Silver Cup™ - 45% protein and 16% lipids), as control diet - CD (which is usually used to feed this species at commercial scale), and four isoproteic (45% crude protein) diet formulated with different lipid levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%). Diets were administered for 60 days by triplicate per treatment. Our results showed that fish fed with 10, 15 and 20% lipid levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in average weight and total length. Same treatments were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in terms of FCR compared to those shown in 5% and CD. However, fish fed 20% lipid level, showed a significant decrease in WG and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in FCR compared to those shown in 15% lipid level. Fish fed with 15% showed the highest weight gain and the lowest FCR compared with the rest of the treatments. Lipid efficiency ratio (LER) showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among experimental groups. Compared to other diets containing lipid levels (5, 10, and 20%) fish fed 15% diet recorded the lowest protein and lipid content in whole body. Additionally, based on second order polynomial regression analysis of WG, it was demonstrated that 16.2% lipid provides an optimal growth for P. splendida.

Re-evaluation of the vitamin E requirements of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ✕ O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Shiau ◽  
L. F. Shiau
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Deposition

AbstractA 10-week feeding trial was conducted to re-evaluate the level of dietary vitamin E (DL- α-tocopheryl acetate) that was adequate for juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus ✕ O. aureus given diets containing two dietary lipid concentrations. Purified diets with eight levels of vitamin E (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg/kg diet) at either 50 or 120 g lipid per kg were each given to three replicate groups of tilapia (mean weight: 0·69 (s.e.0·02) g) reared in a closed, recirculating system. Food efficiency and protein deposition were significantly (P < 0·05) higher in fish given 50 mg vitamin E per kg diet and 75 mg/kg diet in the 50 and 120 g lipid per kg groups respectively, compared with fish given the unsupplemented control diet. Mortality of fish was not affected by dietary treatment. Weight gain and liver microsomal ascorbic acid-stimulated lipid peroxidation data analysed by broken-line regression indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin E requirements in juvenile tilapia are 42 to 44 mg vitamin E per kg and 60 to 66 mg vitamin E per kg in 50 and 120 g lipid per kg diets, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium ) as energy source in place of maize in starter broiler production

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C Anyaegbu ◽  
D.N. Onunkwo ◽  
A.C. Ogbonna ◽  
O. Uzoigwe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
The Cost

Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma Sagitifolium), its appropriate utilization for chicken diets may enhance performance of broiler chicken. This studywas therefore carried out to determine the nutritional evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in the diets of starter broilers production. The fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at various levels to determine the best replacement would give optimal performance in starter broilers diets. One hundred and fifty 150 day old Agrited starter broilers were used for this experiment,. The proximate composition of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (FCYM) showed that it contained 19.5% moisture, 1.30% ash, 3.56% Crude protein, 5.30% crude fibre, 1.9% ether extract and 25.48% NFE. In the starter feeding trial, the fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 broilers chicks for four weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into three replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. Parameters measured include initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of production. In the starter feeding trial, the starter broilers on 25% FCYM compared favorably with those on the control diet (P>0.05) in terms of feed intake, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and hence recorded the higher body weight gain. The cost per kg feed produced was N182.50 for the control diet and the lowest was diet 5 (100% FCYM) which was N82.74. The cost of production (cost/kg feed x feed conversion ratio) of starter broilers per kg body weight gain was lowest for diet 5 (100% FCYM) (N158.86), while the costliest was those on the control diet (N383.25). The results of the trial have shown that fermentation of cocoyam tuber meal for 4 days for formulating starter broiler diets was quite an effective method of processing because fermentation reduced the anti-nutrients content. It was concluded that fermented cocoyam tuber meal could be used in the diets of starter broilers up to 25% without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Uso de microalgas como constituyentes parciales del alimento balanceado para engorda de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)//The use of microalgae as partial constituents of growout feeds for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Biotecnia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Ramón Héctor Barraza-Guardado ◽  
Ana María Pérez-Villalba ◽  
Mayra Lizett González-Félix ◽  
José Ahmed Tadeo Ortega-Urbina ◽  
Raúl Muñoz-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Species Analysis

