scholarly journals Comparison of oral and intraperitoneal iron supplementation in anaemic rats: a re-evaluation of the mucosal block theory of iron absorption

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Benito ◽  
William House ◽  
Dennis Miller
Keyword(s):  
Test Dose ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Loop Technique ◽  
Oral Supplement

To evaluate the extent to which daily oral Fe supplements may block Fe absorption from a subsequent dose, we compared effects of oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) Fe supplementation on Fe status in anaemic rats (haemoglobin (Hb) 90 g/l). A ligated duodenal loop technique was used to assess the effects of the Fe supplements administered either orally or i.p. at different frequencies on Fe absorption from a subsequent test dose. Anaemic Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to seven groups of eight rats each and received either oral or i.p. Fe supplements for 3 d as follows: (1) 4 mg oral supplement daily (three doses in 3 d); (2) 4 mg oral supplement once (one dose on day 1, low-Fe dose on days 2 and 3); (3) 12mg oral supplement once (one dose on day 1, low-Fe dose on days 2 and 3); (4) 3.2 mg i.p. supplement daily (three doses in 3d); (5) 3.2 mg i.p. supplement once (one dose on day 1); (6) 9.6 mg i.p. supplement once (one dose on day 1); (7) low-Fe diet (control). The effectiveness of the supplements in treating Fe deficiency on each of the two test-factors, i.e. route of administration and frequency of dose, was assessed by determining Hb-Fe gain and liver-Fe stores after the 3 d test period. Oral supplementation was as effective as i.p. in improving the Fe status of the anaemic animals. However, a 15 min absorption of a radio-Fe test dose from a ligated loop in i.p.-supplemented groups was significantly higher (11.68 (sd1.70) %, 17.49 (sd4.59) %, 16.71 (sd3.39) %) than in orally supplemented groups (3.24 (sd1.35) %, 2.45 (sd1.05) %, 1.80 (sd0.35) %) despite equal body Fe stores. No significant difference in intestinal Fe absorption efficiency was detected within the oral groups but those supplemented only once were more effective than or as effective as the group receiving daily supplements for 3d in improving Fe status as indicated by Hb-regeneration efficiency. We conclude that there is a mucosal block with the administration of oral Fe supplements but the extent of this blocking effect during oral Fe supplementation is not as dramatic as currently thought in the context of the poor efficacy of daily Fe supplementation programmes.

scholarly journals Influence of iron supplementation frequency on absorption efficiency and mucosal ferritin in anaemic rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Benito ◽  
William House ◽  
Dennis Miller
Keyword(s):  
Test Dose ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Supplementation Frequency ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Supplemental Dose ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

It is believed that frequent Fe doses decrease the efficiency of absorption as a consequence of the loading of intestinal mucosal cells with Fe from the previous supplemental dose. We examined this premise in thirty anaemic Sprague-Dawley rats given Fe supplements as FeSO4in 1 g preparations of a 50:50 (w/w mixture of low-Fe diet and sucrose under one of the following regimens: one 3 mg Fe dose daily for 3d, four 0.75mg doses daily at 6h intervals for 3d, and one 9mg dose on day 1 followed by two placebo (low-Fe diet) doses on days 2 and 3. All groups were fed on two low-Fe meals daily (8.3 mg Fe/kg diet). After an overnight fast rats were dosed with 1 ml of an59Fe-labelled ferric nitrilotriacetic acid solution (37 kBq59Fe, 50 μg Fe) orally and killed 10 h later. Absorption of59Fe was measured as the percentage of the59Fe retained by the carcass without the gastrointestinal tract 10 h after dosing relative to the initial59Fe dose. Haemoglobin-Fe gain, liver non-haem-Fe, and mucosal duodenal ferritin were determined after the 3 d supplementation period. Absorption of the test dose in rats supplemented once 3 d before assessment of Fe absorption was 2.6-fold greater than those supplemented with daily single doses and 1.9-fold greater than those supplemented with daily multiple doses. Our data indicate that both mucosal ferritin and liver Fe levels account for the higher absorption efficiency found in rats supplemented once to simulate intermittent regimens.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
A. J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

