scholarly journals The energy value of short-chain fatty acids infused into the caecum of pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Jørgensen ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Xin-Quan Zhao ◽  
BjØrn O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The present work was undertaken to study the energy value of a mixture of acetic, propionic and butyric acids (0·682: 0·226: 0·092) infused intracaecally in growing pigs. A basal diet low in fibre (42 g NSP/kg DM) was given at below the requirement for maximum weight gain. In six 2-week periods, N and energy balance measurements in eight growing pigs were carried out with and without infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Heat production was measured using open-circuit chambers and the concentration of SCFA in faeces was determined. Less than 1% of the infused SCFA was excreted in faeces illustrating the capacity of the hind-gut to absorb and metabolize SCFA. Infusion of SCFA did not affect the digestibility of nutrients and energy. However, N retention increased demonstrating that SCFA are an energy source for protein gain when pigs are fed at below the requirement of energy. Increased CH4production together with an increased excretion of branched-chain fatty acids in faeces suggested that there was a higher microbial activity in the hind-gut during infusion. The partial utilization of the infused energyin SCFA was 0·821. A small proportion of the infused energy in SCFA was retained in protein (0·099) and a considerable amount was retained as fat (0·722).

scholarly journals Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Shi ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Galia Zamaratskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal Affects the Cecal Microbiota of Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sandra Meyer ◽  
Denise K. Gessner ◽  
Garima Maheshwari ◽  
Julia Röhrig ◽  
Theresa Friedhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The hypothesis tested was that dietary inclusion of insect meal (IM) causes an alteration in the cecal microbiota composition and its fermentation activity of growing pigs. Five-week-old male crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 pigs each, and fed isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM (IM5) or 10% IM (IM10) from Tenebrio molitor larvae for four weeks. The relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was lower in group IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes-ratio tended to be higher in groups IM10 and IM5 than in group CON (p < 0.1). The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria tended to be higher in group IM10 than in groups CON and IM5 (p < 0.1). The concentrations of the total short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta did not differ between the three groups, but the concentrations of the branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were higher in group IM5 and IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05). The present study shows for the first time that the replacement of soybean meal by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal causes a shift of the cecal microbial community and its fermentation activity in growing pigs.

Effect of probiotics and prebiotics supplemented to the diet of growing pigs on the content of short chain fatty acids in the jejunum and cecum1

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brestenský ◽  
S. Nitrayová ◽  
A. Bomba ◽  
L. Strojný ◽  
P. Patráš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Role of short‐chain fatty acids in the hind gut

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup3) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. von Engelhardt ◽  
J. Bartels ◽  
S. Kirschberger ◽  
H.D. Meyer zu Düttingdorf ◽  
R. Busche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Nozière ◽  
Cécile Martin ◽  
Didier Rémond ◽  
Niels B. Kristensen ◽  
Richard Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Net Fluxes ◽  
Net Release ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Four ewes, each fitted with a rumen cannula and with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins, received continuous intrarumen infusions of water or of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA infusions were isoenergetic (83 kJ/h) and provided rumen molar proportions (acetate : propionate : butyrate) of 70 : 20 : 10, 50 : 40 : 10 or 50 : 20 : 30. The rumen SCFA production rate with the basal diet was 90·0, 23·1 and 8·8 mmol/h for acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively. Portal net fluxes indicated that 74, 67 and 22–30 % of infused acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively, reached the portal vein. Portal net release of β-hydroxybutyrate increased with SCFA infusions, irrespective of the amount of butyrate infused. Portal net release of lactate decreased with high-butyrate infusion. Portal net uptake of glucose increased with the SCFA infusions. In ewes infused with water, a portal net uptake of total amino acids (AA) was observed. SCFA infusions decreased the uptake of nonessential AA (glutamate, glycine, but not glutamine) and increased the net release of tyrosine and essential AA (isoleucine, leucine). Portal net fluxes of AA were similar with both high-acetate and high-propionate infusions. Lower net uptake of glutamine and net release of most essential AA and some nonessential AA were observed with the high-butyrate infusion. Energetic summation of portal net release was not significantly different between the three SCFA infusions, although it tended to be lower with high-butyrate infusion. This may be related to the higher trophic effect of butyrate on the digestive mucosa.

Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Yu ◽  
Chunsheng Fu ◽  
Zhenchuan Cui ◽  
Guangyong Chen ◽  
Yinglei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fecal Microflora ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P &lt; 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P &lt; 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P &lt; 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.

Effect of short chain fatty acids infused intraileally on interdigestive exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sileikiene ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. Tafaj ◽  
D. Kruszewska ◽  
B. Westrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Hemicellulose-Derived Oligosaccharides: Emerging Prebiotics in Disease Alleviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar Jana ◽  
Naveen Kango ◽  
Brett Pletschke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gut microbiota in the human body is an important component that plays a pivotal role in the ability of the host to prevent diseases and recover from these diseases. If the human microbiome changes for any reason, it affects the overall functioning of the host. Healthy and vigorous gut microbiota require dietary fiber supplementation. Recently, oligosaccharides have been found to play a significant role in the modulation of microbiota. Several such oligosaccharides, i.e., xylooligosaccharides (XOS), mannooligosaccharides (MOS), and arabino-xylooligosaccharides (AXOS), are derived from hemicellulosic macromolecules such as xylan, mannan, and arabino-xylan, respectively. These oligosaccharides serve as substrates for the probiotic production of health-promoting substances (short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids etc.), which confer a variety of health benefits, including the prevention of some dreaded diseases. Among hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides (HDOs), XOS have been largely explored, whereas, studies on MOS and AXOS are currently underway. HDOs, upon ingestion, help reduce morbidities by lowering populations of harmful or pathogenic bacteria. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are mainly utilized for the uptake of oligosaccharides in probiotics. Butyrate generated by the selective fermentation of oligosaccharides, along with other short-chain fatty acids, reduces gut inflammation. Overall, oligosaccharides derived from hemicelluloses show a similar potential as conventional prebiotics and can be supplemented as functional foods. This review summarizes the role of HDOs in the alleviation of autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease), diabetes, urinary tract infection, cardiovascular diseases, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the modulation of the gut microbiota. The mechanism of oligosaccharide utilization and disease mitigation is also explained.

The content of short chain fatty acids in the jejunal digesta, caecal digesta and faeces of growing pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brestenský ◽  
S. Nitrayová ◽  
A. Bomba ◽  
P. Patráš ◽  
L. Strojný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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