El presente estudio evaluó el uso de las microalgas Arthrospira sp., Chlorella sp., Isochrysis sp. y Nannochloropsis sp. como constituyentes parciales del alimento balanceado para tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) bajo condiciones de cultivo estático en un estudio de 53 días de duración. Un alimento balanceado comercial con contenido de proteína cruda de 45% se utilizó como dieta control, mismo que se molió finamente y se reconstituyó incorporando, a un nivel de inclusión de 25% de la dieta, las harinas de las cuatro especies de microalgas mencionadas. Se analizaron parámetros de producción de tilapia, incluyendo índices de crecimiento y supervivencia, mediante análisis de varianza. Los índices de crecimiento, tales como peso final, peso ganado y porcentaje de peso ganado de los peces alimentados con las microalgas Arthrospira sp. y Chlorella sp., así como la supervivencia, fueron similares a los de aquellos que recibieron la dieta control, mientras que el crecimiento de peces alimentados con las microalgas Isochrysis sp. y Nannochloropsis sp. fue inferior estadísticamente. Estos resultados indican que Arthrospira sp. y Chlorella sp. pueden ser incorporadas a un nivel de 25% del alimento balanceado sin afectar significativamente el crecimiento o la supervivencia de O. niloticus.ABSTRACTIn the present study, the use of the microalgae Arthrospira sp., Chlorella sp., Isochrysis sp., and Nannochloropsis sp., as partial constituents in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was evaluated in static tanks in a 53-day study, with a commercial diet containing 45% crude protein as a control treatment. Then, we replaced 25% of this diet with meals derived from each of the four microalgae species. Analysis of variance was employed to evaluate fish growth performance. Fish fed the diets with the microalgae Arthrospira sp. and Chlorella sp. had growth performance comparable to that of fish fed the control diet, as evaluated by growth parameters, such as final weight, weight gain, and percent weight gain, among others. In contrast, growth of fish receiving the microalgae Isochrysis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. was significantly lower. Results of the present study indicate that the use of 25% of Arthrospira sp. and Chlorella sp. meals incorporated into the diet of O. niloticus does not compromise fish development, although there seems to be an opportunity for a further increment of the replacement level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nutritional value of Leucaena leucophala leaf meal hydrolyzed by sheep rumen liquor enzyme extract on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Indira Fitriliyani
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Feed Protein

<p>This experiment was conducted to evaluatee the nutritional value of <em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> leaf meal (LLM) with supplementation of sheep rumen liquor crude enzyme on the growth of Nile tilapia. Fish were fed isonitrogenous (± 32% crude protein and C/P ± 9.25 ccal/kg) diets for 50 days.  Six diets were  formulated to contain hydrolyzed LLM at level 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (Diet A, B, C, D and E respectively) and one diet acting as a control (Diet K, 0% LLM). All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergy.  A seven week feeding trial was carried out on triplicate groups of eight fish (9.38  ± 0.41) in 18 aquarium with a recirculating system.  Fish were fed twice daily at satiation.  Results of the present study indicated that the fish fed diet contained 0%, 10% and 15% of lamtoro leaf meal had significantly higher in specific growth rate (SGR) than other groups (<em>p</em><0.05).  The amount of feed consumed was no significant different in all groups and have tendency decreasing the amount of feed consumed with the increasing of <em>Leucaena</em> leaf meal hydrolyzed content in the feed. Feed efficiency in treatment 10% LLM has significantly difference with treatment 0, 20, 25, 30% LLM. (<em>p</em><0.05) and there was no significantly difference with treatment 15% LLM in feed.  Protein and fat retentions were not significantly (<em>p</em><0.05) effected by different LLM content in feed.</p> <p>Key words:  Nile tilapia, <em>Leucaena</em> leaf meal, growth, feed effiency</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK<br /> Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi nilai nutrisi tepung daun lamtoro gung <em>Leucaena leucephala</em> terhidrolisi dengan ekstrak enzim cairan rumen domba terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>).  Ikan diberi pakan isonitrogenus (kadar protein ± 32% , C/P ± 9,25 kkal/kg) selama 50 hari.  Enam jenis formulasi pakan dengan tepung daun lamtoro gung tanpa perlakuan dan dengan perlakuan enzim (inkubasi dengan ekstrak enzim dari cairan rumen) dengan kadar 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% dan 0% sebagai kontrol. Pakan uji kemudian diberikan satiasi kepada ikan nila yang dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan kepadatan 8 ekor/akuarium (3 ulangan per perlakuan) dengan bobot awal rata-rata 9,38 ± 0,41g.  Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ikan yang diberi pakan dengan kadar tepung daun lamtoro gung sebanyak 0%, 10%, dan 15% secara siginifikan memiliki laju pertumbuhan spesifik lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lain (<em>p<0,05</em>).  Jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi tidak berbeda nyata untuk semua perlakuan dengan kecenderungan menurun seiring dengan peningkatan kadar daun lamtoro gung dalam pakan.  Efisiensi pakan perlakuan 10 % TDL berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan penggunaan 0, 20, 25 dan 30% TDL (<em>p<0,05</em>) dan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata dengan perlakuan 15% TDL dalam pakan.  Retensi protein dan lemak  nyata (<em>p<0,05</em>)  dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan kandungan TDL dalam pakan.</p> <p>Kata kunci:  Ikan nila, tepung daun lamtoro, pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Partial Substitution of Fishmeal by Crustacean (Callianassa) Meal on the Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Survival Rate of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Sokhna Khady Lo Fall ◽  
Jean Fall ◽  
Abdoulaye Loum ◽  
Mariama Sagne ◽  
Saloum Jatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