scholarly journals Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota can ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute aflatoxin exposure in Sprague Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Elham Nikbakht ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
S. Mohd Redzwan ◽  
Saman Khalesi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei Shirota ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Abstract. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found in some crops with an adverse health effect on human and animals. Some beneficial microorganisms (or probiotics) such as lactic acid bacteria have shown the ability to reduce the bioavailability of aflatoxins and its intestinal absorption. However, the dose and duration of aflatoxins exposure and probiotic treatment can influence the ability of probiotics to remove aflatoxins. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (LcS) induction in an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. Experimentally, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: AFB1 only (n = 9); AFB1 treated with LcS (n = 9); and control (no AFB1 exposure) (n = 6) groups. The blood AFB1 level of rats treated with LcS was slightly lower than the untreated AFB1 induced rats (11.12 ± 0.71 vs 10.93 ± 0.69 ng g–1). Also, LcS treatment slightly moderated the liver and kidney biomarkers in AFB1 induced rats. However, a trend for a significant difference was only observed in ALT of AFB1 induced rats treated with LcS compared to their counterparts (126.11 ± 36.90 vs 157.36 ± 15.46, p = 0.06). Rats’ body weight decreased in all animals force-fed with AFB1 with no significant difference between LcS treatment compared to the counterpart. In conclusion, this experiment indicated that probiotic LsC was able to slightly ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. However, future studies with longer probiotics treatment or higher probiotics dose is required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Structural Alteration in Dermal Vessels and Collagen Bundles following Exposure of Skin Wound to Zeolite–Bentonite Compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Paydar ◽  
Ali Noorafshan ◽  
Behnam Dalfardi ◽  
Shahram Jahanabadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
The Impact

Background. This study examines the impact of one-time direct application of haemostatic agent zeolite–bentonite powder to wounded skin on the healing process in rats. Materials and Methods. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups (n=12): (1) the rats whose wounds were washed only with sterile normal saline (NS-treated) and (2) those treated with zeolite–bentonite compound (ZEO-treated). The wound was circular, full-thickness, and 2 cm in diameter. At the end of the 12th day, six animals from each group were randomly selected and terminated. The remaining rats were terminated after 21 days. Just after scarification, skin samples were excised and sent for stereological evaluation. Results. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the length density of the blood vessels and diameter of the large and small vessels on the 12th day after the wound was inflicted. Besides, volume density of both the dermis and collagen bundles was reduced by 25% in the ZEO-treated rats in comparison to the NS-treated animals after 21 days. Conclusions. One-time topical usage of zeolite–bentonite haemostatic powder on an animal skin wound might negatively affect the healing process through vasoconstriction and inhibition of neoangiogenesis.

Distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Candas ◽  
Josée Lalonde ◽  
Maurice Normand
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rapid Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

To develop a mathematical model of the distribution and metabolism of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), the time course of 125I-labelled rCRF in plasma was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats (i) following a rapid injection of 24 ng rCRF/100 g body weight (BW), or (ii) following a rapid injection of 424 ng rCRF/100 g BW, or (iii) during an infusion at a rate ranging from 0.28 to0.73 ng rCRF∙min−1∙100 g BW−1. The comparison of the one-, two-, and three-compartment models shows that the two-pool structure fits better to the dynamics of CRF in plasma as measured in each rat. Following a rapid injection the decay curve occurs in a biphasic manner; the early phase of disappearance is 25 times faster than the late one. There is no significant difference between the estimates of the metabolic clearance rate following both amplitudes of injection (0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.05 mL∙min−1∙100 g BW−1). The volume of the first pool, 16.8 ± 1.1 mL/100 g BW, is four times larger than the plasma volume. It would thus appear that CRF is rapidly distributed from plasma into several tissues which are represented in the first pool of the model. The mean residence time of every CRF molecule in the second compartment, from the moment of secretion to its elimination, is from three to four times longer than in the first one. It stays, on average, between 140 min and 3 h in the system before an irreversible exit. At steady state, the disposal rate represents only 3% of the CRF mass of the first compartment every minute. These results could explain the prolonged effects of CRF on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion.

Distribution and metabolism of adrenocorticotropin in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1024-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Normand ◽  
Josee Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endogenous Release

The time course of plasma bioactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations measured following two rapid injections of the hormone at doses of 7.5 and 22.5 mU/100 g, iv, and one infusion over a period of 80 min at a rate of 1.3 mU/min per 100 g, to male Sprague–Dawley rats whose endogenous release of ACTH had been blocked, leads to the conclusion that the hormone is distributed in two compartments. Indeed, the rapid fall of plasma ACTH concentrations in the early minutes following either the injections or the stop of the infusion is followed by a much slower phase. There is no significant difference between the measurements and the two-compartment model outputs. The model represents, on the average, the mean values of the measurements plus or minus 1 standard error for the single injections and plus or minus 1.2 standard error for the infusion.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study ofEuphorbia hirtaL. Methanol Extract in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Yuet Ping ◽  
Ibrahim Darah ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Subramaniam Sreeramanan ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

DespiteEuphorbia hirtaL. ethnomedicinal benefits, very few studies have described the potential toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thein vivotoxicity of methanolic extracts ofE. hirta. The acute and subchronic oral toxicity ofE. hirtawas evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. Therefore, the LD 50 of this plant was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg/day ofE. hirtaextract per body weight revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in food and water consumptions, body weight change, haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and gross findings compared to the control group. Macropathology and histopathology examinations of all organs including the liver did not reveal morphological alteration. Analyses of these results with the information of signs, behaviour, and health monitoring could lead to the conclusion that the long-term oral administration ofE. hirtaextract for 90 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity.