The effect of substituting fishmeal with crustacean (Callianassa) meal in the diets of mixed sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry (0.2 g) was evaluated. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 30% CP and 15% CL where fishmeal was substituted with Callianassa meal at 0, 25 and 50% in diets R1, R2 and R3 respectively. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The stocking density was 10 fish per tank in an isolated system and the capacity of each tank was 50L. Each treatment was administered in duplicates and fish were fed three times per day (09h, 13h, and 17h). The daily ration corresponds to 10% of the live weight of the fish during the first 2 weeks and was reduced to 8% and then 6% for the second and last two weeks of the trial period. At the end of the experiment, fish fed on R1 (control) diet and R2 diet (25% fishmeal replacement) had similar final weight (0.62 g), absolute mean weight gain (0.42 g), relative mean weight gain (210 %) and specific growth rate (2.50 %) and were significantly different from the values obtained from those fed on R3 diet (50% fishmeal replacement). R3 diet had the best FCR (1.42) and was significantly different from the values obtained from R1 and R2 diets but the values of the diets were not significantly different. The dry matter content of the initial fish (96.33%) and those of the R1 (94.12%) and R2 (95.71%) diets did not differ significantly but were slightly higher than that of the value obtained from fish fed on R3 diet (91.15). The protein content of the initial fish (49.63%) was significantly lower than the values obtained from fish fed on R3 diet (61.95%), R1 diet (54.74%) and R2 diet (52.59%). The fat content of the initial fish (41.51%) was higher than the values obtained when fish were fed on the experimental diets. Among the tested diets, the higher the crustacean meal in the diet, the lower the fat content of the fish muscle. The fat content of R1 (control) diet (29.56%) was slightly higher than the value of R3 diet (24.44%) and slightly lower than R2 diet (32.56%). It is concluded that crustacean meal can replace 25% of fishmeal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry at 0.2 g without any effect on the growth performances and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth performance of starter broilers fed processed cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as energy source in place of maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
R. J. Nosike ◽  
M. C. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium

Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), its appropriate utilization for chicken diets may enhance performance of starter broilers. The study was therefore, carried out to determine the growth performance of starter broilers fed processed cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in place of maize. Xanthosoma cocoyam corms were harvested, cleaned of soil and chopped into bits of about 0.2 cm. The chopped tannia was soaked in water in a large vat for 24 hours to reduce the ant nutrients and later on separated from the water and dried with microwave oven. The dried cocoyam was milled and then used. The proximate chemical composition showed that soaked cocoyam tuber meal contained 8.05% moisture, 91.95% dry matter, 10.08% ash, 2.01% crude protein, 1.60% ether extract, 3.80% crude fibre, 74.46% NFE and 3158.92Kcal/kg DM metabolizable energy. In the starter broiler experiment, five experimental diets were formulated such that, diet 1 (control) contained yellow maize as the main energy source, while soaked CTM was used to replace maize at levels of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% respectively in the control diet. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 broiler chicks for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was further grouped into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The broiler chicks were kept in deep litter and given feed and water ad libitum. Parameters measured included initial body weight, final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of production. In the starter feeding trial, the group on 30% soaked CTM (30% SCYM) compared favorably with the control group (P<0.05) and recorded the highest body weight gain. It appeared that, the starter broilers could tolerate high levels of soaked CTM in their diets. Cost of production (cost of feed x feed conversion ratio) was lowest for diet 5 (30% SCYM) N248.15 as against N281.86 for control diet in the starter feeding trial. CTM meal can be used to replace maize at 30% in the diets of starter broilers without affecting weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in the study.

scholarly journals Effect of the shrimp farming wastes as co-feed on growth performance and digestibility of juvenile grey mullet, Mugil cephalus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Madrid ◽  
Zohar Ibarra-Zatarain ◽  
Jorge E. Viera-Pérez ◽  
Abelardo Campos-Ezpinoza ◽  
Emilio Peña-Messina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Grey Mullets

AbstractA feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the utilization of residual nutrients from a shrimp farming wastes as co-feed in different proportions in juvenile grey mullets. Four treatments were designed offering shrimp farming wastes at 0, 33, 66, and 100%. The 4 % of feed respecting the total biomass of each experimental tank was offered daily. The total feed ratio was completed with commercial feed for marine fish in the treatments where it was needed. At the end of the feeding trial, final weight, weight gain, relative weight gain, and thermal growth coefficient were reduced in the fish when increasing the amount of SFW as feed. However, the fish showed a digestive capacity to use residual nutrients up to 66 %, increasing their initial weight by up to 25 %. The increase of shrimp farming waste as feed negatively affected the whole-body proximal composition. The digestibility results showed that the fish could digest up to 41 % of the shrimp farming waste protein. Results suggest that juvenile grey mullets are capable of utilizing residual nutrients from shrimp farming waste. However, it is necessary to use an alternative feed source to induce an optimal growth performance for the juvenile grey mullets. It is also recommended that mullets be fed with formulated feed to meet their nutritional requirements to maintain the protein and lipid content of the whole-body under culture conditions.

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