Portal hypertension increases vasoconstrictor responsiveness of rat aorta

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire CONNOLLY ◽  
Teresa CAWLEY ◽  
P. Aiden MCCORMICK ◽  
James R. DOCHERTY
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Portal Vein Stenosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatic Portal

We have examined the effects of pre-hepatic portal hypertension on the responsiveness of aorta from Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were made portal hypertensive by creating a calibrated portal vein stenosis, or sham operated. In rat aorta, there was no significant difference between portal hypertensive and sham-operated animals in the contractile potency of KCl, noradrenaline or phenylephrine. In aortas from Wistar rats, the maximum response to KCl (0.71±0.12 ;g) and noradrenaline (1.00±0.17 ;g) but not phenylephrine (0.86±0.10 ;g) in portal hypertensive animals was significantly increased compared with that in sham-operated animals (0.45±0.04 ;g, 0.57±0.07 ;g, 0.71±0.05 ;g respectively). In aortas from Sprague–Dawley rats, the maximum response to KCl (1.21±0.21 ;g) and phenylephrine (1.54±0.30 ;g) but not noradrenaline (0.93±0.09 ;g) in portal hypertensive animals was significantly increased compared with that in sham-operated animals (0.59±0.09 ;g, 0.76±0.11 ;g, 1.04±0.10 ;g respectively). There was no difference between portal hypertensive and sham-operated Wistar rats in the affinity or maximum number of binding sites for [3H]prazosin to α1-adrenoceptors in cardiac ventricular membranes. It is concluded that portal hypertension tends to produce an increase rather than a decrease in the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in aorta from both Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats. This suggests that the diminished responsiveness to vasoconstrictors reported in portal hypertensive rats in vivo is not due to a diminished responsiveness at the level of the vascular smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Urinary concentrating defect in experimental hemochromatosis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
X J Zhou ◽  
N D Vaziri ◽  
D Pandian ◽  
Z Q Wang ◽  
M Mazowiecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urinary Concentrating Ability ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Concentrating Defect

We studied the urinary concentrating capacity in experimental hemochromatosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into iron (Fe)-loaded (injected sc with 1.2 g elemental iron/kg body weight as iron dextran) and pair-fed control groups. The urinary concentrating ability was studied after 10 months of iron loading. At basal condition, urine osmolality (Uosm) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the Fe-loaded rats compared with the control animals despite comparable urinary arginine-vasopressin (AVP) excretion in the two groups. Although 48-h water deprivation resulted in comparable rises in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of AVP in the two groups, maximal Uosm in the Fe-loaded animals was significantly lower than that seen in the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the observed urinary concentrating defect could not be corrected by pharmacological doses of exogenous AVP. There was no significant difference in renal chloride, sodium, calcium, or magnesium handling at either basal or sodium depleted states. Histologic studies showed marked iron deposition in the cortex and outer medulla accompanied by mild tubular atrophy particularly in the distal convoluted tubules. Thus, chronic experimental iron overload leads to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus marked by AVP-resistant urinary concentrating defect.

scholarly journals Anti-thrombotic effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger) in sprague dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3239
Author(s):  
Kipyegon Shadrack ◽  
Alkizim Faraj ◽  
Muriithi K. Alex ◽  
Ngure Kenneth
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases

Background: The prevalence of thrombotic diseases is rising globally. Presently, stroke and ischemic heart disease account for 25% of all deaths. Use of anti-thrombotic drugs have proven effective in prevention of these ailments but might not be affordable especially in developing countries. They are also associated with undesirable side effects. This study sought to determine the anti-thrombotic effect of ginger since it is affordable, accessible and is widely used as a food enhancer and a medicinal herb.Methods: The current study employed an in-vivo experimental study design. Three groups Sprague dawley rats (N=5) were given different doses of methanolic extract of ginger for 30 days. Two other groups (N=5) which served as controls received 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and aspirin for the same duration. Measurement of bleeding time, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time was done to assess the anti-thrombotic property.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in bleeding time (P=0.03) across the groups investigated. There was however no significant difference across the groups in platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time (P=˃0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that methanolic extract of ginger possesses an anti-thrombotic property probably through inhibition of platelet function. Regular consumption of ginger may therefore confer protection against thrombotic diseases.

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